Repentance From Dead Works PDF
Repentance From Dead Works PDF
Repentance from Dead Works
Heb. 6:1‐3 – “Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection;
not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God, 2 Of the
doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal
judgment. 3 And this will we do, if God permit.”
Introduction
The Bible teaches us that repentance is essential to salvation (Act 3:19). Unless a person repents of
his sins and believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, he cannot be saved. However this doctrine is not readily
accepted by all Christians, and is coming under attack today. There are some Christian writers who
have either questioned the need to repent or have redefined what repentance means1. There are
still yet others who would question the need for born again Christians to repent of their sins when
they trespass against God. They would argue that repentance merely describes the changing of the
mind, and the warning to Christians to turn away from sin in repentance is to ask Christians to be sin‐
conscious which, they wrongly claim, is displeasing unto God2.
A wrong understanding of the doctrine of repentance will have far reaching implications in the
Christian’s life. It will affect the way he prays, how he views sin, how he deals with sin, his attitude
and approach in worship. It will affect the whole Christian walk. Seeing that this is such an important
doctrine, we must seek to understand what the Bible teaches us regarding this doctrine.
Background
With a strong Jewish tone, the book of Hebrews was most likely written to Jewish Christians to
encourage them to persevere in the faith. Some of these Christians could have endured persecution
or great trials of their faith. Some could also have been tempted to return to Judaism. This epistle
was then an encouragement and a warning to these Christians to not depart from their faith.
The writer of Hebrews encouraged his readers by drawing their attention to the excellency and
superiority of Christ above their Jewish ways. Another unique feature of this epistle is the five
warning passages which are applications of the truths of Christ superiority.
Context
From Hebrews 1:1 – Hebrews 5:10, the writer of the book of Hebrews has been arguing for the
superiority of the Lord Jesus Christ. He has showed that Christ is the supreme revelation of God (Heb
1:1‐4). Christ is also shown to be superior to the angels (Heb 1:5‐2:18). Christ is then revealed to be
1
Some examples would include Kenneth L Gentry Jr., Zane C Hodges, Charles C Ryrie and Joseph Prince.
2
For example, Joseph Prince argues against the need for self-examination during the partaking of the Lord’s
Supper. He would claim that repentance is merely the changing of mind to believe the good news of God’s
grace. He also preaches against godly sorrow.
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The First Principles
superior to Moses (Heb 3:1‐4:16). From chapters 5 through 7, Christ is argued to be superior to
Aaron.
In the midst of this argument, the writer paused and issued the third warning in this epistle. As he
argued for the superiority of Christ to Aaron, he compared the priesthood of Aaron and the
priesthood of Christ. He showed that because Christ’s priesthood is after the order of Melchizedek,
Christ is superior. However, he had to stop in the middle of his line of argument because of the lack
of understand of the readers. He then rebuked the readers for their lack of spiritual maturity and
encouraged them to go on from the foundational truths of the doctrine of Christ to a more complete
understanding of the doctrines of Christ.
The problems were identified: The Christians were dull of hearing (5:11) they were not growing
(5:12) and they were unskilful in the word of righteousness (5:13, 14). They still had to be taught the
first principles of the oracles of God and were still using milk. The “first principles (v.12) describe the
elementary things of God’s truth. These principles are the first letters of the alphabets that you will
learn when you are learning a new language. This showed how basic their understanding of the
things of Christ was. It is compared to the using of milk. They are still unable to partake of solid food.
While the Bible is an open book, where its truth is free for all to partake, there are portions of the
Bible which may be compared to “milk.” This is the first principle doctrine which is the doctrine of
salvation. Without salvation all other doctrines that pertain to maturity would be a closed book. A
person who is not saved is still dead in sin and he needs to be first firmly anchored in his salvation.
This is what these first principle doctrines are referring to. But there are also portions of the Bible
which would require one to apply skill and diligence for the maturing of the believers life of witness
for Christ. These are “meat” portions which have also been described by the Apostle Peter as “things
hard to be understood” (2 Pet 3:16).
Having rebuked them for their immaturity – i.e. where they were still unsure of their knowledge of
the many aspects of their salvation – the writer then went on to encourage them to grow. In
Hebrews 6:1, he exhorted the Christians to “leave” the principles of the doctrine of Christ. The
phrase “let us go on” explains what it means by the “leaving” described earlier. It does mean to put
aside or to discard, but it means to “carry on.” It means to grow on from where he is. He cannot
become spiritually stagnant where the only doctrines that he knows and understands are doctrines
regarding his salvation. The “principles” here is a different word from that found in Hebrews 5:12.
