An Introduction to Linear Programming

And Simplex Method

By

Mubin Yasin
Registration No: 1448316018

MASTER OF SCIENCE

IN

MATHEMATICS
Supervised by

Dr. Tasneem shah

Department of Mathematics

Preston University,Islamabad, Pakistan 2018

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 CERTIFICATE
Resistive and Non resistive medium of projectile motion
By

Muhammad Mujtaba Anjum

MASTER OF SCIENCE

IN

MATHEMATICS

I accept this dissertation as confirming to the required standard

______________________________

Dr. Asia Anjum

Department of Mathematics

Preston University

Islamabad, Pakistan2018

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declared that project neither as a whole nor as part has been copied out from any source.
It is further declared that I have developed this project and accompanied report entirely on the
basis of my personal effort made under the sincere guidance of my supervisor. No portion of the
work presented in this report has been submitted in the support of any other degree or
qualification of this or any other university or institute, if found guilty I stand responsible.

Signature
_____________________________

Muhammad Mujtaba Anjum

Reg#1448-116110

Department of Mathematics

Preston University

Islamabad-Pakistan

2018

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to begin by praising the Lord of the Whole World Who has given me the
potential and ability to accomplish my project. And our Last Holy Prophet (PBUH) whose life is
always a torch of guidance to get our destiny

I would like to express my special thanks to my Supervisor Dr. Asia Anjum for helping me in all
my problems to get through it. I really like to thanks him for this act of kindness and for his
lessons.

I am thankful to all my teachers who help me throughout in my educational carrier. Either they
belong to my school level, or they belong to my college. I am grateful to my university teachers
specially Dr. Asia Anjum for helping me.

I love you Mom and Dad, for helping to make me who I am, for teaching me to be proud of who
I am, for showing me how to be strong, for giving me the courage to be weak, and giving me the
strength to always strive for better, no matter what happened, and giving me the wisdom to know
when to turn away and when to charge ahead, you are my rock of foundation.

This acknowledgment would be incomplete if I didn’t mention the thanks to all my friends and
class fellows for being with me when, I was desperately needed.

Muhammad Mujtaba Anjum

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 Abstract:
The motion of a particle in two dimension under gravity is called projectile motion. The path of
the projectile is called trajectory. During the flight of the projectile there are some more forces
that act on the particle. In this topic I will compare the projectile motion under resistive and non-
resistive medium. Also the purpose of the project is to analysis the effect of medium on
velocities, acceleration, time, and angle of projection.

The motion of a particle which is projected into a resistant medium and subjected to a uniform
gravitational field is considered. The drag force that acts upon the particle within the medium is
proportional to the particle speed squared. The problem is formulated in terms of particle-speed
and local-path-angle variables, and the equations of motion that result are non-linear and
coupled. A new technique is presented which provides an exact time-implicit solution to these
equations in the form of a parametric description of the particle motion. This description is
utilized to obtain exact conditions from which the maximum projectile range and the optimal
projection angle can be determined to any desired degree of precision. This description also
reveals general properties of the projectile trajectory, some of which motivate the development
of an approximate solution. This study includes the determining of eight basic parameters of
projectile motion (flight range, time of flight, maximum ascent height and others). The study also
includes the construction of the basic functional dependences of the motion, the determination of
the optimum angle of throwing, providing the greatest range; along with time taken.

Keywords:
 Projectile motion
 Motion with air resistance
 Motion with non-resistance
 Trajectory in resistive medium
 Trajectory in non-resistive medium
 Angle of projectile

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CONTENTS
1. Resistive and Non-resistive Medium of Projectile Motion.
1.1. Introduction of projectile motion……………………………1
1.2. Outline review……………………………………………….2
1.3. Comparison………………………………………………….3
1.4. Effect of air resistance………………………………………3
1.5. Effects of temperature………………………………………7
1.6. Literature review……………………………………………7
2. Comparison between Resistive and Non-resistive of
Projectile Motion……………………………………………………14
2.1. Introduction………………………………………………..14
2.2. The initial velocity of projectile motion in
Resistive and Non-resistive Medium………………………15
2.3. Comparison……………………………………..………….16
2.4. Comparison of both Examples……………………………..19
2.5. Fundamental kinetics quantity of Projectile Motion……….20
2.5.1. Acceleration………………………………………….20
2.5.2. Velocity………………………………………………21
2.5.3. Examples for Velocity in N.R.M…………………….22
2.5.4. Displacement…………………………………………23
2.5.5. Example for displacement in N.R.M...………………24
2.5.6. Example for displacement in R.M…………………...25
2.6. Comparison of both examples for Displacement…………..27
2.7. Trajectory of Projectile Motion in R.M and N.R.M……….28
2.7.1. Introduction…………………………………………..28
2.8. Comparison………………………………………………...30
2.9. Fundamental concept of Trajectory of P.M………………..31
2.9.1. Distance travelled…………………………………….31
2.9.2. Time of Flight………………………………………..31
2.9.3. Angle of reached……………………………………..33

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 2.10. Speed of Projectile Motion……………………………...…34
2.10.1. Theorem……………………………………………...34
2.11. Range on an inclined plane………………………………...36
2.11.1. Maximum Range on an inclined plane………………37
2.11.2. Time of flight on inclined plane……………………..40
3. Conclusions…………………………………………………………44
4. Notations……………………………………………………………45
5. Bibliography………………………………………………………..47

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