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VECTORS ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. ( )(
If a = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj , b = 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, then a + b ⋅ a − b is )
(a) 0 (b) −8 (c) 9 (d) −10
2. If OA = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and OB = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ, then BA is
(a) iˆ + 4 ˆj − 2kˆ (b) −iˆ + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ (c) −iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ (d) iˆ + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ
3. The volume of the parallelopiped whose co-terminous edges are 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ, iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and
6iˆ + ˆj − kˆ in cubic units is
(a) 44 (b) 33 (c) 11 (d) 22
4. If a = 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, then a × b is

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 6 2 (d) 5 2

5. The cosine of the angle between the vectors 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ and 4iˆ + 8 ˆj − 8kˆ is
16 16 15 15
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
21 21 28 28
6. The area of the triangle whose vertices are A (1, − 1, 2 ) , B ( 2, 1, − 1) and C ( 3, − 1, 2 ) is

(a) 4 5 (b) 2 3 (c) 13 (d) 15

7. If a = 11, b = 23 and a + b = 30, then a − b is
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 15 (d) 25
8. The value of iˆ − ˆj , ˆj − kˆ, kˆ − iˆ  is equal to
 
(
(a) 2 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) −1

9. The value of p for which the vectors 4iˆ + pjˆ + 2kˆ, − iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ and 8iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ are co-planar is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) −4 (d) −6
10. The area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are 2iˆ − 3 ˆj and 2 ˆj − kˆ is
(a) 29 (b) 19 (c) 23 (d) 26
11. If the vectors 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ, 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + kˆ and 5iˆ − ˆj + 7 kˆ are the sides of a triangle, the triangle is
(a) equilateral (b) isosceles (c) right angled (d) isosceles right angled
12. (
If a = iˆ + 2 ˆj , b = ˆj + 2kˆ, c = 2iˆ − kˆ, then a. b × c is)
(a) 2 (b) −4 (c) 7 (d) 6
13. If (1 − p ) iˆ + 2 (1 + p ) ˆj + ( 3 + p ) kˆ and 3iˆ + ˆj are at right angles, then the value of p is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
14. If a, b , c are vectors of length 4, 4, 5 respectively and a, b , c are perpendicular to
b + c , c + a , a + b respectively, then a + b + c is

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(a) 57 (b) 75 (c) 47 (d) 7
15. If a , b , c are any three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude a, a + b + c is

(a) a (b) 2a (c) 3a (d) 3a

16. The value of p for which the vectors iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ, 2iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ, 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + pkˆ from a parallelopiped of
volume 49 cc is
(a) −5 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
π
17. A vector makes an angle of with x-axis and y-axis. It makes with z-axis an angle of
3
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
18. If a = 3iˆ + λ ˆj − kˆ, b = 2iˆ + ˆj + µ kˆ are orthogonal and a = b , then ( λ , µ ) =

(a)  −31 , 43  (b)  −31 , 41  (c)  31 , −41  (d)  −31 , −41 

12 12  12 12  12 12   12 12 

19. If a = iˆ − kˆ, b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1 − x ) kˆ and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x − y ) kˆ then  a b c  depends on

 
(a) only x (b) only y (c) neither x nor y (d) both x and y
20. If OA = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and OB = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, then AB is
(a) iˆ − 3 ˆj − kˆ (b) −iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ (c) 3iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ (d) −3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
21. Which of the following is a unit vector
(a) cos α iˆ + cos β ˆj (b) cos α iˆ + sin α ˆj + kˆ (c) cos α cos β iˆ + cos α sin β ˆj + sin α kˆ (d) iˆ + ˆj
22. Perimeter of the triangle whose sides are given by 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, 3iˆ − 4 ˆj , 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 6kˆ is
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) 15
23. The points having position vectors 6iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, 6iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, − 6iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ, 14iˆ − 5 ˆj + 4kˆ are
(a) collinear (b) coplanar (c) non coplanar (d) none of these
24. If a .b = a .c then (given a ≠ 0 and b ≠ c )

(a) a = b (b) b = c (c) a (b − c ) (

(d) a ⊥ b − c )
25. If 2iˆ + mjˆ − 3kˆ and miˆ + 2 ˆj + 4ɵ
k are orthogonal then m is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) −1 (d) −6
26. If a = (1, 2, 3) , b = ( 2, 3, 4 ) the direction cosines of 2a − b are
 1 2  1 1 1
(a) ( 0, 1, 2 ) (b) (1, 1, 1) (c)  0, ,  (d)  , , 
 5 5 2 2 2
27. If α , β , γ are the angles made by a line with the co-ordinate axes then cos 2α + cos 2 β + cos 2γ + 1 is
(a) 3cos α cos β cos γ (b) 0 (c) 3/2 (d) 4 cos α cos β cos γ
28. Let piˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and qiˆ + 5kˆ be two vectors where p, q ≥ 0 are two scalars. If ( p, q ) is a pair of
values for which their lengths are equal, then
(a) ( p, q ) in unique (b) there can be infinitely many such pairs
(c) there is only a finite number of such pairs (d) there exists no such pair
29. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side a. The value of AB.BC + BC.CA + CA. AB is equal to

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3a 2 3a 2
(a) (b) 3a 2 (c) − (d) −3a 2
2 2
30. If 4iˆ + 7 ˆj + 8kˆ, 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and 2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ are position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of a
triangle ABC. The position vector of a point D where the bisector  meets BC is
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 2 ˆ
(a)
3
(
6i + 13 ˆj + 18kˆ )(b)
3
(
6i − 13 ˆj − 18kˆ )
(c)
3
(
−6iˆ + 13 ˆj + 18kˆ (d)
3
) 6i + 13 ˆj ( )
−14iˆ + 39 ˆj + 28kˆ
31. A point P with p.v. divides the line joining A ( −1, 6, 5 ) and B in the ratio 3 : 2
5
then the point B is
(a) (1, 2, 3) (b) ( 3, 2, − 1) (c) −4iˆ + 9 ˆj + 6kˆ (d) (1, 4, − 5 )

32. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon. If AB = a and BC = b , the other sides represent the following
vectors
(a) CD = b − a , DE = − a , EF = −b , FA = a − b (b) CD = a − b , DE = a , EF = b , FA = b − a
(c) CD = a − b , DE = − a , EF = −b , FA = b − a (d) none of these
33. ( ) (
If iˆ, ˆj are unit vectors and iˆ × ˆj = kˆ, then iˆ + ˆj × ˆj − iˆ is )
(a) k̂ (b) 2kˆ (c) − k̂ (d) −2kˆ
34. If p = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, q = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and r = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 9kˆ, then p. ( q × r ) is
(a) −21 (b) 0 (c) 18 (d) −2
35. If a = 2iˆ − ˆj , b = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj and xa + yb = iˆ − ˆj , then x and y are
5 −1 −1 3 −3 1 −3 −1
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
36. The position vector of a point R which divides the line joining the two points P and Q with position
vectors OP = 2a + b and OQ = a − 2b , respectively, in the ratio 1: 2
5a 5a
(a) (b) 3a + 4b (c) 3a − 4b (d) +b
3 3
37. If the points ( −1, − 1, 2 ) , ( 2, m, 5 ) and ( 3, 11, 6 ) are collinear, then the value of m is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
π π
38. A vector r of magnitude 3 2 units which make an angle of and with y and z axes,
4 2
respectively.
(a) ±3iˆ + 3 ˆj (b) iˆ ± 3 ˆj (c) iˆ ± ˆj (d) −iˆ ± ˆj
39. If a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and c = iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ, the value of λ such that a is perpendicular to
λb + c is
(a) λ = 1 (b) λ = 2 (c) λ = −2 (d) λ = −1
40. If a = 8, b = 3 and a × b = 12 then value of a .b can be

(a) 6 3 (b) 8 3 (c) 12 3 (d) none

41. Find the direction cosines of 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ .
1 2 2 1
(a) 2, 2, − 1 (b) 1, 1, − (c) 1 , 1 , − 1 (d) , ,−
2 3 3 3 3 3 3

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42. If a = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = −iˆ + 2kˆ then c a is equal to
(a) 5 iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ (b) 5 iˆ + 2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ (c) 2 5 iˆ − 2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ (d) 2 5 iˆ + 2 5 ˆj + 5 kˆ
43. If a = 3iˆ − ˆj − 4kˆ, b = −2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 3kˆ and c = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ , then 3a − 2b + 4c is equal to

(a) 198 (b) 298 (c) 398 (d) 498

44. The vectors 5a + 6b + 7c , 7 a − kb + 9c and 3a + 20b + 5c are coplanar if k equals
(a) −8 (b) −6 (c) 6 (d) 8
45. If a is a non-zero vector of modulus a and m is a non-zero scalar, then m a is a unit vector if
1 1/ 2
(a) a = −m (b) a = 1 (c) m = 1 (d) a = m
m 2
46. The position vector of a point which divides the join of the points 2a − 3b and 3a − 2b externally in
the ratio 2 : 3 is
2 3
(a) 5a − 5b (b) 3a (c) −5b (d) − a − b
5 5
47. The position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two point P and Q whose position
vectors are iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and −iˆ + ˆj − kˆ respectively, in the ratio 2 :1 externally is
(a) −3iˆ − kˆ (b) 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (c) 3iˆ + kˆ (d) 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
48. If a = ( 2, 1, − 1) , b = (1, − 1, 0 ) , c = ( 5, − 1, 1) , then unit vector parallel to a + b − c but in opposite
direction is
1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ 1 1 ˆ ˆ
(a)
3
(
2i − j + 2kˆ ) (b)
3
(
2i + j − 2kˆ ) (c)
3
(
−2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ )
(d)
2
(
2i − j + 2kˆ )
49. If p = iˆ + ˆj , q = 4kˆ − ˆj and r = iˆ + kˆ , then the unit vector in the direction of 3 p + q − 2r is
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
(a)
3
(
i + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) (b)
3
(
i − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ )
(c)
3
(
i − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ (d)
3
)
i + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ( )
50. If the vector a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ and b are collinear and b = 21 , then b is equal to

(
(a) iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) (
(b) ± 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ ) (
(c) ±3 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ ) (
(d) ±21 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ )
51. If 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ, 6iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, 3iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ represent the sides of a triangle, then the perimeter of the
triangle is
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 14 (d) 21
52. If a = iˆ + 4 ˆj , b = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj and c = 5iˆ + 9 ˆj , are coplanar then c is equal to
(a) a + 2b (b) a + 3b (c) 3a + b (d) 5a + b
53. If ABCD is a parallelogram, then AC − AB is equal to
(a) AB (b) AD (c) 2 AB (d) 2 AD
54. If the position vector of A with respect to O is 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ and AB = 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ then the position
vector of B with respect to O is
(a) − ˆj + 3kˆ (b) iˆ − 3kˆ (c) iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ (d) 6iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ
55. The value of k for which the vectors a = iˆ − ˆj and b = −2iˆ + k ˆj are collinear is
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
3 2

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56. What is the magnitude of the resultant force of the forces (1, 2, − 1) and ( −3, 0, 2 ) ?

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 9

57. In a regular hexagon ABCDEF , if AB = a , BC = b , then CD is equal to
(a) a + b (b) b − a (c) 2a + b (d) b − 2a
58. If the vectors iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ, λ iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ are linearly dependent, then the value of λ is
equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
59. If P is any point within a ∆ ABC , then PA + CP is equal to
(a) AC + CB (c) BC + BA (c) CB + AB (d) CB + BA
60. The position vectors of P and Q are respectively a and b . If R is a point on PQ such that
PR = 5 PQ , then the position vector of R is
(a) 4 b − 5 a (b) 4 b + 5 a (c) 5 b − 4 a (d) 5 b + 4 a
61. ( ) ( ) (
If the points P a + b − c , Q 2a + 3b , R −b + t c ) are collinear, where a , b , c are three coplanar
vectors, then the value of t is
1 1
(a) −2 (b) − (c) (d) 2
2 2
62. Points ( 5, 2, 4 ) , ( 6, − 1, 2 ) and ( 8, − 7, λ ) are collinear if λ is equal to
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
63. Let a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and c = xiˆ + ( x − 2 ) ˆj − kˆ . If the vector c lies in the plane of a and b ,
then x equals
(a) −4 (b) −2 (c) 0 (d) 1
64. If the vectors b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ , cos α ˆj + sin α kˆ and sin α ˆj + cos α kˆ are coplanar, then sin 2α is equal
to
1 1
(a) ± (b) ± (c) ± 2 (d) ± 1
2 2
65. If 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ, iˆ + kˆ, 3 i + 3 ˆj + λ kˆ are coplanar, then λ is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
66. If a , b , c are the position vectors of A, B, C respectively such that 3a + 4b − 7c = 0 then C divides
AB in the ratio
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3 (c) 3 : 7 (d) 4 : 7
67. If a and b are the position vectors of points A and B respectively, with reference to the origin O ,
then find the position vector of a point C in AB produced such that AC = 3 AB .
(a) a + 3b (b) 3a + 2b (c) a − 3b (d) 3b − 2a
68. If x , y and z are non-coplanar vectors and ( 2a + 2b + c ) x + ( a + 2b − 3) y + ( 2a − b + 4 ) z = 0 holds
for some a and b , then c is equal to
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 1
69. A, B, C , D, E , F , in that order, are the vertices of a regular hexagon with centre at origin. If the
position vectors of vertices A and B are, respectively, 4 iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and −3 iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , then DE is equal to
(a) −4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ (b) −7iˆ − 2 ˆj (c) −3iˆ − ˆj − kˆ (d) 7iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ

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70. The centre O of a regular hexagon ABCDEF lies at the origin. The position vectors of the vertices A
and B are 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and −5iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ respectively. The vector BC is equal to
(a) 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − 8kˆ (b) −8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ (c) −3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ (d) 4iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ
71. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with AB = a and BC = b , then CE equals
(a) −b + 2a (b) −2a (c) 2a + b (d) b − 2a
72. If x1 , x2 and x3 are non-coplanar vectors and ( x + y − 3) x1 + ( 2 x − y + 2 ) x2 + ( 2 x + y + λ ) x3 = 0 holds
for some values of x, y and z then λ is equal to
10 7 4 1
(a) − (b) − (c) − (d) −
3 3 3 3
73. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon then AD + EB + FC equals
(a) 0 (b) AB (c) 2 AB (d) 4 AB
74. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon with centre at the origin such that AD + EB + FC = λ ED . Then λ
equals
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
75. If D, E and F are respectively the midpoints of AB, AC and BC is ∆ ABC , then BE + AF is equal
to
1 3
(a) BF (b) DC (c) BF (d) 2DC
2 2
76. If the extremities of a diagonal of a square are (1, − 2, 3) and ( 2, − 3, 5 ) , then the length of the side is

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

77. The values of λ and µ so that the points with position vectors −iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ, − 4iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and
5iˆ + λ ˆj + µ kˆ lie on a straight line, are
(a) λ = −5, λ = 10 (b) λ = 5, µ = −10 (c) λ = −5, µ = −10 (d) λ = 5, µ = 10
78. If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors and λ is a real number, then the vectors a + 2b + 3c , λ b + 4c and
( 2λ − 1) c are non-coplanar for
(a) no value of λ (b) All except one value of λ (c)All except two values of λ (d)All values of λ
79. ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of CD . If AD = a and AE = b , then BD is equal to
(a) 2a − 3b (b) 2b − 3a (c) 3a − 2b (d) 3b − 2a
80. The position vector of a point lying on the line joining the points whose position vectors are iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
and iˆ − ˆj + kˆ can be
(a) iˆ (b) ĵ (c) k̂ (d) 0
81. The vectors AB = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ and AC = 5iˆ − 5 ˆj + 2kˆ are the sides of a triangle ABC . The length of
the median through A is
(a) 2 5 units (b) 13 units (c) 5 units (d) 7 2 units
82. Find the value of m , if the vectors, a − 3b + 5c , a − m b + 3c and −2a + 3b − 4c are coplanar.
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
83. A vector makes an angle of π with x -axis and also with y -axis. It makes with z -axis an angle of
3
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°

