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Rail Transport A Ion

Rail, road, water, and air are the main types of transportation. Rail transport uses trains running on parallel steel rails to transport passengers and freight long distances between cities. Road vehicles like automobiles, buses and trucks are highly flexible but use more energy and space in cities. Water transport moves cargo on barges, boats and ships over oceans, lakes and rivers. Airplanes are the fastest way to transport people and limited cargo over long distances, but have high costs and energy usage.

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64 views

Rail Transport A Ion

Rail, road, water, and air are the main types of transportation. Rail transport uses trains running on parallel steel rails to transport passengers and freight long distances between cities. Road vehicles like automobiles, buses and trucks are highly flexible but use more energy and space in cities. Water transport moves cargo on barges, boats and ships over oceans, lakes and rivers. Airplanes are the fastest way to transport people and limited cargo over long distances, but have high costs and energy usage.

Uploaded by

zameer7279
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types Of Transportation

Rail Transportaion
Rail transport is where a train runs along a set of two
parallel steel rails, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are
anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber, concrete
or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The
rails and perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made
of concrete, or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast.
Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.

A train consists of one or more connected vehicles that


run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a locomotive, that hauls a series of unpowered
cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, diesel or by
electricity supplied by trackside systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known
as a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics and gas
turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making
trains more energy efficient, though not as efficient as ships.

Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities; modern high-speed rail is capable of
speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this requires specially built track. Regional and commuter
trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by
high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of a city's public transport.
Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual loading and unloading of the cargo.
Since the 1960s, container trains

Road Transportaion

A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or


more places. Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise
prepared to allow easy travel; though they need not be, and
historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without
any formal construction or maintenance. In urban areas, roads
may pass through a city or village and be named as streets,
serving a dual function as urban space easement and route.

The most common road vehicle is the automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries
its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians. As
of 2002, there were 590 million automobiles worldwide.

Automobiles offer high flexibility and with low capacity, but are deemed with high energy
and area use, and the main source of noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient
travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of
freight transport.
Water Transportation

Water transport is the process of transport a watercraft, such as a barge, boat, ship or sailboat,
makes over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. The need for buoyancy unites
watercraft, and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance.

In the 1800s the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle
wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now most ships
have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as
submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind
power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers, or
in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large
pusher-prop fans.

Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large
quantities of non-perishable goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried
7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for
trans-continental shipping; short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.

Air Transportation
A fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called airplane, is a
heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to
the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish
from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift
surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both
fixed-wing and rotary-wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from
small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and
military cargo aircraft.

Two things necessary for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift and an area for landing.
The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure to receive maintenance,
restocking, refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo and passengers. While the
vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land, some are capable of take off and landing on ice,
snow and calm water.

The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can
reach up to 875 kilometres per hour (544 mph), single-engine aircraft 175 kilometres per hour (109
mph). Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer
distances, but incur high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places
helicopters can be used. WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time.

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