Here the word describes “beginning” or “first.” These are the first things of the doctrine of Christ
which a Christian would have learnt and understood when he became a Christian. These are
doctrines make up the “foundation.” The illustration is like that of the foundation of a building. The
foundation of the building having been laid, Christians must move on to build up the rest of the
building.
What are these foundational truths Christians must have already grasped and understood? There are
three pairs of doctrines listed here. They are: 1) Repentance from dead works, and of faith towards
God; 2) Doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands; and 3) of resurrection of the dead, and of
eternal judgment.
These doctrines are basic and foundational doctrines which Christians must understand.
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The First Principles
The meaning of the word “repentance”
The word “repentance” used here literally describes a “change of mind.” The question is what does
this change of mind involve?
There is another word which the New Testament uses to describe “repentance.” It is however a
different word in Greek. It literally describes a “change of care.” The emphasis is on the change of
feelings and the regret which a person may experience. This is the word used to describe Judas’
repentance: Matt. 27:3 – “Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was
condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and
elders.”
In the Old Testament there are also at least two Hebrew words used to describe repentance. One is
the word which is used to describe a changing of mind (Exo 13:17); another is the word which is used
to describe a turning away or a returning (Isa 19:22; Ezek 14:6).
Words have no meaning outside of their context. We must therefore consider the use of these words
in its proper context.
The nature of True Repentance
As seen, the word “repentance” describes a “change of mind,” and a “turning away.” But what does
one turn away from?
Hebrews 6:1 tells us that this repentance is from “dead works.” The phrase “dead works” occurs only
twice in the Bible. The other occurrence is found in Heb 9:14 – “How much more shall the blood of
Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience
from dead works to serve the living God?”
The dead works here describes works that are useless to save. Unbelievers would produce works
that are dead because they have no spiritual life in them. In a way, these works are rooted in death
because the people producing them are spiritually dead; the works are the fruits and the product of
death; it is the produce by one who is spiritually dead. These “dead” works that the Jewish believers
practiced were given by God in the OT. They would include practices such as keeping the Passover,
circumcision, the feasts of unleavened bread and of the booths, etc. Some Jewish believers have
mistakenly believed that by performing the external things of religion, they can become Christians.
Today, some have also fallen into the same error, they think that by doing “Christian” things they can
become Christians.
It is significant that these dead works are compared to “transgression” in Hebrews 9:15, and “sin” in
Hebrews 9:26. Because Christ has through His sacrifice purged the conscience of the believers from
transgression (violation of God’s law) and sin (offences committed), He has purged their conscience
from dead works. We must remember that obeying the externals of the laws is different from having
the righteousness of the law written in the believer's heart.
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The First Principles
Repentance from dead works, therefore, essentially involves the turning away from and the changing
of one’s mind regarding sin3.
What does it then mean to repent of one’s sin? Thomas Watson puts identifies six ingredients that
must be found in repentance: 1) Sight of sin, 2) sorrow for sin, 3) Confession of sin, 4) Shame for sin,
5) Hatred for sin and 6) Turning from sin4.
I agree with what Thomas Watson has identified as the key ingredients of repentance, although I
would rearrange the order slightly. I would place “shame for sin” before the “confession of sin.” For
after a person has confessed his sins and has found forgiveness in Christ, there is also comfort that
can be found in Christ (1 John 1:9).
It is important to see that the basis of repentance is in the complete work of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Christ has dealt with our sins on the cross. When we are born again, our eyes and minds are opened
to the reality of sin. With our conscience awakened, we have a deep hatred of our sins. That is where
we cry out to Christ to save us from our sins. We must remember that our sins are dealt with in
Christ; our sins were not simply ignored or glossed over. In repentance, there is a biblical view of sin;
we see sin for what it is. But we also see Christ who has died for all our sins. Seeing Christ, there is
also peace. This is also where the second part of the first pair of principle doctrine comes in – “faith
towards God.”
A person who has repented will also bear fruits of repentance (Matt 3:8; Luke 3:8). A good example
of one who has borne fruits of repentance is Zacchaeus (Luke 19). The restitution which Zacchaeus
made was not that which saved him from his sins, but it is an expression of the inward working of
grace he has received. A person who has sinned must bear the fruits of repentance. One
manifestation of the fruit of repentance is that he will not sin the same sin again. A repentant sinner
must also be prepared to bear the consequences of his transgression. In the context of the church, a
repentant sinner will submit to and obey the disciplinary measures meted out by the Board of Elders
to help restore his fellowship with God and with God’s people. Forgiveness must not be confused
with the need to face the consequences of sin.