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84. ABC is triangle, D is the point on BC such that BD : DC = 2 :1 and E is the mid-point of AC , if
AD = a , DC = b , then BE is equal to
1 1 1 1
(a)
2
(b −a ) (b)
2
(
2b − a ) (c)
2
(
3b − a ) (d)
2
(
5b − a )
85. If the points ( −1, 2, − 3) , ( 4, a, 1) and ( b, 8, 5) are collinear, then a and b respectively equal to
(a) 4 and 7 (b) 5 and 9 (c) −3 and 8 (d) 7 and −5
86. The ratio in which iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ divides the join of −2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and 7iˆ − kˆ is
(a) −4 : 3 (b) −3 : 2 (c) 1: 2 (d) 2 : 3
87. Let a = iˆ + ˆj + pkˆ and b = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , then a + b = a + b holds for
(a) p = −1 (b) All real p (c) p = 1 (d) No real p
88. The point with position vectors 60iˆ + 3 ˆj , 40iˆ − 8 ˆj , aiˆ − 52 ˆj are collinear if
(a) a = −40 (b) a = 20 (c) a = 30 (d) a = 40
89. Forces acting on a particle are represented in magnitude and direction by the sides AB, BC , CD and
DE of a regular pentagon ABCDE . The resultant of these forces is
(a) AE (b) EA (c) 5AE (d) 5EA
90. If a ∆ABC , the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C are 4iˆ + 7 ˆj + 8kˆ, 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and
2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ respectively. The position vector of the point where the bisector of angle A meets the
side BC , is
1 2 1 ˆ 2
(
(a) − 2iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ
3
) (
(b) − 5iˆ + 11 ˆj + 14kˆ (c)
3
) 3
(
6i + 13 ˆj + 18kˆ ) (d)
3
(
−4iˆ + 17 ˆj + 15kˆ )
91. The points 7iˆ − 11 ˆj + kˆ, 5iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and 12iˆ − 8 ˆj − kˆ form
(a) an isosceles triangle (b) an equilateral triangle (c)a right angled triangle (d)are collinear
92. If 6iˆ − 4 ˆj + ( a + 1) kˆ and ( a + 2 ) iˆ + 2 bjˆ + kˆ are collinear vectors in the same direction, then ( a, b ) is
equal to
(a) ( 0, − 1) (b) (1, − 1) (c) (1, 0 ) (d) (1, 1)

93. A parallelogram is constructed on 5aˆ + 2bˆ and a − 3b , where a = 2 2 and b = 3 an the angle
π
between a and b is . The lengths of the two diagonals of the parallelogram are
4
(a) 13, 487 (b) 15, 593 (c) 12, 621 (d) 14, 674
94. Which of the following is not a unit vector?
(a) (1, 0, 0 ) (b)  1 , −1 , 1  (c) ( cos α , 0, sin α ) (d)  1 , 1 , 1 
 3 3 3   2 2 2 
95. The number of distinct real values of α , for which the vectors α 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ, − iˆ + α 2 ˆj − kˆ, − iˆ − ˆj + α 2 kˆ
will lie in the same plane, is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
96. If the scalar product of the vector iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ with the unit vector along m iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is equal to 2, then
one of the values of m is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
97. If the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle ABC be A ( −1, 3, 2 ) B ( 2, 3, 5) and C ( 3, 5, − 2 ) , then
∠A is equal to
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8 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 135°
98. If the points (1, 0, 3) , ( −1, 3, 4 ) , (1, 2, 1) and ( λ , 2, 5) are coplanar, then λ is equal to
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
99. The position vectors of the points A, B, C and D are 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ , 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ, − iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and
4iˆ + 5 ˆj + λ kˆ . If these points are coplanar, then λ is equal to
162 154 146 137
(a) − (b) − (c) − (d) −
17 17 17 17
100. If three points A, B and C have position vectors (1, x, 3) , ( 3, 4, 7 ) and ( y, − 2, − 5 ) respectively and
if they are collinear, then ( x, y ) is equal to
(a) ( −2, − 3) (b) ( −2, 3) (c) ( 2, − 3) (d) ( 2, 3)
101. The position vectors of points A, B and C are (1, 1, 1) , (1, 5, − 1) and ( 2, 3, 5 ) , then the greatest
angle of the triangle ABC is
2 5
(a) cos −1   (b) 90° (c) cos −1   (d) 105°
3 7
102. If the position vectors of two points P and Q are respectively 9iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ and iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and the line
segment PQ intersects the YOZ plane at a point R , then PR : RQ is equal to
(a) 9 :1 externally (b) 1: 9 externally (c) 1: 9 internally (d) 9 :1 internally
103. If 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ are adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the lengths of its diagonals
are
(a) 4, 55 (b) 5, 65 (c) 6, 59 (d) 7, 69
104. If iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ are sides of a parallelogram, then a unit vector parallel to one of the
diagonals of the parallelogram is
1 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a)
3
( )
−iˆ + ˆj + kˆ (b)
3
(
i − j+k ) (c)
3
(
i + j−k ) (d)
3
(
i + j+k )
105. Given that u = α (1, 2, 1) + β (1, − 1, 3) . Does there exist α , β ∈ R such that u is parallel to
(1, 5, − 3) ?
(a) Yes, α = 2, β = −1 (b) Yes, α = 1, β = 2 (c) Yes, α = 2, β = −1 (d) No
106. The values of a , for which the points A, B, C with position vectors 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ and
π
a iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ respectively are the vertices of a right-angled triangle with C = are
2
(a) −2 and −1 (b) −2 and 1 (c) 2 and −1 (d) 2 and 1
107. Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + ˆj + kˆ . The unit vector parallel to one of
the diagonals is
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 2 ˆ
(a) −
3
(
i − j+k) (b) 4 ˆj (c) 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ (d)
3
(
i + 2 ˆj + kˆ )
108. If x -coordinate of a point P on the line joining the points Q ( 2, 2, 1) and R ( 5, 2, − 2 ) is 4, then its
z-coordinate is
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
109. The position vectors of the points A and B with respect to O are 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ . The
length of the internal bisector of ∠BOA of ∆AOB is

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 9

124 148 172 136

(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 6 5 3
110. If OACB is a parallelogram with OC = a and AB = b then OA is equal to
1 1 1 1
(a) a + b
2
(b) a + b
2
(c)
2
a −b ( (d) )2
a +b ( )
111. Consider points A, B, C and D with position vectors 7iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ , iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ, − iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and
5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ respectively. Then ABCD is a
(a) rhombus (b) rectangle (c) parallelogram but not a rhombus (d)None of these
112. In a ∆ABC , the points M and N lie on the sides BC and AC such that MB : MC = 2 : 3 and
CN : NA = 1: 4 . Let P be the point of intersection of AM and BN . Let CP (Produced) meet AB at
Q . Find the ratio AQ : QB .
(a) 5 :1 (b) 6 :1 (c) 9 : 2 (d) 11: 2
113. The points A ( 4, 5, 1) , B ( 0, − 1, − 1) , C ( 3, 9, 4 ) and D ( −4, 4, 4 ) are
(a) collinear (b) coplanar
(c) coplanar but non-collinear (d) non-collinear and non-coplanar
114. If A = iˆ + λ ˆj + k , B = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ then for A + B = A + B to be true, the value of λ =
(a) −1 (b) 2 (c) −2 (d) 1
115. Three consecutive vertices of a rhombus have the position vectors
iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ, 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ then the position vector of the fourth vertex is
(a) −3iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ (b) 3iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ (c) 3iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ (d) 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
116. The orthogonal projection vector of a on b is

(a)
a. b
(b)
(
b. a × b ) (c)
( a. b ) a (d)
( a. b ) b
2 2
a b a b

117. The scalar projection of the vector i + ˆj + kˆ along the vector ĵ is

(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 1 (d) 2
118. If OA = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, OB = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ, OC = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ. Then AB. AC is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 21
119. If a = b but a ≠ ± b then

( ) ( )
(a) a + b and a − b are parallel ( ) ( )
(b) a + b ⊥ a − b

(c) ( a + b ) . ( 2a − b ) = 0 (d) ( a + b ) . ( a − b ) = 2 a
2

120. For the unit vectors a and b if a + b = 0, then what is the value of a. b ?
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
121. If the vectors a = (1. x, − 2 ) and b = ( x, 3, − 4 ) are mutually perpendicular, then x is equal to
(a) −4 (b) −2 (c) 2 (d) 4
( )
122. If a = 4iˆ + 8 ˆj − kˆ, b = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ, c = 5iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ, then a b . c is equal to

(a) iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ (b) 7iˆ + 28 ˆj − 7 kˆ (c) 22iˆ + 88 ˆj − 11kˆ (d) 88iˆ + 176 ˆj − 22kˆ
123. For the non-zero vectors x , y if 2 ( x. y ) = x y , then what is the angle between x and y ?

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10 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
π π π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
6 3 2
124. ( a + b ) .( a − b ) = 0 implies that:
(a) a ≠ b (b) a = −b (c) a = b (d) a = b

(
125. If a and b are two non-zero vectors, then a + b . a − b is equal to)( )
2 2
(a) a + b (b) ( a − b ) (c) ( a + b ) (d) a 2 − b 2

126. If b . a = c . a , then (where b ≠ c and a is non –zero vector)

(a) a is parallel to b
(b) a is perpendicular to b − c (c) a is perpendicular to b (d) None of these
127. Find the work done by the force F = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ in displacing an object from r1 = iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ to
r = 3iˆ + 8 ˆj − 5kˆ.
2

(a) 0 units (b) 10 units (c) 15 units (d) 20 units

128. The scalar projection of the vector a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ on the vector b = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ is
2 5 7 10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 2 2 3 2
129. If x and y are unit vectors and x. y = 0, then x + y is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2 2

130. If a. b = − a b , then the angle between a and b is
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 180°
π
131. If a , b , c are three vectors such that a = b + c and the angle between b and c is then:
2
( here a = a , b = b and c = c )
(a) a 2 = b 2 + c 2 (b) 2a 2 − b 2 = c 2 (c) b 2 = c 2 + a 2 (d) 2b 2 − c 2 = a 2
132. If a + b + c = 0 and a = 4, b = 3 and c = 5 then a. b + b . c is equal to
(a) −61 (b) −9 (c) 19 (d) 61
133. If p.v. of A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ, p.v. of B = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ and OA ⊥ OB , then ( a, b, c ) can be equal to

(a) ( 4, 5, 4 ) (b) ( 5, 4, 4 ) (c) ( 4, 4, 5 ) (d) ( 5, 4, 5)

134. If the vectors iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ and iˆ + 3 xjˆ + 2 ykˆ are orthogonal to each other, then the locus of the point
( x, y ) is a/an
(a) straight (b) circle (c) parabola (d) ellipse
135. If the vector 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 5kˆ is perpendicular to ckˆ − ˆj + 6iˆ, then c is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
136. The component of a = 4iˆ + 6 ˆj along b = 3 ˆj + 4kˆ is
18
(a) 36 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
25
( ) (b)
13
(
3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) (c) 18 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
25
( ) (d) 9
5 13
(
3 ˆj + 4kˆ )
137. OA and BO are two vectors of magnitudes 5 and 6 respectively. If ∠BOA = 60°, then OA. OB is
equal to

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 11

(a) −15 3 (b) −15 (c) 15 (d) 15 3

138. If a and b are two adjacent sides of a rhombus, then

(a) a. b = 0 (b) a. a = 0 (c) a × b = 0 (d) a .a = b . b

4 ˆ ˆ ˆ
139. If a = iˆ − ˆj − kˆ and b = λ iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and the orthogonal projection of b on a is
3
( )
i − j − k , then λ is
equal to
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 12
140. If a − b = a = b = 1, then the angle between a and b is
π 3π π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
3 4 2
141. Find the magnitude of the projection of (1, 1, 0 ) in the direction of (1, 2, 2 ) .
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
3
142. If a = 6, b = 8, a − b = 10, then a + b is equal to
(a) 10 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 36
143. If the vectors a = ( 2 cos α , 0, 1) and b = ( −2 cos α , − 1, 1) are orthogonal, then the value of α is
π π π π
(a) nπ ± (b) nπ ± (c) nπ ± (d) nπ ±
4 3 6 2
144. If the vectors aiˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and −iˆ + 5 ˆj + akˆ are perpendicular to each other, then a is equal to
(a) −6 (b) −5 (c) 5 (d) 6
( )
145. If a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = −iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = 3iˆ + ˆj , evaluate t if the vector a + t b and c are mutually

perpendicular.

(a) −5 (b) − 1 (c) 1 (d) 5

5

146. If a + b = a − b , then

(a) a = b (b) a and b are parallel (c) a ⊥ b (d) None of these

147. A constant force F = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ is acting on a particle such that the particle is displaced from the
point (1, 2, 3) to the point ( 3, 4, 5 ) . The work done by the force is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 5
148. If a and b are two vectors such that a = b = 2 and a ⋅ b = −1 , then the angle between a and b
is
π π π 2π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 2 3
149. If xiˆ + ˆj − kˆ, y ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + ˆj + zkˆ are mutually perpendicular vectors, then ( x, y, z ) is
(a) ( −2, − 1, 1) (b) ( −2, 1, − 1) (c) ( 2, − 1, 1) (d) ( 2, 1, − 1)

150. The angle between the vectors 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ and 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ is

(a) 0 (b) π / 4 (c) π / 3 (d) π / 2

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( ) ( )
151. If a = iˆ + ˆj + tkˆ, b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ¸then the values of ‘ t ’ for which a + b and a − b are perpendicular
is
(a) ± 3 (b) ± 2 3 (c) ± 2 2 (d) ± 2

( ) ( )
152. If a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ − ˆj + d kˆ and a + b ⊥ a − b , then the value of d is
(a) ± 1 (b) ± 2 (c) ± 3 (d) ± 4
153. If the position vectors of A, B, C are respectively iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ, 2iˆ + 3 ˆj and 2iˆ − kˆ , then the projection of
AB on BC is equal to
−14 −13 −14 −13
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 27 27
154. If the vectors a = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, b = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ and c = λ iˆ + ˆj + µ kˆ are mutually orthogonal, then ( λ , µ )
is equal to
(a) ( −3, 2 ) (b) ( −2, 3) (c) ( 3, − 2 ) (d) ( 2, − 3)

155. The two variable vectors 3 x iˆ + y ˆj − 3kˆ and x iˆ − 4 y ˆj + 4kˆ are orthogonal to each then, the locus of
( x, y ) is
(a) Circle (b) Parabola (c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola
156. If a = iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, b = −iˆ + kˆ, c = 2iˆ + ˆj , the value of λ such that a + λ c is perpendicular to b is
1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) 0 (d) 1
2
157. The force F = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ acting at a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ is displaced to a unit distance on z -axis ( OZ = 1)
direction. The magnitude of the work done by it is
(a) 2 units (b) 4 units (c) 6 units (d) 10 units
5π −6
158. The angle between a and b is and the scalar projection of a in the direction of b is , then
6 3
a is equal to

1 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 4
2 2

159. If a , b , c are three vectors such that a = 3, b = 4, c = 5 , a + b + c = 0 , then the value of

a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a is
(a) −25 (b) −20 (c) −10 (d) −5
160. The vectors 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ and piˆ + qjˆ + rkˆ are perpendicular when
(a) p = 4, q = 5, r = 4 (b) p = 3, q = 4, r = 5 (c) p = 4, q = 3, r = 5 (d) p = 0, q = 2, r = 5
1
161. If x and y are two unit vectors and π is the angle between them, then x − y is equal to
2
π π
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
4 2
162. Let a and b be two unit vectors such that the angle between them is 60° . Then, a − b is equal to

1 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 2

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163. If a and b are unit vectors and α is the angle between them. Then, a − b will be a unit vector if α is
equal to
π π 2π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 3 2
164. If θ is an acute angle and the vector ( sin θ ) iˆ + ( cos θ ) ˆj is perpendicular to the vector iˆ − 3 ˆj , then θ
is equal to
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
165. If a = −iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, b = 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ and c = −2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ , then the angle between 2a − c and a + b is
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3π
4 3 2
166. Let A, B, C and D be the points ( 3, − 2, 1) , ( 4, − 4, 4 ) , ( 5, 1, − 4 ) and ( 8, − 1, − 3) respectively. If p
denotes the projection of AB on CD , then 7 p 2 + 5 is equal to
(a) 10 (b) 25 (c) 25 (d) 55
5π
167. If the angle between two non-zero vectors a and b is and the magnitude of projection of a on b
6
6
is , then a is equal to
3
3
(a) (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 12
2
168. If a = 3, b = 4 , then a value of λ for which a + λ b , is perpendicular to a − λ b is
3 4 3 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4 16
( )( ) ( )
169. If the vectors aiˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ , iˆ + bjˆ + 2kˆ and 2iˆ + ckˆ are mutually perpendicular, then ( a, b, c ) is

(a) ( −1, − 5, − 1) (b) ( −1, 5, 1) (c) (1, − 5, − 1) (d) (1, 5, − 1)

( ) (
170. The angle between the vectors 2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ and 12iˆ − 4 ˆj + 3kˆ is )
1 1 9 9
(a) cos −1   (b) cos −1   (c) cos −1   (d) cos −1  
9  10   11   91 
a −b
171. If θ is the angle between two unit vectors a and b , then is equal to
2
θ θ
(a) 1 + sin (b) sin (c) 1 + sin θ (d) sin 2θ
2 2
172. If a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ then the angle between the vectors a + b and a − b is
(a) 30° (b) 45° (a) 60° (d) 90°
173. If a , b , c are three mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then a + b + c is equal to
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d) 3 3
3
174. If a , b , c are vectors such that a + b + c = 0 and a = 7 , b = 5, c = 3 , then the angle between the
vectors b and c is

