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Fundamental Questions:: Elements & Compounds

The document discusses the classification of matter and the basic concepts of elements and compounds in chemistry. It defines pure substances and mixtures, and explains that pure substances are classified as either elements or compounds. Elements are defined as pure substances that cannot be broken down further, either physically or chemically. Some key points are that atoms are the fundamental units that make up elements, and that John Dalton proposed his atomic theory in 1803 stating that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

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Ronnith Nandy
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76 views

Fundamental Questions:: Elements & Compounds

The document discusses the classification of matter and the basic concepts of elements and compounds in chemistry. It defines pure substances and mixtures, and explains that pure substances are classified as either elements or compounds. Elements are defined as pure substances that cannot be broken down further, either physically or chemically. Some key points are that atoms are the fundamental units that make up elements, and that John Dalton proposed his atomic theory in 1803 stating that all matter is composed of indivisible atoms.

Uploaded by

Ronnith Nandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

Fundamental Questions:
Q1 .How is matter classified?
Ans: Matter is classified in to pure substances and mixtures.
Q2 .What do you understand by pure substance?
Ans: A pure substance is composed of the same kind of matter i.e. same
kind of particles throughout. The composition of pure substance is fixed.
Q3 .What is a mixture?
Ans: A mixture is composed of different kinds of particle. The composition
of mixture is variable.
Q4 .How is pure substances classified?
Ans: Pure substances are classified in to the elements and compounds.
Q5 .What is different types of mixtures?
Ans: Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Q6 .What is an element?
Ans: An element is a pure substance which cannot be broken in to simpler
substances by physical or chemical means.
Q7 .Name the first scientist who defined the term element?
Ans: Robert Boyle was the first scientist to define the term element in
1661.
Q8 . Name the first scientist who used modern names for elements and included
table of 33 elements?
Ans: Antoine Lavoisier included a table of 33 elements in his book
Elementary Treatise on chemistry, published in 1789.He was the first to use
modern names for elements.
Q9 . List down the characteristics of elements?
Ans: The following are the characteristics of elements:
i) An element is a pure substance made up of only one kind of atoms.
ii) Atoms of an element cannot be broken down by physical or chemical
means.
iii) An element has its own fixed melting point and boiling point.
iv) It may occur naturally or may be prepared
Q10 How are elements classified?

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CHEMISTRY ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

Ans: Elements are classified in to metals, non-metals, and metalloids and


inert or noble gases based on their chemical and physical properties.
Q11 List down the properties of metals?
Ans: Metals usually show the following properties:
i) Metals are solids at room temperature.
ii) Metals are quite hard.
iii) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
iv) Metals have a luster.
v) Metals are malleable.
vi) Metals are ductile.
vii) Metals are sonorous.
viii) Metals have high boiling and melting points.
Q12 Explain the following terms Malleability, Ductility and Sonorous?
Ans: These terms are associated with properties of metals
i) Malleability: The property of metals by which they can be beaten into
thin sheets is called malleability.
ii) Ductility: The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is
called ductility.
iii) Sonorous: Metals produce ringing sounds, they are said to be sonorous.
Q13 Name a metal which is liquid at room temperature?
Ans: Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.
Q14 Name two metals which are soft?
Ans: Sodium and Potassium are two metals which are soft.
Q15 Which metal is the best conductor of heat and electricity?
Ans: Silver is the best conductor of heat and electricity.
Q16 Which is the most malleable and ductile metal?
Ans: Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal.
Q17 List down the properties of Non-metals?
Ans: Non-metals usually show the following properties:
i) They exist as solids or gases in room temperature.
ii) The solid non-metals are brittle
iii) They are bad conductor of heat and electricity.
iv) They are not lustrous.

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CHEMISTRY ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

v) They are not ductile.


vi) They are not malleable.
vii) They have low melting and boiling points.
viii) They are not sonorous.
Q18 Name a non- metal which exists as a liquid?
Ans: Bromine exists as a liquid.
Q19 Name the hardest natural substance?
Ans: Diamond is the hardest natural substance known.
Q20 Name a non-metal which a good conductor of electricity?
Ans: Graphite (a form of carbon) is a non-metal which is a good conductor
of electricity.
Q21 Name two non-metals which have metallic luster?
Ans: Graphite and Iodine are two non-metals which have metallic luster.
Q22 Name a non-metal which has high boiling point?
Ans: Diamond has a high boiling point.
Q23 What are metalloids?
Ans: The elements having intermediate properties between metals and
non-metals are called metalloids. They are solids at room temperature but
brittle. E.g. Silicon, Germanium.
Q24 What are inert or noble gases?
Ans: The colorless gases which ordinarily do not combine with other
elements to form compounds are known as inert or noble gases.
E.g. Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton etc.
Q25 What is earth’s crust made up of?
Ans: The earth’s crust is made mainly of two elements, i.e. oxygen (46.6%)
and Silicon (27.7%). The rest of the elements like aluminum, iron, calcium,
sodium, and potassium occur in very less quantities.
Q26 Write briefly about Dalton’s symbol of elements?
Ans: IN 1807, John Dalton improved on earlier symbols used for
representing atoms of elements. The symbols used by him represented the
quantity of elements that is one atom of element.
Q27 Explain the modern system of representation of elements?

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CHEMISTRY ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

Ans: The modern system of denoting the elements by their symbols was
introduced by the Swedish chemist J. J. Berzelius. Many of the symbols are
just one or two letters of the elements English name.
Other symbols have been taken from the names of elements in Latin
or other languages. E.g. the symbol of Iron is Fe from its Latin name
Ferrum. Therefore, each element has a name and a unique chemical
symbol.
The first letter of a symbol is always capitalized and the second letter
if used is not capitalized.
Q28 What is an Atom?
Ans: An atom of an element is the smallest particle that exhibits the
properties of that element.
Q29 Write a brief note on record of “Atom”.
Ans: The word ‘atomos’ was first coined by the Greek philosopher
Democritus (about 470-370BC).Democritus put forward the idea of his
teacher Leucippus that matter was made up of tiny indivisible particles and
called these indivisible particles atomos. Kanada an Indian philosopher
defined the atom as indestructible, which cannot exist in the free state.
Q30 What is Dalton’s Atomic Theory?
Ans: In 1803, John Dalton put forward his famous atomic theory.
According to Dalton’s atomic theory, all elements are made up of tiny,
indivisible particles called atoms. When Dalton explained that atoms cannot
be broken, he was describing that they are not broken by chemical means.
Thus an atom of an element is the smallest particle that exhibits the
properties of element.
Q31 Explain the composition and structure of an atom?
Ans: Atoms contain particles known as fundamental particles or
subatomic particles. The atom consists of three subatomic particles:
electron, protons and neutrons.
At the center of an atom, the protons and neutrons form a tiny central
core called nucleus. The electrons in an atom move around the nucleus in
definite paths called orbits.

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