As a believer, do we still have to repent of our sins? It is wrong to think that since we are forgiven of
our sins, we can live as if we have no sin even when we do sin. Christ has forgiven us of our sins, but
our attitude towards sin must reflect that forgiveness that we have experienced. As believers, when
we sin, we must still repent of our sins and turn to Christ. Our sins have all been forgiven or
forgotten, but we must never lose the hatred for sin. When a professing believer sins, and has no
hatred of that sin committed; if he doesn’t see the seriousness of sin; it is either he is a liar and is not
a truly born again believer (1 John 1:6) or he is a born again believer but he is disobedient or
sleeping. Even as a believer, sin unconfessed and unrepented of can rob him of his joy and peace
with God (Psalm 51:12). Sin can hinder his fellowship and communion with God (Psalm 66:18).
3
Other passages that describe repentance as a repentance from sin include: Isa 44:22; Jer 36:3; Acts 2:38; Acts
3:19.
4
Thomas Watson, The Doctrine of Repentance. (Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 2002). pp. 18-54.
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The First Principles
False Repentance
The Bible warns us of a false kind of repentance. The clearest example of a false kind of repentance is
seen in the repentance of Judas Iscariot. In Matt. 27:3 we see how the Bible says that Judas Iscariot
“repented himself.”
Judas’ repentance has the appearance of genuine repentance. Matt 27:4, 5 tells us what Judas said
to the chief priests and elders: “Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And
they said, What is that to us? see thou to that. And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple,
and departed, and went and hanged himself.”
Notice how Judas Iscariot threw back the silver he took, notice the sorrow he expressed, and the
guilt he felt. Notice even how he acknowledged his crime. But this was not genuine repentance
because it did not drive him to Christ whom he sinned against. He simply felt miserable! Which was
not enough. It may have the appearance of true repentance but one key ingredient was missing, he
did not turn to Christ.
We see from the same example that false repentance will leads to despair and death. 2Cor. 7:10 –
“For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the sorrow of the world
worketh death.” The repentance of despair will not find hope because it does not look to Christ.
False repentance is outward and temporary. There is no evidence or reflection of the inward working
of grace. Such a person will still die in his sin and end up in hell. Jer. 2:20 ‐ “For of old time I have
broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands; and thou saidst, I will not transgress; when upon every high hill
and under every green tree thou wanderest, playing the harlot.” There were some who were
determined and made a verbal commitment to not sin. But their actions reflect otherwise.
Comfort in Repentance
Psalm 51 is a Psalm of repentance. It expresses the struggles David experienced when he was
confronted with his sin. But it also showed the quiet confidence he had in knowing that God forgives
sin.
He acknowledged his sins before God. He had no excuses or justification for his sins (v.3, 4). But
having confessed his sins, he found his refuge in Christ.
He spoke of the certainty of restoration and forgiveness (v.7‐12). Notice that David did not express
doubt. Many have misunderstood what repentance involves. Some may find it burdensome. Some
may think that repentance expresses itself in a depressing and frightening way; others may think that
repentance must involve many sleepless nights or the shedding of many tears. To an unrepentant
sinner, the call to repentance will be a stern and solemn call; it will be frightening to him because of
the hardness of his heart. But to the repentant sinner, though he may experience sorrow initially as
he comes under the conviction of sin, yet in bringing his sins before Christ, he immediately finds
comfort and rest. There will be the initial shedding of tears, but these tears will be wiped away when
one experiences joy of “broken bones” restored.
David then concluded this Psalm by expression his desire to testify for the Lord (v.13) and to praise
and worship God (v.19). This was an expression of the forgiveness he experienced.
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The First Principles
Conclusion
Repentance from dead works is a foundational doctrine of the Christian faith. We must remember,
however, that it does not stand alone, it stands together with the doctrine of “faith toward God.”
Repentance involves a turning towards God, and this is the comforting truth in repentance.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. How will you answer someone who claims that because Christians have no more conscience
of sin (Heb 10:2) it is unbiblical to repent of sin? He also claims that he no longer has to
repent of his sins, because his sins, past, present and future, have been forgiven when he first
believed in the Lord Jesus Christ?
2. If a person repents of a sin but commits the same sin again; he then repents of this sin but
struggles with it again. Is this true repentance? Will he still be forgiven of his sin? Explain your
answer.
3. How will a proper understanding of the doctrine of repentance impact your Christian walk
practically and personally?
4. If you know of a Christian who has sinned, how will encourage the person to repentance?
5. Why are some Christians unable to find comfort even after they have repented of their sin?
What advice, from the scriptures, will you give to such a person to encourage him/her?