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14 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
)
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90°
1
175. If the scalar projection of the vector xiˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ on the vector 2iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ is , then the value of x
30
is equal to
(a) −6 (b) −3 (c) 3 (d) 6
176. If α and β are two non-zero and different vectors such that α + β = β − α , then the angle
between the vectors α and β is
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
177. If 4 a = 12 b = 3 c = 12 and a + b + c = 0 , then a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a is equal to
(a) −13 (b) −8 (c) 8 (d) 13
( )(
178. If the angle between the unit vectors a and b be 60° , then 2a − 3b ⋅ 4a + b is equal to )
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 15
179. If P = ( 0, 1, 2 ) , Q = ( 4, − 2, 1) , O = ( 0, 0, 0 ) , then ∠POQ is equal to
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
180. The values of c so that for all real x , then vectors cx iˆ − 6 ˆj + 3kˆ , x iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2cx kˆ make an obtuse
angle, are
4 4
(a) c < 0 (b) c > 0 (c) 0 < c < (d) − < c < 0
3 3
181. A particle is displaced form the point A ( 5, − 5, − 7 ) to the point B ( 6, 2, − 2 ) under the influence of
the forces P1 = 10 iˆ − ˆj + 11kˆ , P2 = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 6kˆ, P3 = −2iˆ + ˆj − 9kˆ . The work done is
(a) 81 (b) 83 (c) 85 (d) 87
182. If the position vectors of A, B and C (which are vertices of a ∆ ) are respectively

2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ and 3iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ, then cos 2 A is equal to

6 35
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
41 41
183. Suppose a = λ iˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = λ iˆ + ˆj + 2λ kˆ . If the angle between a and b is greater than 90° , then
λ satisfies the inequality
(a) −7 < λ < 1 (b) −7 < λ < −1 (c) 1 < λ < 7 (d) λ > 1
184. If x = 3iˆ + ˆj , y = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and z = −iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ , then x is perpendicular to y + λ z if λ is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10
185. If a and b are two unit vectors and α is the angle between them, then the resultant of a and b will
1+ 3
be a vector of length , if α is equal to
2
π π π 2π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 3
186. If a , b , c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then a + b − c equals

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 2

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 15

187. If A, B, C , D are the points ( 2, 3, − 1) , ( 3, 5, − 3) , (1, 2, 3) , ( 3, 5, 7 ) respectively, then the angle

between AB and CD is
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2
188. The cosine of the angle A of the triangle with vertices A (1, − 1, 2 ) , B ( 6, 11, 2 ) and C (1, 2, 6 ) is
13 13 36 63
(a) (b) (c) (d)
64 65 65 65
189. For what values of α , the two vectors α iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and 2α iˆ + α ˆj − 4kˆ are perpendicular to each
other?
(a) −1, 2 (b) −2, 3 (c) −3, 1 (d) 2, − 2
190. If the projections of PQ on OX , OY , OZ are respectively 12, 3 and 4, then the magnitude of PQ is
(a) 13 (b) 16 (c) 19 (d) 144
191. The non-zero vectors a , b and c are related by a = 8 b and c = −7b . Then, the angle between a and
c is
π π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) π
4 2
192. A particle is acted on by a force of 6 units in the direction 9iˆ + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ and is displaced from the point
3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 15kˆ to the point 7iˆ − 6 ˆj + 8kˆ . The work done is
(a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18
nˆ1 + nˆ2
193. Let nˆ1 , nˆ2 be unit vectors inclined at 60° at each other then equals
nˆ1 − nˆ2
3 3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 3 (d)
2 2
194. Which of the following is false for non-zero vectors a and b ?
(a) If a + b = a − b , then a ⊥ b (b) If iˆ + ˆj and xiˆ + kˆ are perpendicular, then x = 0

(c) If ( ∆ − 1) iˆ − kˆ and iˆ + kˆ are parallel, then ∆ = 1. (d) a , b and a + b are coplanar.

π π
195. A unit vector a makes angles with iˆ, with ĵ and an acute angle θ with kˆ, then θ and a are
4 3
π 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ π 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ π 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ π 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
6 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
1
196. Two unit vectors a and b are inclined at an angle of cos −1   . Another vector c is such that c = 4
4
and c − 2b = ka. The value of k are
(a) k = −3, k = 2 (b) k = 3, k = −4 (c) k = −2, k = 4 (d) k = −3, k = 3
197. Forces acting on a particle have magnitudes of 5, 3, 1 units and act in the directions of
6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ and 2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ respectively. They remain constant while the particle is
displaced from ( 2, − 2, 3) to ( 5, 5, 7 ) . The work done is
(a) 18 (b) 26 (c) 34 (d) 42
198. The value of a × b + b × a is

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16 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) 1 (b) 2 a × b (c) 2 a + b (d) None of these

199. If a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and b = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ, then a × b is equal to

(a) iˆ − 2kˆ (b) iˆ + 2kˆ (c) iˆ − 10 ˆj − 8kˆ (d) iˆ + 10 ˆj − 18kˆ
200. If AB × AC = 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4kˆ, then the area of ∆ABC is
(a) 6 sq. units (b) 9 sq. units (c) 3 sq. units (d) 16 sq. units
201. Find x × x for any non-zero vectors x
2
(a) x (b) A non zero vector (c) zero (d) 0

( )
202. For any three vectors a , b , c , a × b + c + b × ( c + a ) + c × a + b is equal to ( )
(a) 0 (b) a + b + c (
(c) a. b × c ) (
(d) a × b × c )
203. If a is a vector perpendicular to both b and c , then

(
(a) a + b × c = 0 ) (
(b) a × b + c = 0 ) (
(c) a. b × c = 0 ) (
(d) a × b × c = 0 )
204. If a = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ , then a × b is

(a) 11 2 (b) 11 3 (c) 11 5 (d) 11 7

205. If a is a unit vector perpendicular to b and c , then the second unit vector perpendicular to b and c
is
(a) − a (
(b) − b × c ) ( )
(c) a × b × ( a × c ) (d) a × b × c ( )
206. If a and b are unit vectors and a × b = 1, then the angle between a and b is
π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
4 2 3
( ) (
207. If a = 2iˆ + ˆj , b = ˆj − kˆ and c = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ then a + b × b + c is equal to )
(a) iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ (b) iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ (c) 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ (d) 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ
208. A force F = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ acts at a point A whose position vector is 2iˆ − ˆj. Then, the moment of F
about the origin is
(a) iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ (b) iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ (c) iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ (d) iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ
209. If a × b = a ⋅ b , then the angle between a and b is
π π 2π
(a) (b) (c) π (d)
4 2 3
(
210. For any two vectors a and b , the vector a − b × a + b is equal to ) ( )
(
(a) a × b ) (
(b) b × a ) (
(c) 2 a × b ) (
(d) 2 b × a )
211. The position vectors of three points are iˆ, iˆ + 2 ˆj and iˆ + 3kˆ What is the area of the triangle formed by
these three points?
(a) 3 (b) 3 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
2 2
212. If a × b = 4 and a. b = 2, then a b is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 20
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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 17

( a × b ) + ( a. b )
2 2
213. is equal to

(a) 1 (b) a 2b 2 (c) 2 a. b (d) a 2 + b 2

214. If a = 5, b = 6 and a. b = −25, then a × b is equal to

(a) 6 11 (b) 11 5 (c) 11 6 (d) 5 11

( a × b ) + (b. a )
2 2
215. equals
2 2 2 2
(a) 0 (b) a b (c) a b (d) a + b

( ) (
216. If a , b are two vectors, then a + b × a − b + b × 2a + 3b is equal to ) ( )
(a) a × b (b) 2a × b
(c) 3b × a (d) 4b × a
217. The area of the triangle OAB, where OA = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and OB = iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ, is
1 1 2 3
(a) 10 sq units (b) 10 sq unit (c) 10 sq units (d) 10 sq units
3 2 3 2
218. If a , b are any two vectors, then ( 2a + 3b ) × ( 5a + 7b ) + ( a × b ) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) a × b (c) b × a (
(d) 30 a × b )
219. For non-zero vectors x , y ∈ R 3 if x ⋅ y = x y , then what is x × y equal to ?

(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) a unit vector (d) x y

220. The area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are represented by the vectors d1 = 4iˆ − ˆj − 3kˆ and ( )
(
d 2 = −2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ , is )
9 11 13 15
(a) sq. units (b) sq. units (c) sq. units sq. units
2 2 2 2
221. The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to the vectors p = (1, 1, 0 ) and q = ( 0, 1, 1) is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite

( a × b ) + ( a .b )
2 2

222. The value of is

2a 2 b 2
1 3 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 3 3
223. If a = xiˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj + ykˆ and a × b = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ, is equal to
(a) x = −2, y = −2 (b) x = −2, y = 2 (c) x = 2, y = −2 (d) x = 2, y = 2
2 2
224. If a × b + a. b = 144 and a = 4, then b is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 12
225. The unit vector normal to iˆ + 2 ˆj and ˆj − 2kˆ is
1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
(a)
2
(
j+k ) (b)
3
(
i + j−k( ) ) (d) 121 ( −4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ )
(c)
14
i − 3 j + 2kˆ

226. A vector of magnitude 5 and perpendicular to ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ) and ( 2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ ) is

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18 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
5 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ 5 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ 5 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ 5 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a)
3
−i + j + k( )
(b)
3
(
i − j + k (c)
3
)
i + j−k (d) (3
i + j+k ) ( )
227. If ∆ABC , AB = riˆ + ˆj , AC = siˆ − ˆj. If the area of the triangle is of unit magnitude, then
(a) r − s = 1 (b) r + s = 1 (c) r − s = 2 (d) r + s = 2
2
228. Given that a = 3, b = 4, a × b = 10, then a. b equals
(a) 11 (b) 22 (c) 44 (d) 88
229. Find the area of the triangle ABC by using vectors, when vertices are given by
A (1, 1, 2 ) , B ( 2, 3, 5 ) , C (1, 3, 4 ) .

3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
2
230. The area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and
b = −3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ is equal to
(a) 6 5 sq. units (b) 8 5 sq. units (c) 9 5 sq. units
(d) 17 15 sq units
231. The area of triangle whose two sides are represented by the vectors a = 3iˆ − kˆ and b = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj is
5 6 13 7 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 7
2 2 2
232. If a = 5, b = 6, a ⋅ b = 24, then a × b is equal to

(a) 18 (b) 224 (c) 254 (d) 300

233. The area of a triangle whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors (iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) and

( −3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) is equal to
(a) 2 5 (b) 3 5 (c) 4 5 (d) 6 5
234. The area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ( )
(
and iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , is )
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 3 (c) 4 2 (d) 4 3
235. The unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors ( 2, − 1, 1) and ( 3, 4, − 1) is
1 1 1 1
(a) ( 3, − 1, 1) (b) ( 5, 3, 0 ) (c) ( 6, − 4, − 11) (d) ( −3, 5, 11)
11 34 53 155

( ) ( )
2
236. Vectors a and b are inclined at an angle θ = 120°. If a = 1, b = 2, then  a + 3b × 3a + b  is
 
equal to
(a) 186 (b) 192 (c) 198 (d) 204
237. A unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a = 2iˆ − 6 ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ is
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 1 ˆ
(a)
35
(
5i − 7 ˆj + 4kˆ )
7
( )
3i − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ (c) 5iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
(b)
5
(d)(14
2i + 7 ˆj − 6kˆ) ( )
238. The moment of a force 4iˆ + kˆ acting through the point iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ about the point 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ is equal to
(a) −2iˆ + 13 ˆj + 8kˆ (b) −iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ (c) iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ (d) 2iˆ − 13 ˆj − 8kˆ
239. The area of ∆ABC with vertices A (1, − 1, 2 ) , B ( 2, 1, − 1) and C ( 3, − 1, 2 ) is

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 19

(a) 3 6 (b) 13 2 (c) 13 (d) 15 3

240. If a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = ˆj + kˆ and c = iˆ − kˆ , then the vector area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are
a + b and b + c will be
(a) −iˆ + ˆj + kˆ (b) iˆ − ˆj + kˆ (c) iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (d) iˆ + ˆj + kˆ

(a × b )
2
241. is equal to

( ) ( )
2
(a) a 2 b 2 − a. b (b) a 2 b 2 − a. b (c) a 2 b 2 − 2a. b (d) a 2 b 2 + 2a . b

242. The area of the triangle having vertices as iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ, 4iˆ − 7 ˆj + 7 kˆ is
(a) 0 sq. unit (b) 11 sq. unit
(c) 36 sq unit (d) 39 sq. unit
3 1
243. The area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are iˆ + ˆj − kˆ and 2iˆ − 6 ˆj + 8kˆ is
2 2
(a) 5 2 (c) 25 2
(b) 5 3 (d) 25 3
244. A unit vector perpendicular to the vectors 4iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ and −2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ is
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
(a)
3
(−i − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
3
)
−i + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ (c)
(b)
3
(
2i − j + 2kˆ ) (d)
3
(2i + j + 2kˆ ) ( )
245. Two sides of a triangle are the vectors 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and 10iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ . The area of the triangle is
(a) 47 sq. units (b) 84 sq. units (c) 2 74 sq. units (d) 8 2 sq. units
246. A vector perpendicular to the plane containing the points A (1, − 1, 2 ) , B ( 2, 0, − 1) , C ( 0, 2, 1) is

(a) iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (b) 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ (c) 4iˆ + 8 ˆj − 4kˆ (d) 8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ
247. The sine of the angle between the vectors iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ is
5 3 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 14 2 7 14
248. Let u = iˆ + ˆj , v = iˆ − ˆj and w = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ. If n̂ is a unit vector such that u . nˆ = 0 and v ⋅ nˆ = 0
then w. nˆ is equal to
(a) 0 (b)1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(
249. a. b × c equals )
(a) b . ( c × a ) (b) b . ( a × c ) (
(c) c . b × a ) (d) None of these

( ) ( ) (
250. iˆ ⋅ ˆj × kˆ + ˆj ⋅ kˆ × iˆ + kˆ ⋅ iˆ × ˆj equals )
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(
251. a ⋅ a × b is equal to )
(a) 0 (b) a. b (c) a 2 + ab (d) a 2b

(
252. A. B. C is ) (where . denotes scalar product of vectors)
(a) a scalar (b) a vector (c) a tensor (d) meaningless
253. If a vector α lies in the plane of β and γ , then which is correct?
(a) α β γ  = −1 (b) α β γ  = 0 (c) α β γ  = 1 (d) α β γ  = 2

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20 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
254. iˆ − ˆj ˆj − kˆ kˆ − iˆ  is equal to
 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
255. Which one of the following is not equal to  a b c  ?

(
(a) a × b . c ) (
(b) a. b × c ) (
(c) b × c . a ) (d) ( a × c ) . b

( )
256. If a = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, then a × a. b is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 7 2 (c) 3 14 (d) None of these

257. If u and v are two vectors such that u × v = 2, then [u v u × v ] is equal to
1
(a) (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2 2
2
258. If iˆ − 2 ˆj , 3 ˆj + kˆ and λ iˆ + 3 ˆj are coplanar, then λ is equal to
3 1
(a) − (b) −1 (c) (d) 2
2 2
(
259. If a = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ, b = 6iˆ + 4 ˆj − 2kˆ, c = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ, then a . b × c is)
(a) −144 (b) −120 (c) −86 (d) −48
260. For what value of λ , the vectors a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = 2iˆ − 4kˆ, c = iˆ + λ ˆj + 3kˆ are coplanar ?
1 2 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
( ) (
261. a.  b + c × a + b + c  equals
  )
1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) 0 (d) 1
2
262. The volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are represented by the vectors
a = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and c = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, is
(a) 10 cubic units (b) 11 cubic units (c) 13 cubic units (d) 14 cubic units
263. For three vectors u , v , w which of the following expressions not equal to any of the remaining three ?
(a) u. ( v × w ) (b) ( v × w) . u (c) v . ( u × w) (d) ( u × v ) . w

264. If a = ( 2, − 3, − 7 ) , b = ( 3, − 1, 2 ) , c = ( 4, 5, − 1) , then the scalar triple product  a b c  is equal to

(a) −216 (b) −184 (c) −142 (d) −98
( ) ( )
265. c .  b + c × a + b + c  is equal to
 
(a) 0 (b) c . b × a (c) a. b × c (d) c . a × b
266. Volume of a parallelopiped with its edges represented by the vectors iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + 2 ˆj and iˆ + ˆj + π kˆ is
equal to
π
(a) 1 + π  cubic units (b)  π − 1 cubic units (c) cubic units (d) π cubic units
 2 2  2
267. The volume of the parallelopiped whose coterminous edges are represented by the vectors
a = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ, b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and c = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ , is
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 13

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 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 21
268. The volume of the tetrahedron with vertices ( 0, 0, 0 ) , (1, 0, 0 ) , ( 0, 1, 0 ) and ( 0, 0, 1) in cubic units is
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
12 6 3
269. iˆ kˆ ˆj  +  kˆ ˆj iˆ  +  ˆj kˆ iˆ  is equal to
  
(a) −3 (b) −2 (c) −1 (d) 3
270. If a , b , c are any three coplanar unit vectors, then

(
(a) a. b × c = 1 ) ( )
(b) a. b × c = 3 ( )
(c) b × c . c = 0 (d) ( c × a ) . b = 1

271. The volume (in cubic units) of the tetrahedron with edges iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ is
1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 4
6 3 3
272. If the volume of parallolopiped with coterminous edges 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ, − ˆj + kˆ and 3iˆ + 9 ˆj + pkˆ, is 34
cubic units, then p is equal to
(a) −13 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 13
273. Let a = iˆ − kˆ, b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1 − x ) kˆ and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x − y ) kˆ. Then,  a b c  depends on
(a) only x (b) only y (c) both x and y (d) neither x nor y

274. If a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors, then the value of

(
a. b × c ) + b. ( a × c ) is
( c × a ) .b c. ( a × b )
(a) −2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
275. The vectors a = iˆ + ˆj + mkˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj + ( m + 1) kˆ and c = iˆ − ˆj + mkˆ are coplanar if m is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4
(d) no value of m for which the vectors are coplanar
2
276. The volume of the tetrahedron having the edges iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ, iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − ˆj + λ kˆ as coterminous, is
3
cubic units. Then, λ is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
277. Find the value of ( 3 p − 4q + 6r ) . ( p × q ) + ( 2 p − 3q + r ) . ( q × r ) + (11 p − 6q + 7r ) . ( r × p ) ,
if ( p × q ) . r = 6
(a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
278. For any three non-zero non-coplanar vectors a , b , c , b × c c × a a × b  is equal to
2 3
(a) 2  a b c  (b) 3  a b c  (c)  a b c  (d)  a b c 

279. If u , v and w are three non-coplanar vectors, then ( u + v − w ) . ( u − v ) × ( u − w ) equals

(a) 0 (b) 3u . ( w × v ) (c) u . w (d) u. ( v × w )
280. Pick out the false statement
(
(a) iˆ. ˆj + kˆ = 0 )
(b) iˆ × ˆj. kˆ = 1 (c) a × b . c = b × c . a ( ) ( )
(d) a + b × a − b = a 2 + b 2

281. If a , b , c are three vectors such that a = 4, b = 5, c = 6 then  a − b b − c c − a  is equal to

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 54 (d) 120

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22 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
282. If one of the vertices of a parallelepiped is origin and its edges are OA, OB and OC , where
A ( 4, 3, 1) , B ( 3, 1, 2 ) and C ( 5, 2, 1) , then find the volume of this parallelepiped.
(a) 8 cubic units (b) 9 cubic units (c) 10 cubic units
(d) 12 cubic units
283. The volume of a tetrahedron the position vectors of whose vertices are 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, 7iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ,
iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ and −iˆ − 3 ˆj + 7 kˆ is
(d) ( m3 + n 3 )
3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ( m + n )
284. For the tetrahedron VABC , what is the volume of the tetrahedron having the vertices as
V ( 4, 5, 1) , A ( 0, − 1, − 1) , B (1, 2, 3) , C ( 4, 4, 4 ) ?
16 32
(a) (b) 8 (c) (d) 16
3 3
285. If a, b , c are three mutually perpendicular vectors and a = 1, b = 3and c = 5, then
 a − 2b b − 3c c − 4a  is equal to
 
(a) −345 (b) −215 (c) −124 (d) −4
286. The volume of the tetrahedron with vertices ( 2, 1, 0 ) , ( 6, − 2, 2 ) , ( 5, 3, − 1) and ( 5, 0, 2 ) is
7
(a) (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 25
2
287. Let a , b and c be three vectors. Then, scalar triple product  a b c  is equal to

(a) b a c  (b)  a c b  (c) c b a  (d) b c a 

288. The number of distinct real values of λ , for which the vectors −λ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − λ 2 ˆj + kˆ and
iˆ + ˆj − λ 2 kˆ are coplanar, is
(a) zero (b) one (c) two (d)three
289. If the volume of the parallelopiped with a. b and c as coterminous edges is 40 cubic units, then the
volume of the parallelopiped having b + c , c + a and a + b as coterminuous edges in cubic units is
(a) 40 (b) 80 (c) 120 (d) 160
290. If a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and c = 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ , then a × b × c ( ) is equal to

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 10

291. The vector a × b × c is ( )
(a) parallel to a (b) perpendicular to a (c) parallel to b (d) perpendicular to b
(
292. If a = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ, c = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, then a × b × c equals )
(a) 0 (b) 5iˆ − 7 ˆj − 3kˆ (c) 5iˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ (d) 5iˆ + 7 ˆj − 3kˆ

( ) ( ) ( )
293. iˆ × ˆj × kˆ + ˆj × kˆ × iˆ + kˆ × iˆ × ˆj is equal to

(a) 0 (b) iˆ × ˆj (c) ĵ × kˆ (d) kˆ × iˆ

( )
294. The vector a × b × c is coplanar with the vectors

(a) a , b (b) b , c (c) c , a (d) a , b , c

295. If x = (1, 1, 2 ) , y = (1, 2, 1) and z = ( 2, 1, 1) , then x × ( y × z ) is equal to

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 23
(a) ( −5, − 5, − 5) (b) ( −5, 5, 5) (c) ( −5, 5, 0 ) (d) ( 5, 5, 5 )

296. The value of a × b × c is ( )

( )
(a) a. b c + ( a. c ) b ( )
(b) a. b c − ( a. c ) b (c) ( a. c ) b − a. b c( ) (d) ( a. c ) b + a. b c ( )
297. For any three vectors a , b , c , the expression  a × b b ×c c × a  is equal to

( ) ( )
2 2
(a) a + b + c (b) a + b + c (c)  a b c  (d)  a b c 

298. If α = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ, β = −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ, γ = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, then what is the value of α × β . (α × γ ) ? ( )
(a) −74 (b) −62 (c) −48 (d) −13
299. If a , b , c and a ', b ', c ' form a reciprocal system of vectors, then the value of

( )
a ' × b ' × c ' + b ' × ( c ' × a′ ) + c ' × a ' × b ' is ( )
(a) 0 (
(b) a + b + c ) (c)
(a + b + c ) (d)
(a + b + c )
2
a b c  a b c 
 
300. Find a unit vector parallel to the sum of the vectors a = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ .
1 1 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
(a)
7
(
−3iˆ + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ ) (b)
7
(
−3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ ) (c)
7
(
3i + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ ) (d)
7
(
3i + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ )
301. The position vector of a point which divides the join of the points 2a − 3b and 3a − 2b internally in
the ratio 2 : 3 is
4 7 12 13 7 8 9 4
(a) a − b (b) a− b (c) a − b (d) a − b
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
302. Three points with position vectors a , b , c will be collinear if there exist scalars x, y, z such that
(a) xa + yb = zc (b) xa + yb + zc = 0
(c) xa + y b + zc = 0, where x + y + z = 0 (d) xa + yb = c .
303. The position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a ∆ABC are iˆ − ˆj − 3kˆ, 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and −5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 6kˆ
respectively The length of the bisector AD of the angle ∠BAC where D is on the line segment BC ,is
15 11 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
2 2 4
( ) ( ) ( )
304. If the points P a + 2b + c , Q 2a + 3b , R b + tc are collinear where a , b , c are three non –coplanar
vectors the value of t is
(a) −2 (b) −1/ 2 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 2
305. A vector coplanar with vectors iˆ + ˆj and ĵ + kˆ and parallel to the vector 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ , is
(a) iˆ − kˆ (b) iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ (c) iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (d) 3iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ
306. If a , b are vectors forming consecutive sides of a regular hexagon ABCDEF then vector representing
side CD is
(a) a + b (b) a − b (c) b − a (
(d) − a + b )
307. If OACB is a parallelogram with OC = a and AC = b , then OA =
1 1
(a) a + b (b) a − b (c)
2
(b −a ) (d)
2
(
a −b )
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24 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
308. Let G be the centroid of ∆ΑΒC. If AB = a , AC = b , then AG, in terms of a and b is

(a) 2 ( a + b ) (b) 1 ( a + b ) (c) 1 ( a + b ) (d) 1 ( a + b )

3 6 3 2
309. If the points with position vectors 20iˆ + pjˆ,5iˆ − ˆj and 10iˆ − 13 ˆj are collinear ,then p =
(a) 7 (b) −37 (c) −7 (d) 37
310. If the position vectors of a point A is a + 2b position vector of B is c and position vector of a point
P dividing AB internally in the ratio 2:3 , them the position vector of B is
(a) 2a − b (b) b − 2a (c) a − 3b (d) b
( ) ( ) ( )
311. If points A 60iˆ + 3 ˆj , B 40iˆ − 8 ˆj and C aiˆ − 52 ˆj are collinear , then ‘a’ is equal to
(a) 40 (b) −40 (c) 20 (d) −20
312. Let OA = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and OB = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ. The vectors OC bisecting the angle AOB and C being a
point on the line AB is

(
(a) 4 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) (
(b) 2 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) (c) iˆ + ˆj − kˆ (d) none of these

313. If r = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ, a = 2 ˆj − ˆj + kˆ, b = ˆj + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and c = −2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ such that r = xa + yb + zc then
x
(a) x, y, z are in AP (b) x, y, z are in GP (c) x, y, z are in HP (d) y , z are in AP
2
( ) (
314. If a , b are non – collinear vectors and x, y are scalars such that 2a − b x + 2b − a y + a + 2b = 0 ,then ) ( )
−4 −5
(a) 2a = b and 2b = a (b) x = ,y= (c) a = 0, b = 0 (d) x = 0, y = 0
3 3
315. If a = −3iˆ + njˆ + 4kˆ and b = −2iˆ + 4 ˆj + pkˆ are collinear, then
−8 8
(a) n = ,p=6 (b) n = 6, p = (c) n = 18, p = −24 (d) n = −3, p = 48
3 3
316. If ABCD is a square, then AB + 2 BC + 3CD + 4 DA =
(a) 4 AC (b) 3 AC (c) 2CA (d) AC
317. If A ( a, 2, −2 ) , B ( a, b,1) and C (1, 2, −2 ) are vertices of ∆ ABC whose centroid is G ( 2,1, c ) , then
( a, b, c ) ≡
5
(a) ( 5, −2, −2 ) (b)  5 , −1, −1 (c)  ,1, −1 (d) ( 5, −1, −1)
2  2 

( )
318. If points A ( a ) , B b and C ( c ) are such that 2a + 3b − 5c = 0 , then their relative positions are
(a) A − B − C (b) B − A − C (c) A − C − B (d) C − A − B
319. A, B have position vectors a, b relation to the origin O and X, Y divide AB internally in the ratio 2:1,
then XY is equal to
3 4 4 5
(a) (a − b) (b) (b − 2a ) (c) (b − a ) s (d) (b − a )
2 3 3 6
320. If a and b are position vectors of the points A and B respectively, then what is the poition vector of
point C on AB produced such that AC = 2 AB ?
(a) a − 2b (b) a − b (c) 2a − b (d) 2b − a
321. In a regular pentagon value of AB + AE + BC + DC + ED + AC is

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 25

(a) 2AC (b) 3AC (c) AD (d) 2CA

322. Let a and b be the position vectors of A and B respectively. If C is the point 3a − 2b then which one
of the following is correct?
(a) C is in between A and B (b) A is in between C and B
(c) B is in between A and C (d) A, B, C are not collinear
323. The point D, E, F divides BC, CA and AB of the ∆ ABC in the ratio 1:3, 3:2 and 3:7 respectively and
the point k divides AB in the ratio 1:3 then ( AD + BE + CF ) = λ CK then λ = ..........
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:5 (c) 5:2 (d) None of these
324. If a, b are the position vectors of points A and B with respect to O respectively. BA is produced to C
such that BC = 2 BA then position vector of point C with respect to origin is
(a) 2a − 3b (b) 2a − b (c) 3b + 2a (d) None of these
325. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = λ AD, then λ
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
326. ABCD is a quadrilateral P, Q are the mid – points of BC and AD, then AB + DC is equal to
(a) 3OP (b) OP (c) 4OP (d) 2QP
327. A and B are two points. The position vector of A is 6b − 2a. A point P divides the line AB in the ratio
1:2 if a − b is the position vector of P, then the position vector of B is given by
(a) 7a − 15b (b) 7a + 15b (c) 15a − 7b (d) 15a + 7b
328. If AO + OB = OC then A, B, C from
(a) Equilateral triangle (b) right angled triangle (c) isosceles triangle (d) line
329. Five points given by A, B, C, D, E are in a plane. Three forces AC , AD and AE act at A and Three
forces CB, DB, EB act at B. Then their resultant is
(a) 2AC (b) 3AB (c) 3DB (d) 2BC
330. The position vectors of four points P, Q, R, S are 2a + 4c, 5a + 3 3 b + 4c, −2 3 b + c and 2a + c
respectively, then
(a) PQ is parallel to RS (b) PQ is not parallel to RS
(c) PQ is equal to RS (d) PQ is parallel and equal to RS
331. The point B divides the chord AC of a quadrant of a circle in the ratio 1:2. If O I the center and
OA = a and OB = b, then the vector OC is
(a) b − 2a (b) 2a − b (c) 3b − 2a (d) None of these
332. 3OD + DA + DB + DC is equal to
(a) OA + OB − OC (b) OA + OB − BD (c) OA + OB + OC (d) None of these
333. Let the the vectors p = ( X + 4Y )a + (2 X + Y + 1)b, q = ( y − 2 x + 2 ) a + ( 2 x − 3 y − 1) b , where a and
b are non – collinear vectors. If 3 p = 2q, then the value of X and Y will be
(a) -1, 2 (b) 2, -1 (c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 1
334. If a, b and c be three non – zero vectors, no two of which are collinear If the vectors a + 2b is
collinear with c and b + 3c is collinear with a, then ( λ being some non – zero scalar) a + 2b + 6c is
equal to
(a) λ a (b) λ b (c) λ c (d) 0

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26 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
335. The position vectors of the points A and B are a and b respectively P divides AB in the ratio 3:1. Q is
the mid – point of AP. The position vectors of Q is
5a + 3b a + 3b 3a + 5b 3a + b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 4 8 4
336. If A, B, C and D have position vectors a, b, c, d such that a − b = 2(d − c), then
(a) AB and CD trisect each other (b) AC and BD trisect each other
(c) AB and CD bisect each other (d) AC and BD bisect each other
337. Vectors a, b, c are such that every pair is non collinear and the vector a + b is collinear with c and the
vector b + c is collinear with a, then a + b + c (equals for some non – zero λ )
(a) λ a (b) 0 (d) λ b (d) λ c
338. Projection of 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ along iˆ − ˆj + kˆ is
(a) 2 / 3 (b) 1 / 3(c) 3 (d) 2 3
339. Area of parallelogram ABCD , when AB = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and BD = −iˆ + ˆj is
(a) 1 sq unit (b) 6 sq units (c) 3 sq units (d) None of these
340. Angle between the vectors a = −iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and b = xiˆ + ˆj + ( x + 1) kˆ
(a) is obtuse angle (b) is acute angle (c) is right angle (d) depends on x
341. If a and b are position vectors of the points A and B respectively , what is the position vector of a
point C on AB produced such that AC = 2 AB ?
(a) 2a − b (b) 2b − a (c) a − 2b (d) a − b

( ) + ( a.b )
2 2
342. If a × b = 144 and a = 4, then b is equal to
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 3 (d) 12
343. If xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ is a unit vector and x : y : z = 3 : 2 : 3, what is the value of z ?
3 3
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d) 2
16 4
( )
344. If a = iˆ − kˆ, b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1 − x ) kˆ and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x − y ) kˆ, then a . b × c depends upon
(a) x only (b) y only (c) both x and y (d) Neither x nor y
2 2
345. If a × b + a.b = 144 and a = 4, then b is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
346. The magnitude of the vectors a and b are equal and the angle between them is 60° . If the vectors
λ a + b and a − λb are perpendicular to each other them , what is the value of λ ?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
347. What is the area of the rectangle having vertices A , B , C and D with position vectors
1 1 1 1
−iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ, iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ, iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ and iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ?
2 2 2 2
(a) ½ sq unit (b) 1 sq unit (c) 2 sq units (d) 4 sq units
348. If ABCDEF is a regular hexagon and AB + AC + AD + AE + AF = λ AD, then λ is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6

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26 Office.: 606 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 27

349. Let a = (1, −2,3) and b = ( 3,1, 2 ) be two vectors and c be a vector of length 1 and parallel and in the

( )
same direction of a + b . What is the value of c ?
1 1 1
(a) ( −2, −3,1) (b) (1, 0,1) (c) ( −5, −4, −1) (d) None of these
14 2 42
350. If r1 = λ iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and r2 = iˆ ( 2 − λ ) ˆj + 2kˆ are such that r1 > r2 , then λ satisfies , which one of the
following ?
(a) λ = 0 (b) λ = 1 (c) λ < 1 (d) λ > 1
351. What is the value of m , if the vectors 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and 3iˆ + mjˆ + 5kˆ are coplanar ?
(a) −2 (b) 2 (c) −4 (d) 4
352. What is the value of λ , if the triangle has vertices iˆ, ˆj and iˆ + ˆj + λ kˆ, will be right angled ?
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) −1 (d) 1
353. If in a ∆ OAC , B is the mid point of AC and OA = a and OB = b , then what is the value of OC ?

(
(a) a + b / 2 ) (b) 2b − 2a (c) 2b − a (d) 3a − 2b

354. OAB is a given triangle such that OA = a , OB = b . Also , C is a point on AB such that AB = 2 BC.
What is the value of AC ?
1 1 3 3
(a)
2
b −a ( )
(b)
2
b +a (
(c)
2
)
a −b (d)
2
(
b −a ) ( )
355. If a and b are two unit vectors inclined at an angle 60° to each other , which one of the following is
correct ?
(a) a + b < 1 (b) a + b > 1 (c) a − b < 1 (d) a − b > 1

356. If a is a position vector of a point (1, −3) and A is another point ( −1,5 ) , what are the coordinates of
the point B such that AB = a ?
(a) ( 2, 0 ) (b) ( 0, 2 ) (c) ( −2, 0 ) (d) ( 0, −2 )
π 1
357. If two unit vectors p and q make an angle with each other , what is the magnitude of p − q ?
3 2
3
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 1
2 2

358. What is the locus of the point ( x, y ) for which the vectors (iˆ − xjˆ − 2kˆ ) and ( 2iˆ + ˆj + ykˆ ) are
orthogonal ?
(a) A circle (b) An ellipse (c) A parabola (d) A straight line
359. Which one of the following is correct? If the vector c is normal to the vectors a and b , then c is
(a) parallel to both a + b and a − b . (b) normal to a − b and parallel to a + b .
(c) normal to a + b and parallel to a − b . (d) normal of both a + b and a − b .
360. If the vectors −iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ and iˆ − 3 xjˆ − 2 ykˆ are orthogonal to each other , what is the locus of the
point ( x, y ) ?
(a) A straight line (b) An ellipse (c) A parabola (d) A circle
361. If vectors a , b and c are mutually perpendicular vectors such that a = b = 10, c = 1, then the length
of vectors 2a + 2b + 40c is

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28 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
(a) 20 (b) 20 6 (c) 40 6(d) None of these
362. If the points A , B , C and D with position vectors iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ, iˆ + 2 ˆj + 5kˆ and λiˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
are coplanar , then λ is equal to
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) None of these
363. a = 10, b = 2 and a ⋅ b = 12, then what is the value of a × b ?
(a) 12 (b) 16 (c) 20 (d) 24
364. If a = ( 2,1, −1) , b = (1, −1, 0 ) , c = ( 5, −1,1) , then what is the unit vector parallel to a + b − c in the
opposite direction ?
iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
3 3 3
365. The vector 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is rotated about origin through an angle θ and becomes 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ Then ,
angle θ is
 16  43 33  37 
(a) θ = cos −1   (b) θ = sin −1 (c) θ = sin −1 (d) θ = tan −1 
 17  17 27  16 
 
366. The projection of the vector 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ on the line passing through the points ( 2,3, −1) and
( −2, −4,3) is
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
367. If P , Q and R are the mid – points of the sides AB, BC and CA, respectively of a ∆ ΑΒC and if a ,
p and q are the position vectors of A , P and Q respectively , what is the position vectors of R ?
a ( p − q)
(a) 2a − ( p − q ) (b) ( p − q ) − 2a (c) a − ( p − q )
− (d)
2 2
368. In a ∆ PQR, the position vectors of the points Q and R are 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, respectively .
S and T are the middle points of PQ and PR , respectively .What is the length of ST?
51 21
(a) 51 units (b) units (c) units (d) 21 units
2 2
2 2 2
369. If a × b = kˆ a.b + a b , then what is the value of k ?
2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) −1

370. Let u = iˆ + ˆj , v = iˆ − ˆj and w = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ . If n̂ is a unit vector such that u . nˆ = 0 and v . nˆ = 0 , then
w . nˆ is equal to :
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
371. Two co-terminus vectors a and b include at an angle of 60°. If a = b = c , then the length of the
diagonal of the parallelogram formed by a and b that does not include the co-terminus point is :
(a) c (b) 2c (c) 3c (d) 2c
b ×c c ×a a ×b
372. If p = ,q= , r= , where a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors, then the value
a b c  a b c  a b c 
     
( )
of the expression a + b + c . ( p + q + r ) is :
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

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( ) (
373. The value of a. b + c × a + b + c , is )
(a) 2  a b c  (b)  a b c  (c) 0 (d) none of these

374. The vectors a = xiˆ + ( x + 1) ˆj + ( x + 2 ) kˆ, b = ( x + 3) iˆ + ( x + 4 ) ˆj + ( x + 5 ) k

and c = ( x + 6 ) iˆ + ( x + 7 ) ˆj + ( x + 8 ) kˆ are coplanar for

(a) all values of x (b) x < 0 only (c) x > 0 only (d) none of these
375. Let a = iˆ − kˆ, b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1 − x ) kˆ and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x − y ) kˆ, then  a b c  depends on
(a) neither x nor y (b) both x and y (c) only x (d) only y
376. The number of distinct values of λ , for which the vectors −λ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − λ 2 ˆj + kˆ and iˆ + ˆj − λ 2 kˆ are
coplanar ,is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
377. If a , b and c are unit coplanar vectors , then
 2a − 3b 7b − 9c 12c − 23a 
 
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 24 (d) 32
2
378. For any three vectors , a , b , c the value of  a + b b + c c + a  , is

(a) 0 (b) 2  a b c  (c)  a b c  (d) −  a b c 

379. For any three vectors a , b , c , the value of  a − b , b − c , c − a  , is

(a) 0 (b)  a b c  (c) −  a b c  (d) −  a b c 

380. If a , b and c are unit coplanar vectors , then the scalar triple product  2a − b 2b − c 2c − a  =

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) − 3 (d) 3

381. The volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are the points iˆ, iˆ + ˆj , iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + λ kˆ is 1 / 6
units . Then , the values of λ
(a) does not exist (b) is 7 (c) is −1 (d) is any real value

{ }
2
382. If a , b , c are non –coplanar non –zero vectors such that  a b c  = 2, then  a × b b × c c × a  =
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 8 (d) none of these
383. Which of the following expressions are meaningful ?
(a) u. ( v × w ) (b) ( u.v ) .w (c) ( u.v ) w (d) u × ( v .w )
384. For three vectors u , v , w which of the following expressions is not equal to any of the remaining three?
(a) u. ( v × w ) (b) ( v × w ) .u (c) v . ( u × w ) (d) ( u × v ) .w

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SOLUTION OF VECTORS ( )
Only one option is correct.

1. )( )
Ans. (a) Clearly a + b = 2iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ and a − b = 2iˆ − 5 ˆj − 3kˆ , Hence a + b . a − b = 4 + 5 − 9 = 0 (
Alternatively : ( a + b ) . ( a − b ) = a − b = ( ( 2 ) + ( −3) ) − ( ( 2 ) + ( 3) ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

2. Ans. (c), We know that BA = OA − OB = ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ) − ( 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) = −iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ

2 −3 5
3. Ans. (d), S.T.P. of given vectors = 1 2 −2 = 0 + 33 − 55 = −22
6 1 −1
Hence volume = 22 [volume is non-negative]
iˆ ˆj kˆ
4. Ans. (d), a × b = 3 −1 1 = 0iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5kˆ ⇒ a × b = 25 + 25 = 5 2
2 1 −1

5. Ans. (b), We know that cos θ =

( a.b ) =
8 − 24 − 48 −16
=
a b 49 144 21

1 1 ˆ 1
6. Ans. (c), Area of the triangle ABC =
2
AB × AC =
2
( 2
) ( )
i + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ × 2iˆ = 4 ˆj × iˆ − 6kˆ × iˆ

1 1 52
= − 4kˆ − 6 ˆj = 16 + 36 = = 13
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
= 2  a + b  ⇒ a − b + 900 = 2 [121 + 529]
2
7. Ans. (b), As be know that a − b + a +b
 
⇒ a − b = 20

1 −1 0
8. Ans. (b), Given = 0 1 −1 = 1(1) + 1( −1) = 0
−1 0 1
4 p 2
9. Ans.(b), Given ⇒ −1 4 3 =0 ⇒ 4 ( −12 − 3) − p ( 3 − 24 ) + 2 ( −1 − 32 ) = 0
8 1 −3
⇒ − 60 + 21 p − 66 = 0 ⇒ 21 p = 126 , ∴ p = 6

10. Ans. (a), Area of the parallelogram is ( 2iˆ − 3 ˆj ) × ( 2 ˆj − kˆ ) = 4iˆ × ˆj − 6 ˆj × ˆj − 2iˆ × kˆ + 3 ˆj × kˆ

= 4kˆ + 2 ˆj + 3iˆ = 16 + 4 + 9 = 29

11. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ a = 4 + 9 + 36 = 7 , b = 9 + 16 + 1 = 26, c = 2561 + 49 = 75

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2 2 2
⇒ c = a + b . Thus, the triangle is right angled.

1 2 0
12. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ a . b × c = 0 1 ( ) 2 = 1( −1) − 2 ( −4 ) = −1 + 8 = 7
2 0 −1

13. Ans. (d), We know that if two vectors a and b are perpendicular then a .b = 0
⇒ 3 (1 − p ) + 2 (1 + p ) = 0 ⇒ 3 − 3 p + 2 + 2 p = 0 ⇒ p = 5

14. Ans. (a), Since a , b , c are perpendicular to b + c , c + a , a + b , a . b + c = 0, b . ( c + a ) = 0 and ( )

( )
c . a + b = 0 , adding all the three we have 2 a.b + b .c + c .a = 0 ( )
∴ (a + b + c ) ⋅(a + b + c ) = a 2
+ b 2 + c 2 + 2 ∑ a.b = 16 + 16 + 25 + 0 = 57 , Hence a + b + c = 57

( )( )
2
15. Ans. (c), Let us find a + b + c = a +b +c ⋅ a +b +c
2 2 2 2
= a + b + c + 2a .b + 2b .c + 2c .a = 3 a , ∴ a + b + c = 3 a

1 3 −2
16. Ans. (a), Given ⇒ 2 −1 4 = ±49 ⇒ 1( − p − 8 ) − 3 ( 2 p − 12 ) − 2 ( 4 + 3) = ±49
3 2 p
61
⇒ − p − 8 − 6 p + 36 − 14 = 49 ⇒ −7 p = 35 or 7 p = 49 + 12 ⇒ p = −5 or p =
7
1 π 1 π
17. Ans. (b), Given that cos α = cos = , cos β = cos =
3 2 3 2
1 1 1 1
We know that cos 2 α + cos 2 β + cos 2 γ = 1 , + + cos 2 γ = 1 ⇒ cos 2 γ = 1 − =
4 4 2 2
1
⇒ cos γ = ⇒ γ = 45°
2
18. Ans. (b), As a and b are ⊥ , ∴ a .b = 0 ⇒ 6 + λ − µ = 0 ⇒ λ − µ = −6 …(i)

Also a = b ⇒ 9 + λ 2 + 1 = 4 + 1 + µ 2 ⇒ λ 2 − µ 2 = −5 … (ii)

5
From (i) and (ii), ( λ + µ )( −6 ) = −5 ⇒ λ − µ = … (iii)
6
−31 41
Solving (i) and (iii), λ = and µ =
12 12
1 0 −1
19. Ans. (c),  a , b , c  = x 1 1− x [ Applying C3 → C3 + C1 ]
 
y x 1+ x − y
1 0 0
= x 1 1 = 1 , which depends neither on x nor on y
y x 1+ x

20. Ans. (a), As AB = OB − OA ⇒ AB = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ − iˆ − 2 ˆj − 3kˆ = iˆ − 3 ˆj − kˆ

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21. Ans. (c), Magnitude of the vector cos α iˆ + cos β ˆj is cos α iˆ + cos β ˆj = cos 2 α + cos 2 β which is not
necessarily = 1
Now magnitude of the vector cos α iˆ + sin α ˆj + kˆ is cos α iˆ + sin α ˆj + kˆ = cos 2 α + sin 2 α + 12 = 2

And magnitude of cos α cos β iˆ + cos α sin β ˆj + sin α kˆ = cos 2 α ( cos 2 β + sin 2 β ) + sin 2 α

= cos 2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , so this is a unit vector, and iˆ + ˆj = 12 + 12 = 2

22. Ans. (d), AB = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ⇒ AB = 4 + 1 + 4 = 3 ⇒ BC = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj ⇒ BC = 9 + 16 = 5

AC = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 6kˆ ⇒ AC = 9 + 4 + 36 = 37 , ∴ Perimeter is 3 + 5 + 7 = 15

23. Ans. (b), Given p.v. of A = OA = 6iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and p.v. of B = OB = 6iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
and p.v. of C = OC = −6iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ and p.v. of D = OD = 14iˆ − 5 ˆj + 4kˆ ⇒ AB = −2 ˆj
and AC = −12iˆ + 4 ˆj − 3kˆ and AD = 8iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ
0 −2 0
 AB AC AD  = −12 4 −3 = 0 ( 8 + 18 ) + 2 ( −24 + 24 ) + 0 ( 72 − 24 ) = 0
 
8 −6 2
Hence vectors are coplanar
24. Ans. (d), Given ⇒ a .b − a .c = 0 ⇒ a. b − c = 0 , ( )
(
∴ a ⊥ b −c ) [As a and b − c are non-zero vectors]

25. ( )( )
Ans. (a), 2iˆ + mjˆ − 3kˆ ⋅ miˆ + 2 ˆj + 4k = 0 ⇒ 2m + 2m − 12 = 0 ⇒ m=3
1
26. Ans. (c), Clearly 2a − b = ( 0, 1, 2 ) , hence its direction cosines are ( 0, 1, 2 )
5
27. Ans. (b), We know that cos 2 α + cos 2 β + cos 2 γ = 1 ⇒ 2 cos 2 α + 2 cos 2 β + 2 cos 2 γ − 2 = 0
⇒ 2 cos 2 α + 2 cos 2 β + 2 cos 2 γ + 1 − 3 = 0 ⇒ cos 2α + cos 2 β + cos 2γ + 1 = 0 ∵ cos 2θ = 2 cos 2 θ − 1

28. Ans. (b), p 2 + 9 + 16 = q + 25 ⇒ p 2 = q

1 3
29. Ans. (c), AB.BC = AB BC cos120° = − a 2 . The given expression is equal to − a 2
2 2
A
30. Ans. (a), D divides BC in the ratio BD : DC = AB : AC = 6 : 3 = 2 :1
AB = ( −2, − 4, − 4 ) AB = 6 , AC = ( −2, − 2 − 1) AC = 3 6
3

∴ D=
6C + 3B
=
( ) (
6 2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ + 3 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) 1
= 6iˆ + 13 ˆj + 18kˆ 
B
2 D1 C
6+3 6+3 3 
31. Ans. (c), Let B = ( x, y, z )
 14 39 28   3 x − 2 3 y + 12 3 z + 10 
Hence by using given condition  − , , = , , 
 5 5 5   5 5 5 
⇒ ( x, y, z ) = ( −4, 9, 6 )
32. Ans. (a), By given information the figure is

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E −a D
−b
F 2b C
b
a+
a −b b
A a B
33. ( ) ( )
Ans. (b), Given iˆ + ˆj × ˆj − iˆ = iˆ × ˆj + ˆj × ˆj − iˆ × iˆ − ˆj × iˆ = kˆ + 0 − 0 − −kˆ = 2kˆ ( )
1 2 1
34. Ans. (d), p. ( q × r ) = 2 3 4 = 1( 27 − 16 ) − 2 (18 − 12 ) + ( 8 − 9 ) = 11 − 12 = −2
3 4 9

35. Ans. (a), Given xa + yb = iˆ − ˆj equating coefficients of iˆ and ĵ , we get

⇒ 2 x + 3 y = 1 ⇒ 2 x + 3 y = 1 , ( − x + 2 y = −1) × 2 ⇒ −2 x + 4 y = −2 and 7 y = −1
−1 −3 3 10 5
⇒ y= , 2x + = 1 ⇒ 2x = 1 + = ⇒ x=
7 7 7 7 7
36. Ans. (b), The position vector of the point R dividing the join of P and Q internally in the ratio 1: 2 is

given by OR =
( ) (
2 2a + b + 1 a − 2b ) = 5a
1+ 2 3
37. Ans. (d), Let the given points be A ( −1, − 1, 2 ) , B ( 2, m, 5 ) and C ( 3, 11, 6 )

Then AB = ( 2 + 1) iˆ + ( m + 1) ˆj + ( 5 − 2 ) kˆ = 3iˆ + ( m + 1) ˆj + 3kˆ and AC = ( 3 + 1) iˆ + (11 + 1) ˆj + ( 6 − 2 ) kˆ

= 4iˆ + 12 ˆj + 4kˆ

(
Since A, B, C are collinear, we have AB = λ AC , i.e. 3iˆ + ( m + 1) ˆj + 3kˆ = λ 4iˆ + 12 ˆj + 4kˆ ) ( )
⇒ 3 = 4λ and m + 1 = 12λ . Therefore m = 8
π 1 π
38. Ans. (a), Here m = cos = and n = cos = 0. Therefore l 2 + m 2 + n 2 = 1 gives
4 2 2
1 1
l2 + + 0 =1 ⇒ l = ±
2 2

( )
Hence, the required vector r = 3 2 liˆ + mjˆ + nkˆ is given by

 1 ˆ 1ˆ 
r = 3 2± i + j + 0kˆ  = r = ±3iˆ + 3 ˆj
 2 2 
39. ( ) ( )
Ans. (c), We have λb + c = λ iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ + iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ = ( λ + 1) iˆ + ( λ + 3) ˆj − ( 2λ + 1) kˆ

Since a ⊥ ( λ ⋅ b + c ) , a ⋅ ( λ b + c ) = 0 ⇒ ( 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) . ( λ + 1) iˆ + ( λ + 3) ˆj − ( 2λ + 1) kˆ  = 0
 
⇒ 2 ( λ + 1) − ( λ + 3) − ( 2λ + 1) = 0 ⇒ λ = −2
π 5π
40. Ans. (c), Using the formula a × b = a . b sin θ , we get θ = ± , [ Note : 0 ≤ θ < π ]
6 6
± 3
Therefore, a .b = a . b cos θ = 8 × 3   = ±12 3
 2 

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
Second Method : using langrage identity ⇒ a × b = a 2b 2 − a ⋅ b ⇒ a ⋅b = a 2b 2 − a × b

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Ans. (d), Let a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ. Then, a = 22 + 22 + ( −1) = 9 = 3

2
41.
2 2 −1 2 2 −1
The direction of a are , , i.e., , ,
a a a 3 3 3

42. Ans. (c), As c = ( −1)

2
+ 22 = 5 , ( )
∴ c a = 5 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ = 2 5iˆ − 2 5 ˆj + 5kˆ .

43. Ans. (c), 3a − 2b + 4c = 3 ( 3iˆ − ˆj − 4kˆ ) − 2 ( −2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 3kˆ ) + 4 ( iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) = 17iˆ − 3 ˆj − 10kˆ

2 2
∴ 3a − 2b + 4c = 17 2 + ( −3) + ( −10 ) = 398.

5 6 7
44. Ans. (d), The given vectors are coplanar if 7 − k 9 =0
3 20 5
⇒ 5 ( −5k − 180 ) − 6 ( 35 − 27 ) + 7 (140 + 3k ) = 0 ⇒ − 4k + 32 ⇒ k =8

45. Ans. (b), ma is a unit vector ⇒ ma = 1 ⇒ m a = 1 ⇒ m a =1 ∵ a = a 

1
⇒a= .
m

46. Ans. (c), The p.v. of required point is

( ) (
2 3a − 2b − 3 2a − 3b ) i.e. − 5b.
2−3

47. Ans. (a), The position vector of the required point R is

( ) (
2 −iˆ + ˆj − kˆ − 1 iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ) = −3iˆ − kˆ
2 −1
48. ( ) ( ) (
Ans. (b), a + b − c = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ + iˆ − ˆj − 5iˆ − ˆj − kˆ = −2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ )
( )
Unit vector parallel to a + b + c but in opposite direction

( a +b −c) ( −2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ ) 1 ˆ ˆ

=−
a +b −c
=−
2 2
=
3
(
2i − j + 2kˆ )
( −2 ) + 12 + ( −2 )

49. ( ) ( ) (
Ans. (d), 3 p + q − 2r = 3 iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ − ˆj − 2 iˆ + kˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ )
3 p + q − 2r iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ 1
⇒ A unit vector in the direction of 3 p + q − 2r =
3 p + q − 2r
=
12 + 22 + 22 3
(
= iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ . )
50. Ans. (c), b is a vector collinear to a and having magnitude 21.
 a   2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ
  2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ 
⇒ b = ±21aˆ = ±21  = ±21 2 2  = ±21
2 7
 = ±3 2iˆ + ˆj + 6kˆ . ( )
 a   2 +3 +6   
51. Ans. (d), The lengths of the sides represented by the vectors a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ, b = 6iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ,
c = 3iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ are given by, a = a = 22 + 32 + ( −6 ) = 49 = 7 ,
2

2 2 2 2
b = b = 62 + ( −2 ) + ( 3) = 49 = 7, c = c = 33 + ( −6 ) + ( −2 ) = 49 = 7.
∴ Perimeter of the triangle = a + b + c = 7 + 7 + 7 = 21.
52. Ans. (c), Let c = ma + nb ( ) (
⇒ 5iˆ + 9 ˆj = m iˆ + 4 ˆj + n 2iˆ − 3 ˆj ) ⇒ 5iˆ + 9 ˆj = ( m + 2n ) iˆ + ( 4m − 3n ) ˆj
On comparing both sides, we get: m + 2n = 5, 4m − 3n = 9
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)
Solving these equations, we get : m = 3, n = 1. ∴ c = 3a + b .
53. Ans. (b), Since ABCD is a parallelogram, so we have AD = BC and AB = DC D C
Now, by triangle law: AB + BC = AC
⇒ AC − AB = BC
⇒ AC − AB = AD ∵ AD = BC 
  A B
54. Ans. (d), Let O be the origin. Position vector of A = OA = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ (given)
A
AB = 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ (given)
Position vector of B , OB = OA + AB [By triangle law]
( ) ( )
= 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ + 3iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = 6iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ.
O B
55. Ans. (c), Given a and b are collinear ⇒ a = mb where m is a scalar

(
⇒ iˆ − ˆj = m −2iˆ + kjˆ ) ( )
⇒ iˆ − ˆj = ( −2m ) iˆ + mkˆ ˆj , ∴ − 2m = 1, mk = −1
1
Solving these equations we get : m = − , k = 2.
2
56. Ans. (b), The given forces are F1 = (1, 2, − 1) = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and F2 = ( −3, 0, 2 ) = −3iˆ + 2kˆ

( ) ( ) (
Resultant of these forces = F = F1 + F2 = i + 2 ˆj − kˆ + −3iˆ + 2kˆ = −2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ )
2
∴ Magnitude of the resultant force = F = ( −2 ) + 22 + 12 = 9 = 3

57. Ans. (b), We have: AB = a , BC = b ,

E D
∴ AC = AB + BC = a + b
From geometry we know that: AD BC and AD = 2 BC 2b
F b C
∴ AD = 2 BC = 2b a+
b
(
Now, CD = AD − AC = 2b − a + b = b − a. ) A a B

58. Ans. (a), The vectors iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ and λ iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ are linearly dependent
⇒ The vectors are coplanar ⇒ S.T.P. of vectors = 0
1 −2 3
∴ −2 3 −4 = 0 ⇒ 1. ( 6 − 4 ) − ( −2 )( −4 + 4λ ) + 3 ( 2 − 3λ ) = 0 ⇒ 0 − 2λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 0.
λ −1 2
59. Ans. (d), Let p be any point within a ∆ABC. Join A, P and P, C. A
The, PA + CP = CP + PA = CA …(i) [By Triangle law]
Also, in ∆ABC we have: CB + BA = CA …(ii) [By Triangle law]
P
∴ From (i) and (ii), we have: PA + CP = CB + BA C
B
60. Ans. (c), Since R lies on PQ such that PR = 5 PQ, so R divides PQ
Externally in the ratio 5 : 4. i.e., PR : QR = 5 : 4
1 4
Now, the position vectors of P and Q are a and b respectively.
P Q R
(a) ( )
b

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5b − 4a
∴ The position vector of R = = 5b − 4a.
5−4
61. (
Ans. (a), If the points P a + b − c , Q 2a + 3b ) ( ) (
and R −b + tc ) are collinear, then the vectors
PQ and PR are also collinear. i.e., PQ = mPR for some scalar m.

⇒ {( 2a + 3b ) − ( a + b − c )} = m {( −b + tc ) − ( a + b − c )} ⇒ a + 2b + c = m  − a − 2b + ( t + 1) c 

On comparing both sides, we get: − m = 1, − 2m = 2, ( t + 1) m = 1

Solving these equations we get: m = −1, t = −2.
62. Ans. (b), The position vectors of the given points P ( 5, 2, 4 ) , Q ( 6, − 1, 2 ) , R ( 8, − 7, λ )

Are OP = 5iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ, OQ = 6iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and OR = 8iˆ − 7 ˆj + λ kˆ respectively.

If these points P, Q, R are collinear, then the vectors PQ and PR are
Also collinear and so, there exists a scalar m such that PQ = mPR

(
⇒ OQ − OP = m OR − OP) ( ) ( ) {
⇒ iˆ − 3 ˆj − 2kˆ = m 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + ( λ − 4 ) kˆ }
Comparing the coefficients of iˆ, ˆj , kˆ we get 3m = 1, − 9m = −3, m ( λ − 4 ) = −2
1
Solving these equations we get: m = , λ = −2.
3
1 1 1
63. Ans. (b), c lies in the plane of a and b ⇒ a , b , c are coplanar ⇒ 1 −1 2 =0
x x − 2 −1
⇒ 1{1 − 2 ( x − 2 )} − {−1 − 2 x} + ( x − 2 + x ) = 0 ⇒ 2 x + 4 = 0 ⇒ x = −2.
64. Ans. (d), The vectors iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, cos α ˆj + sin α kˆ and sin α ˆj + cos α kˆ are coplanar
1 2 1
∴ 0 cos α sin α = 0 ⇒ cos 2 α − sin 2 α = 0 ⇒ cos 2α = 0
0 sin α cos α

⇒ sin 2α = ± 1 − cos 2 2α = ± 1 − 0 = ±1
65. Ans. (a), The given vectors a = 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = iˆ + kˆ and c = 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + λ kˆ are coplanar if
3 3 3
1 0 1 = 0 i.e., if −3 3 − 3 λ − 3 + 3 ( ) ( 3 ) = 0 i.e., if 3 − 3λ = 0 i.e., if λ = 1.
3 3 λ
mb + a
66. Ans. (b), Let C divide AB in the ratio m :1 , Then, c = ⇒ a + mb − ( m + 1) c = 0 …(i)
m +1
But 3a + 4b − 7c = 0 …(ii) (given)
1 m − ( m + 1) 4
On comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get: = = ⇒ m= .
3 4 − (7) 3
4
∴ C divides AB in the ratio :1 i.e. 4 : 3 .
3
3a + 4b
Alternatively : Given ⇒ c = ⇒ C divides AB in the ratio 4 : 3
3+ 4
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67. Ans. (d), We have: OA = a , OB = b .
A B C
∴ AB = OB − OA = b − a.
Now, AC = 3 AB ⇒ AC = 3 b − a ( ) a
b

∴ Position vector of C = OC = OA + AC = a + 3 b − a = 3b − 2a.( ) O

68. Ans. (a), x , y and z are non-coplanar vectors and therefore they are linearly independent.
∴ ( 2a + 2b + c ) x + ( a + 2b − 3) y + ( 2a − b + 4 ) z = 0 ⇒ 2a + 2b + c = 0 …(i)
and a + 2b − 3 = 0 …(ii) and 2a − b + 4 = 0 …(iii)
Solving (ii) and (iii) we get: a = −1, b = 2 , Substituting a = −1, b = 2 in (i), we get c = −2.
69. Ans. (d), Let origin O be the centre of the hexagon ABCDEF . Join A, D and B, E and C , F .
Position vector of A is OA = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and position vector of B is OB = −3iˆ + ˆj + kˆ.

( ) ( )
∴ AB = OB − OA = −3iˆ + ˆj + kˆ − 4iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ = −7iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ E D

Now, ED = AB and ED AB O
F C
∴ ED = AB ( )
⇒ DE = − AB = − −7iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ = 7iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ
A B
70. Ans. (c) We know that in a regular hexagon ABCDEF with centre O.
E D
1
BC = AD = AO and BC AO
2
O
∴ BC = AO = −OA = − ( position vector of A ) F C

( )
= − 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ = −3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ.
A B
71. Ans. (d), Let ABCD be a regular hexagon such that AB = a and BC = b . Join A, C and A, D .
Now, AC = AB + BC = a + b . E D
We know from geometry, that AD BC and AD = 2 BC
∴ AD = 2 BC = 2b O
F C
(
Now, CD = AD − AC = 2b − a + b = b − a. )
DE = − AB = − a
( )
∴ CE = CD + DE = b − a + ( − a ) = b − 2a.
A B

72. Ans. (a), Given that: ( x + y − 3) x1 + ( 2 x − y + 2 ) x2 + ( 2 x + y + λ ) x3 = 0 …(i)

On comparing both sides of (i), we get: x + y − 3 = 0 …(ii)
2x − y + 2 = 0 …(iii) 2x + y + λ = 0 …(iv)
1 8
Solving equations (ii) and (iii), we get : x = , y = .
3 3
1 8 10
Substituting x = , y = in (iv), we get : λ = − .
3 3 3 E D
73. Ans. (d), Let origin O be the centre of a regular hexagon ABCDEF .
O
F C
We join A, D and B, E and C , F . Clearly, AD, BE and CF pass through O.
We have: AD = 2 AO and EB = 2OB , Also, FC = 2 AB
A B
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∴ AD + EB + FC = 2 AO + 2OB + 2 AB = 2 AO + OB + 2 AB ( )
= 2 AB + 2 AB = 4 AB [By Triangle Law]
74. Ans. (c), Let origin O be the centre of a regular hexagon ABCDEF .
We join A, D and B, E and C , F . Clearly, AD, BE , CF pass through O. E D
We have: AD = 2OD and EB = 2 EO . Also, FC = 2 ED , O
F
( ) ( )
C
∴ AD + EB + FC = 2OD + EO + 2 ED = 2 EO + OD + 2 ED

= 2 ED + 2 ED = 4 ED (By Triangle Law) A B

Hence, λ = 4.
75. Ans. (b), Let a , b , c be the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of the triangle ABC .
1 1 1
Then the position vectors of D, E , F are
2
( ) ( )
a + b , ( a + c ) , b + c represently.
2 2
1 A(a )
Now, BE = ( p.v.of E ) − ( p.v.of B ) = (a + c ) − b
2
1 D F
and AF = ( p.v.of F ) − ( p.v.of A ) =
2
(b +c −a )
1  1  (b ) B C (c )
∴ BF + AF =  ( a + c ) − b  +  b + c − a 
2  2 
( ) E

1 1 1
2 2 2
( )
= − a − b + c = c − a + b = {p.v.of C − p.v.of D} = DC

76. Ans. (a), Let A (1, − 2, 3) and C ( 2, − 3, 5) be the extremities of a diagonal AC os a square ABCD
Then, p.v. of A = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and p.v. of C = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ

( ) ( )
∴ AC = ( p.v.of C ) − ( p.v.of A ) = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 5kˆ − iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ

Length of diagonal AC = AC = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ = 12 + ( −1) + 22 = 6.

2

1 1
∴ Length of each side of the square = × length of a diagonal = × 6 = 3.
2 2
77. Ans. (d), The position vectors of the given points P, Q, R are OP = −iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ, OQ = −4iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ
and OR = 5iˆ + λ ˆj + µ kˆ respectively.
If these points P, Q and R lie on a straight line, then the vectors PQ and PR are also collinear and so,
there exists a scalar m such that
( ) ( ) {
PQ = mPR ⇒ OQ − OP = m OR − OP ⇒ ( −3i − j − 4k ) = m 6iˆ + ( λ − 3) ˆj + ( µ − 2 ) kˆ }
1
∴ 6m = −3, m ( λ − 3) = −1, m ( µ − 2 ) = −4 , Solving these equations we get: m = − , λ = 5, µ = 10.
2
1
78. Ans. (c), The vectors m = − , λ = 5, µ = 10. are coplanar
2
1 2 3
1
If 0 λ 4 = 0 i.e., if λ ( 2λ − 1) = 0 i.e., if λ = 0 or λ = .
2
0 0 2λ − 1

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∴ The given vectors are non-coplanar for all except two values of λ i.e., λ = 0 and λ = .
2
79. Ans. (c), Consider the parallelogram ABCD having E as the midpoint of CD
Also, AD = a and AE = b (given) E
D C
Then, AD + DE = AE ⇒ a + DE = b ⇒ DE = b − a.
 1  a a
Now, BD = BC + CD = AD + 2 ED ∵ E is the midpoint of CD ⇒ ED = CD  b
 2 
(
= AD − 2 DE = a − 2 b − a = 3a − 2b . ) A B

80. Ans. (a), Let A be a point having position vector a that lies on the line joining the points B and C with
the given position vectors b = iˆ + ˆj − kˆ and c = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ respectively.
B A C
Then, BA = λ BC for some scalar λ
b ( )
a ( )
( c)
⇒ p.v.of A − p.v.of B = λ ( p.v.of C − p.v.of B )

( ) {( ) (
⇒ a − iˆ + ˆj − kˆ = λ iˆ − ˆj + kˆ − iˆ + ˆj − kˆ )} ⇒ a = i + (1 − 2λ ) ˆj − (1 − 2λ ) kˆ

Clearly, for different values of λ we get the position vectors of different point lying on the line joining
1
B and C . Taking λ = , we get: a = iˆ which is a possible point
2
81. Ans. (c), If AB and AC vectors determine the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC , then the median
AD through A is determined by the vector
A
1
(
AD = AB + AC =
2
1 ˆ
2
) {( ) ( 1
)}
3i + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ + 5iˆ − 5 ˆj + 2kˆ = 8iˆ + 6kˆ = 4iˆ + 3kˆ
2
{ }
∴ AD = 42 + 32 = 25 = 5.

Thus, the length of the medium through A = AD = AD = 5 units. B D C

82. Ans. (d), The given vectors will be coplanar if one of them is a linear combination of the other two.
( ) (
i.e., if a − 3b + 5c = α a − mb + 3c + β −2a + 3b − 4c for some scalars α , β . )
Then, a − 3b + 5c = (α − 2 β ) a + ( − mα + 3β ) b + ( 3α − 4 β )
∴ α − 2 β = 1, − mα + 3β = −3, 3α − 4 β = 5
Solving the first and the third equations we get: α = 3, β = 1
Substituting these values of α , β in the second equations we get: −3m + 3 = −3 ⇒ m = 2.
83. Ans. (b), Let the given vector make angles α , β and γ with the three coordinate axes.
π
Then, α = β = . Now, the direction cosines of the vector are cos α , cos β and cos γ
3
π π  π
∴ cos 2 α + cos 2 β + cos 2 γ = 1 ⇒ cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 γ = 1  putting α = β = 3 
3 3
2 2
1 1 1 1
⇒   +   + cos 2 γ = 1 ⇒ cos 2 γ = ⇒ cos γ = ± ⇒ γ = 45° or 135° .
2 2 2 2
Hence the given vector makes an angle of 45° .
84. Ans. (d), We have: DC = b , AD = a
∴ BD : DC = 2 :1 ⇒ BC = 2 DC ⇒ BD = 2 DC = 2b .

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∴ BC = BD + DC = 2b + b = 3b
A
In ∆ABC , we have: AC = AD + DC = a + b ⇒ CA = − a + b ( )
1 1 1  a E

⇒ CE = CA = − a + b
2 2
( )
∵ E is the midpoint of AC and so CE = 2 CA
2 1
1 1 B D C
(
Now, BE = BC + CE = 3b − a + b = 5b − a .
2 2
) ( ) b

85. Ans. (b), The given points are P ( −1, 2, − 3) , Q ( 4, a, 1) and R ( b, 8, 5 ) .

Their position vectors are OP = −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ, OQ = 4iˆ + ajˆ + kˆ, OR = biˆ + 8 ˆj + 5kˆ
If these points P, Q, R are collinear, then the vectors PQ and PR are also collinear and so there exists
( ) (
a scalar m such that PQ = mPR ⇒ OQ − OP = m OR − OP ⇒ 4iˆ + ajˆ + kˆ − −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ ) {( ) ( )}
= m {( biˆ + 8 ˆj + 4kˆ ) − ( −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ )} ⇒ 5iˆ + ( a − 2 ) ˆj + 4kˆ = m ( b + 1) iˆ + 6mjˆ + 8mkˆ

1
∴ 5 = m ( b + 1) , ( a − 2 ) = 6m, 4 = 8m , Solving these equations, we get: m = , a = 5, b = 9
2
86. Ans. (c), Let a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and c = 7iˆ − kˆ be the position vectors of points
A, B and C respectively.
Let A divide the join of B and C in the ratio λ :1.
λ c + (1) b
Then, a =
λ +1
( ) ( ) (
⇒ ( λ + 1) iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = λ 7iˆ − kˆ + −2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ )
⇒ ( λ + 1) iˆ + 2 ( λ + 1) ˆj + 3 ( λ + 1) kˆ = ( 7λ − 2 ) iˆ + 3 ˆj + ( −λ + 5 ) kˆ
On comparing both sides we get: λ + 1 = 7λ − 2, 2 ( λ + 1) = 3, 3 ( λ + 1) = −λ + 5
1 1
Solving any of these equations, we get : λ = , ∴ Required ratio = :1 = 1: 2.
2 2
Ans. (c), a + b = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + ( p + 1) kˆ = 22 + 22 + ( p + 1) =
2
87. p2 + 2 p + 9

a = iˆ + ˆj + pkˆ = 12 + 12 + p 2 = p2 + 2

Now, a + b = a + b ⇒ p2 + 2 p + 9 = p2 + 2 + 3 ⇒ p2 + 2 p + 9 = p2 + 2 + 3 + 2 3 p2 + 2

⇒ 2 p + 4 = 2 3 p2 + 2 ⇒ p + 2 = 3 p2 + 2 ⇒ p2 + 4 p + 4 = 3( p2 + 2) ⇒ 2 p2 − 4 p + 2 = 0
2
⇒ p2 − 2 p + 1 = 0 ⇒ ( p − 1) = 0 ⇒ p = 1.

88. Ans. (a), The points P, Q, R with position vectors 60iˆ + 3 ˆj , 40iˆ − 8 ˆj , aiˆ − 52 ˆj respectively, are
collinear if the vectors PQ and PR are collinear i.e. if PQ = m PR for some scalar m .

( ) (
Now, PQ = ( p. v. of Q − p.v. of P ) = 40iˆ − 8 ˆj − 60iˆ + 3 ˆj = −20iˆ − 11 ˆj )
( ) (
and PR = ( p.v.of R − p.v.of p ) = aiˆ − 52 ˆj − 60iˆ + 3 ˆj = ( a − 60 ) iˆ − 55 ˆj )
∴ PQ = m PR {
⇒ − 20 iˆ − 11 ˆj = m ( a − 60 ) iˆ − 55 ˆj }
Comparing the two sides, we get : −20 = m ( a − 60 ) and −11 = −55 m

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1
Solving these equations, we get : m = , a = −40
5
89. Ans. (a), We have : AB + BC + CD + DE = AC + CD + DE [By triangle law]
= AD + DE [By triangle law] D
= AE [By triangle law]
Note : We can directly use the concept : E C
If a number of vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by the
sides of a polygon taken in order, then the closing side of the polygon,
taken in opposite order represents the resultant (of all the vectors) in A B
magnitude and direction.
90. ( ) (
Ans. (c), We have AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ − 4iˆ + 7 ˆj + 8kˆ = −2iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ )
A
2 2 2
∴ AB = AB = ( −2 ) + ( −4 ) + ( −4 ) = 36 = 6

( ) (
AC = p.v. of C − p.v. of A = 2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ − 4iˆ + 7 ˆj + 8kˆ = −2iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ )
2 2 2
∴ AC = AC = ( −2 ) + ( −2 ) + ( −1) = 9 =3 B D C
Therefore, the angle bisector AD cuts the side BC in the ratio AB : AC i.e. 6 : 3 .
( ) (
6 2iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ + 3 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ13 ) 1
So, the p.v. of D =
6+3
= 2iˆ + ˆj + 6kˆ = 6iˆ + 13 ˆj + 18kˆ
3 3
( )
91. Ans. (c), The position vectors of the vertices of ∆ABC are A
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
OA = 7i − 11 j + k , OB = 5i + 3 j − 2k , OC = 12i − 8 j − k
∴ The sides of ∆ ABC are AB = OB − OA = −2iˆ + 14 ˆj − 3kˆ c b

BC = OC − OB = 7iˆ − 11 ˆj + kˆ , CA = OA − OC = −5iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ

B a C
2
Lengths of the sides are : a = BC = 7 + ( −11) + 1 = 171 2 2

2 2 2 2 2
b = CA = ( −5 ) + ( −3) + 22 = 38 , c = AB = ( −2 ) + (14 ) + ( −3) = 209

Clearly, a 2 + b 2 = 171 + 38 = 209 = c 2 , ∴ ∆ ABC is a right angled triangle.

92. Ans. (b), 6iˆ − 4 ˆj + ( a + 1) kˆ and ( a + 2 ) iˆ + 2b ˆj + kˆ are collinear

{ }
⇒ 6iˆ − 4 ˆj + ( a + 1) kˆ = λ ( a + 2 ) iˆ + 2b ˆj + kˆ , where λ > 0 as the two vectors are n the same direction

⇒ 6 = λ ( a + 2 ) , − 4 = 2λ b, a + 1 = λ [On comparing both sides]

Now, from 6 = λ ( a + 2 ) and a + 1 = λ we have: 6 = ( a + 1)( a + 2 ) ⇒ a 2 + 3a − 4 = 0
⇒ ( a + 4 )( a − 1) = 0 ⇒ a = 1 [Neglecting a = −4 as in that case λ = −3 (not possible)]
2 2
∴ λ = a + 1 = 2 . and so, b = − =− = −1 [Using −4 = 2λ b ]
λ 2
Thus, ( a, b ) = (1, − 1)

93. Ans. (b), The adjacent sides of the parallelogram are represented by the vectors A = 5a + 2b and
B = a − 3b .
The diagonals of parallelogram are given by, d1 = A + B = 5a + 2b + a − 3 b = 6a − b ( ) ( )
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(
and d 2 = B − A = a − 3b − 5a + 2 b = −4a − 5b ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 π
Now, d1 = 6a −b = 36 a + b − 12a ⋅ b = 36 a + b − 12 a b cos
4
 1 
( ) ( )
2 2
= 36 2 2 + ( 3) + −12 2 2 ( 3)   = 225
 2

( )
2 2 2 2
∴ d1 = 225 = 15 , Also, d 2 = −4a − 5b = 16 a + 25 b + 40a ⋅ b
π  1 
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
= 16 a + 25 b + 40 a b cos = 16 2 2 + 25 ( 3) + 40 2 2 ( 3)   = 593
4  2
∴ d 2 = 593 , Thus, the lengths of the two diagonals are 15, 593

 1 −1 1  1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ
94. Ans. (d), Let a = (1, 0, 0 ) = iˆ . Then, a = 12 = 1 , Let b =  , , = i− j+ k,
 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
 1   1   1  1 1 1
Then, b =   +−  +  = + + = 1 =1
 3  3  3 3 3 3

Let c = ( cos α , 0, sin α ) = ( cos α ) iˆ + ( sin α ) kˆ , Then, c = cos 2 α + sin 2 α = 1 = 1

2 2 2
 1 1 1  1 ˆ 1 ˆ 1 ˆ  1   1   1 
Let d =  , , = i+ j+ k , Then, d =   +  + 
 2 2 2 2 2 2  2  2  2
1 1 1 3  1 1 1 
= + + = ≠ 1 , Thus, the vector  , ,  is not a unit vector.
2 2 2 2  2 2 2
95. Ans. (b), The vectors α 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ, − iˆ + α 2 ˆj − kˆ and −iˆ − ˆj + α 2 kˆ lie in the same plane if
α2 −1 −1
−1 α 2 −1 = 0 i.e. if α 2 (α 4 − 1) + 1( −α 2 − 1) − 1(1 + α 2 ) = 0 i.e. if α 6 − 3α 2 − 2 = 0
−1 −1 α 2

Let α 2 = β we get, β 3 − 3β − 2 = 0 ⇒ ( β + 1) ( β 2 − β − 2 ) = 0
2
⇒ ( β + 1)( β + 1)( β − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ ( β + 1) ( β − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ β = −1 or 2 ⇒ α 2 = −1 or 2
⇒ α2 = 2 ⇒α =± 2
Hence, there are two values of α for which the given vectors lie in the same plane.
96. Ans. (d), The unit vectors along the vector m iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ is given by
miˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ miˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
rˆ = ± =±
m 2 + 2 2 + 32 m 2 + 13
 miˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ  ( m + 2 + 6) = 2
(
Now, iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ  ±
 )
m 2 + 13 
=2 ⇒±
2
m + 13
⇒ ( m + 8 ) = 4 ( m2 + 13)
2


2
⇒ 3m 2 − 16m − 12 = 0 ⇒ ( m − 6 )( 3m + 2 ) = 0 ⇒ m = 6 or m = −
3
97. Ans. (c), The position vectors of the vertices of ∆ABC are
OA = −iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ, OB = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ, OC = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj − 2kˆ
∴ The sides of ∆ABC are represented by the vectors AB = OB − OA = 3iˆ + 3kˆ

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BC = OC − OB = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 7 kˆ , CA = OA − OC = −4iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ A
2
The lengths of the sides of ∆ABC are : a = BC = 12 + 22 + ( −7 ) = 54
c b
2 2
b = CA = ( −4 ) + ( −2 ) + 42 = 36 , c = AB = 32 + 32 = 18
Clearly, a 2 = 54 = 36 + 18 = b 2 + c 2 , ∴ ∆ABC is right angled i.e. ∠A = 90° B
a C
98. Ans. (b), The position vectors of points A (1, 0, 3) , B ( −1, 3, 4 ) , C (1, 2, 1) and D ( λ , 2, 5 ) are
OA = iˆ + 3kˆ , OB = −iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ , OC = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and OD = λ iˆ + 2 ˆj + 5kˆ respectively.
∴ AB = OB − OA = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ , AC = OC − OA = 2iˆ − 2kˆ and AD = OD − OA = ( λ − 1) iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
Clearly, the points A, B, C and D are coplanar if the vectors AB, AC and AD are coplanar if the
vectors AB, AC and AD are coplanar
−2 3 1
i.e. if 0 2 −2 = 0 i.e. if −2 ( 4 + 4 ) + ( λ − 1)( −6 − 2 ) = 0 i.e. if −16 − 8λ + 8 = 0 i.e. if λ = −1
λ −1 2 2
99. Ans. (c), The position vectors of the points A, B, C and D with reference to the origin O are
OA = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ , OB = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ , OC = −iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and OD = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + λ kˆ respectively.
∴ AB = OB − OA = −iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ , AC = OC − OA = −4iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ and
AD = OD − OA = iˆ + 7 ˆj + ( λ + 1) kˆ

Now, the points A, B, C and D are coplanar if the vectors AB, AC and AD are coplanar.
−1 5 −3
i.e. if −4 3 3 = 0 i.e. if ( −1) {3 ( λ + 1) − 21} − 5{( −4 )( λ + 1) − 3} − 3{−28 − 3} = 0
1 7 λ +1
146
i.e. if 17λ + 146 = 0 i.e. if λ = −
17
100. Ans. (c), The position vectors of A, B, C are OA = iˆ + xjˆ + 3kˆ , OB = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ and
OC = yiˆ − 2 ˆj − 5kˆ respectively.
∴ AB = OB − OA = 2iˆ + ( 4 − x ) ˆj + 4kˆ and AC = OC − OA = ( y − 1) iˆ + ( −2 − x ) ˆj − 8kˆ
Now, A, B, C are collinear ⇒ AB and AC are collinear ⇒ AB = λ AC for some scalar λ
⇒ 2iˆ + ( 4 − x ) ˆj + 4kˆ = λ {( y − 1) iˆ + ( 2 − x ) ˆj − 8kˆ}
On comparing both sides we get: 2 = λ ( y − 1) , ( 4 − x ) = λ ( −2 − x ) , 4 = −8λ
1
Solving these equations we get : λ = − , y = −3 and x = 2 , ∴ ( x, y ) = ( 2, − 3)
2
101. Ans. (b), The position vectors of the vertices of ∆ABC are OA = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , OB = iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ and
OC = 2iˆ + 3kˆ + 5kˆ .
∴ The sides of ∆ABC are represented by the vectors : AB = OB − OA = 4 ˆj − 2kˆ ,
BC = OC − OB = −iˆ − 2 ˆj − 6kˆ , CA = OA − OC = −iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ
2
∴ Lengths of the sides of ∆ABC are : AB = AB = 4 2 + ( −2 ) = 16 + 4 = 20

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2 2 2 2
BC = BC = 12 + ( −2 ) + 6 2 = 41 , CA = CA = ( −1) + ( −2 ) + ( −4 ) = 21

Clearly, BC 2 = AB 2 + CA2 ⇒ ∆ABC is right angled at A

⇒ ∠A = 90° which is clearly the greatest angle of ∆ ABC .
102. Ans. (a), Let the point R divide the line segment joining P and Q , in the ratio λ :1 i.e.
PR : RQ = λ :1 .

Then, the position vector of R = =

ˆ ( ˆ
λ ( p.v.of Q ) + 1( p.v.of P ) λ iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5k + 1 9iˆ − ˆj + 5k ) ( )
λ +1 λ +1
 λ + 9  ˆ  3λ − 1  ˆ  5λ + 5  ˆ
= i +   j + k
 λ +1   λ +1   λ +1 
λ +9
But the point R lies on the YOZ plane and so its x -coordinate = 0 i.e. =0 ⇒ λ = −9
λ +1
∴ The ratio PR : RQ = λ :1 = −9 :1
103. Ans. (d), Let the parallelogram be ACBD . Let the sides AB and AD be represented by the given
vectors a = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ respectively.
Clearly, the sides BC and DC are also represented by the D a
C
vectors b and a respectively.
Then, the diagonals AC and BD are represented by the vectors b
a + b and b − a respectively. b

Now, length of diagonal AC = a + b = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ A B

a
2
= 32 + 62 + ( −2 ) = 49 = 7

Length of diagonal BD = b − a = − iˆ − 2 ˆj + 8kˆ =

2 2
( −1) + ( −2 ) + 82 = 69

104. Ans. (d), The given sides of a parallelogram are a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ .
Its two diagonals are : a + b = 4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ and a − b = −2iˆ + 2kˆ

( a + b ) i.e. ± 4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ

The unit vectors parallel to the first diagonal are ±
a +b 42 + 42 + 42
=±
3
(i + j+k )
and the unit vectors parallel to the second diagonal are
( a − b ) i.e. ± −2iˆ + 2kˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
±
a −b 2
i.e. ±
2
(i −k )
( −2 ) + 22
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
Hence, the required vector (from amongst the given alternatives) is
3
(
i + j+k )
105. Sol. Ans. (d), u = α (1, 2, 1) + β (1, − 1, 3)
∵ u is parallel to (1, 5, − 3) ⇒ u = λ (1, 5, − 3) ⇒ λ (1, 5, − 3) = α (1, 2, 1) + β (1, − 1, 3)
As α + β = λ ….(i) 2α − β = 5λ …..(i) α + 3β = −3λ ….(iii)
Now, { α + β =λ
2α − β = 5 λ ⇒ α = 2λ and β = − λ
But for these values α + 3β = 2λ − 3λ = −λ . But R.H.S is −3λ
And −λ = −3λ is possible only when λ = 0 and for λ = 0

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u becomes zero vector and zero vector is not parallel to iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ

106. Ans. (d), The p.v.s. of the points A, B and C are 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ and aiˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ respectively.
∴ The vectors representing the sides AB, BC and CA of the triangle ABC are
AB = p.v.of B − p.v.of A = iˆ − 2 ˆj − 6kˆ , BC = p.v.of C − p.v.of B = ( a − 1) iˆ + 6kˆ
CA = p.v.of A − p.v.of C = ( 2 − a ) iˆ + 2 ˆj A
2 2 2
∴ Lengths of the sides are AB = AB = ( −1) + ( −2 ) + ( −6 ) = 41
2
BC = BC = ( a − 1) + 62 = a 2 − 2a + 37
2
CA = CA = (2 − a) + 22 = a 2 − 4a + 8 C B

π
Now, if ∆ABC is right angled with C = , then AB 2 = BC 2 + CA2
2
⇒ 41 = ( a − 2a + 37 ) + ( a − 4a + 8 ) ⇒ 2a 2 − 6a + 4 = 0
2 2
⇒ ( a − 1)( 2a − 4 ) = 0 ⇒ a = 1or a = 2
107. Ans. (a), Let ABCD be the parallelogram. Let its two adjacent sides
AB and AD be represented by the vectors a = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and b = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ respectively.
D
Then, its diagonal AC is represented by the vector a + b = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
C

And diagonal BD is represented by b − a = 4 ˆj .

2
∴ a + b = 22 + ( −2 ) + 2 2 = 12 = 2 3 and b − a = 42 = 4.
A B
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ a +b
Clearly, unit vectors parallel to diagonal AC are ±
a +b
i.e. ±
3
i − j+k ( )
b −a 4 ˆj
And the vectors parallel to the diagonal BD are ± i.e. ± i.e. ± ˆj
b −a 4

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
From the given alternatives −
3
( )
i − j + k is the answer.

108. Ans. (b)

The position vectors of the points Q ( 2, 2, 1) and R ( 5, 2, − 2 ) are OQ = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and
OR = 5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ respectively.
Let the point P divide the line segment QR internally in the ratio λ :1 .

Then, the position vector of P is given by OP =

( ) ( )
λ OR + 1 OQ Q λ P 1 R
λ +1
( ) (
λ 5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ + 2iˆ + 2kˆ + kˆ )  5λ + 2  ˆ  2λ + 2  ˆ  −2λ + 1  ˆ
⇒ OP = ⇒ OP =  i +   j +  k …(i)
λ +1  λ +1   λ +1   λ +1 
5λ + 2 5λ + 2
Clearly, the x-coordinate of P = ⇒ =4 ∵ x − coordinte of P = 4 ( given ) 
λ +1 λ +1
⇒ λ=2
Putting λ = 2 in (i) we get: OP = 4iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and so the z-coordinate of P is −1.

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109. Ans. (d), The position vectors of the vertices A and B of ∆AOB are OA = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and
OB = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ respectively.

∴ The lengths of the sides OA and OB are OA = OA = 22 + 22 + 1 = 9 = 3.

O
OB = OB = 2 2 + 42 + 42 = 36 = 6 .
Let OD be the internal bisector of ∠BOA.
Then, D divides BA in the ratio OB : OA i.e. 6 : 3 i.e., 2 :1 6 3

( ) ( )
2 OA + 1 OB
So, the p.v. of D =
2 +1
=
1
3
{( ) (
2 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ + 1 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ )} B D A

1 ˆ 1 1 2 2 136
=
3
( ) 3
( )
6i + 8 ˆj + 6kˆ i.e., OD = 6iˆ + 8 ˆj + 6kˆ , ∴ OD = OD =
3
6 + 8 + 62 =
3
.

136
i.e. the length of the internal bisector of ∠BOA = .
3
110. Ans. (c), In parallelogram OACB we have: OA + AC = OC ⇒ AC = OC − OA …(i)
Also, OA + AB = OB ⇒ OA + AB = AC …(ii) ∵ OB = AC since OACB is a parallelogram 
 
From (i) and (ii), we get: OC − OA = OA + AB ⇒ 2OA = OC − AB = a − b B C
1
⇒ OA =
2
a −b ( )
Another Method: M
Let M be the point where the diagonals OC and AB meet.
O A
The diagonal of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ M is the midpoint of both OC and AB.
1
Since M is the midpoint of OC , so its p.v. is (a) ∵ OC = a 
 
2
1
And since M is the midpoint of AB, so its p.v. is
2
(
OA + OB )
1 1
(
∴ a = OA + OB
2 2
) (
⇒ a = OA + OB = OA + OA + AB = 2 OA + b ) ( ) ∵ AB = b 
 
1
⇒ OA = a − b .
2
( )
111. Ans. (a), The p.v.s. of A, B, C and D are OA = 7iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ ,
OB = iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ, OC = −iˆ − 3 ˆj + 4kˆ and OD = 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ respectively.

∴ AB = OB − OA = −6iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
2 2
⇒ AB = AB = ( −6 ) + ( −2 ) + 32 = 7.

BC = OC − OB = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ
2 2
⇒ BC = BC = ( −2 ) + 32 + ( −6 ) = 7, A
D
CD = OD − OC = 6iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ
2
⇒ CD = CD = 62 + 2 2 + ( −3) = 7,

DA = OA − OD = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ
2
⇒ DA = DA = 2 2 + ( −3) + 62 = 7 B C

Also, AC = OC − OA = −8iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ

2 2
⇒ AC = AC = ( −8 ) + 12 + ( −3) = 74

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and BD = OD − OB = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj − 9kˆ
2
⇒ BD = BD = 42 + 52 + ( −9 ) = 122
Clearly, the sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are all equal i.e. AB = BC = CD = AD.
But the diagonals are not equal i.e. AC ≠ BD , ∴ ABCD is a rhombus.
112. Ans. (b), Let b and c be the position vectors of the vertices B and C with respect to A taken as the origin.
2c + 3b
Since M divides BC in the ratio 2 : 3 , so its p.v. is given by m = …(i)
5
Since N divides CA in the ratio 1: 4 , so its p.v. is given by A
n=
(1) 0 + ( 4 ) c = 4c …(ii)
5 5
Q N
From (i) and (ii), we get: 10m = 5n + 6b …(iii) P
10 5n + 6b
⇒ m= B C
11 11 M
10
Clearly, P divides BN (internally) in the ratio 5 : 6 and its p.v. is given by p = m …(iv)
11
11 2c + 3b 11
From (iv) we have: m = p ⇒ = p ⇒ 11 p = 4c + 6b
10 5 10
11 p − 4c 6b
⇒ 11 p − 4c = 6b ⇒ = .
7 7

Clearly, Q divides CP (externally) in the ratio 11: 4 and its p.v. is Q =

6b 6b + 1 0
=
()
.
7 7
∴ Q divides AB in the ratio 6 :1 i.e. AQ : QB = 6 :1 .
113. Ans. (d), The position vectors of the points A, B, C and D are
OA = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ, OB = − ˆj − kˆ, OC = 3iˆ + 9 ˆj + 4kˆ , OD = −4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ respectively.
∴ AB = OB − OA = −4iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ, AC = OC = OA = −iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ and AD = OD − OA = −8iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ
−4 −6 −2
Now, we have, −1 4 3 = −4 (12 + 3) + 6 ( −3 + 24 ) − 2 (1 + 32 ) = 0.
−8 −1 3
∴ AB, AC , AD are coplanar vectors and hence the points A, B, C and D are also coplanar.
Now, we shall test for the collinearity of the points A, B and C .

( ) (
Let AB = λ AC , Then, −4iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ = λ −iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ ) ⇒ − 4 = −λ , − 6 = 4λ , − 2 = 3λ

Clearly, λ cannot have any real value such that AB = λ AC.

Hence, the points A, B and C are non-collinear and so all the four points A, B, C and D are non-
collinear.
114. Ans. (d), We have, A + B = A + B

( )
⇒ A, B are collinear ⇒ iˆ + λ ˆj + kˆ = t iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ⇒ t = 1, t = λ Hence λ = 1

115. Ans. (d), The given position vectors of three consecutive vertices A, B and C of a rhombus ABCD are
a = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, b = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ, and c = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ respectively.

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Let the position vector of vertex D be d = d1iˆ + d 2 ˆj + d3 kˆ. A (a)

Join A, C and B, D .
Let the diagonals AC and BD meet at M .
The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
So, M is the midpoint of both AC and BD .
(b ) B M
D d ( )
1
Now, M is the midpoint of AC ⇒ p.v.of M = (a + c )
2
C (c )
=
1 ˆ
2
{( ) (
i + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ + 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ )}1 ˆ
2
ˆ {
= 5i + 7 j + 6k ˆ } …(i)

Also, M is the midpoint of BD ⇒ p.v.of M = b + d =

1
2
1
2
( ) {( ) (
2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ + d1iˆ + d 2 ˆj + d 3 kˆ )}
1
{
= ( 2 + d1 ) iˆ + ( 4 + d 2 ) ˆj + ( 5 + d 3 ) kˆ
2
} …(ii)

1 ˆ 1
From (i) and (ii) we get:
2
( ) {
5i + 7 ˆj + 6kˆ = ( 2 + d1 ) iˆ + ( 4 + d 2 ) ˆj + ( 5 + d3 ) kˆ
2
}
On comparing we get: 5 = 2 + d1 , 7 = 4 + d 2 , 6 = 5 + d3 ⇒ d1 = 3, d 2 = 3, d 3 = 1.
∴ The position vector of the fourth vertex D is 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ.
Another Method:
A rhombus is also a parallelogram., ∴ BA = CD ⇒ ( p.v.of A − p.v.of B ) = ( p.v.of D − p.v.of C )

⇒ {(iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) − ( 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ )} = {( d iˆ + d ˆj + d kˆ ) − ( 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ )}

1 2 3

⇒ − iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ = ( d1 − 4 ) iˆ + ( d 2 − 5 ) ˆj + ( d 3 − 3) kˆ
On comparing, we get : −1 = d1 − 4, − 2 = d 2 − 5, − 2 = d3 − 3 , ∴ d1 = 3, d 2 = 3, d3 = 1.
Thus, the p.v. of D is d = 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ.

116. Ans. (d), The orthogonal projection of a on b =

( a. b ) b .
2
b

117. Ans. (c), The projection of the vector iˆ + ˆj + kˆ along the vector ˆj =
(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) . ˆj = 1
= 1.
ˆj 1

(
118. Ans. (c), AB. AC = OB − OA . OC − OA )( )
{( ) ( )} {( ) (
= 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ − iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ . 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ − iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ )}
= ( 2iˆ − ˆj − 5kˆ ) . ( iˆ − 5 ˆj − 2kˆ ) = 2 + 5 + 10 = 17.

( )( ) 2 2
119. Ans. (b), a + b . a − b = a 2 − b 2 = a − b =0 ∵ a = b 
 
⇒ (a + b ) ⊥ (a − b )
2 2
120. Ans. (a), a + b = 0 ⇒ b = − a , ∴ a. b = a. ( − a ) = − a 2 = − a = − (1) = −1 ∵ a = 1

121. Ans. (b), a and b are mutually perpendicular ⇒ a. b = 0 ⇒ (1)( x ) + ( x )( 3) + ( −2 )( −4 ) = 0

⇒ x + 3x + 8 = 0 ⇒ 4x + 8 = 0 ⇒ x = −2

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( )

( )(
122. Ans. (d), b . c = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ . 5iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ = 15 + 8 − 1 = 22 )
( ) (
∴ a b . c = a ( 22 ) = 22a = 22 4iˆ + 8 ˆj − kˆ = 88iˆ + 176 ˆj − 22kˆ )
123. Ans. (c), 2 ( x. y ) = x y ⇒ 2{ x y cos θ } = x y where θ is the angle between x and y
1 π π
⇒ 2 cos θ = 1 ⇒ cos θ = = cos ⇒θ = .
2 3 3
( )( )
124. Ans. (d), a + b . a − b = 0 ⇒ a . a − a. b + b . a − b . b = 0 ⇒ a 2 − b 2 = 0 ∵ a. b = b . a 
 
2 2 2 2
⇒ a − b =0 ⇒ a = b ⇒ a = b .

(
125. Ans. (d), a + b . a − b , )( ) a. a − a. b + b . a − b . b = a 2 − a. b + a. b − b 2 ∵ b . a = a. b 
 
2 2
= a2 − b 2 = a − b = a2 − b2 .

126. Ans. (d), b . a = c . a ⇒ b . a − c. a = 0 ⇒ a. b − a. c = 0 (

⇒ a. b − c = 0)
⇒ a is perpendicular to b − c . ( )
127. Ans. (a), The particle is displaced from point r1 to point r2 .

(
Displacement vector d = r2 − r1 = 3iˆ + 8 ˆj − 5kˆ − iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ . ) ( )
(
∴ Work done W = F . d = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ . 2iˆ + 3 ˆj 2 − 2kˆ = 2 + 6 − 8 = 0.)( )
a. b ( 2i − j + k ) . ( i − 2 j + k )
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
2 + 2 +1 5
128. Ans. (b), Projection of a on b = = = = .
b 2
12 + ( −2 ) + 12 6 6

[∵ x. y = 0]
2 2
129. Ans. (b), x + y = ( x + y ) = x 2 + y 2 + 2 x. y = x 2 + y 2
2 2
= x + y =2 ⇒ x + y = 2. ∵ x = y = 1

130. Ans. (d), a. b = − a b ⇒ a b cos θ = − a b

where θ is the angle between a and b ⇒ cos θ = −1 = cos180° ⇒ θ = 180°.

( ) ( )
2
131. Ans. (a), a = b + c ⇒ a2 = b + c = b 2 + c 2 + 2b . c

2 2 2 π  π
⇒ a = b + c + 2 b c cos ⇒ a2 = b2 + c2 ∵ Angle between b and c is 2 
2

( )
2
132. Ans. (b), a + b + c = 0 ⇒ a + c = −b ⇒ ( a + c ) . b = − b . b ⇒ a. b + c . b = − b ∵ b . b = b 2 = b 2 
 

⇒ a . b + b . c = −9 ∵ c . b = b . c and b = 3
 
133. Ans. (c), OA ⊥ OB ⇒ OA. OB = 0 ⇒ 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ . aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ = 0 ⇒ 2a + 3b − 4c = 0 ( )( )
⇒ 2a + 3b = 4c. Out of the given alternatives, equation (i) is satisfied only if ( a, b, c ) = ( 4, 4, 5 ) .

134. Ans. (b), The vectors iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ and iˆ + 3 xjˆ + 2 ykˆ are orthogonal

( )(
⇒ iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ . iˆ + 3 xjˆ + 2 ykˆ = 0 ⇒ 1 − 6 x 2 − 6 y 2 = 0 )

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 21
1
⇒ x 2 + y 2 = . which clearly represents a circle. Hence, the locus of the point ( x, y ) is a circle.
6
135. Ans. (b), The vector a = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 5kˆ is perpendicular to the vector b = ckˆ − ˆj + 6iˆ = 6iˆ − ˆj + ckˆ
⇒ a. b = 0 ( )(
⇒ 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − 5kˆ . 6iˆ − ˆj + ckˆ = 0 ⇒ `18 + 2 − 5c = 0 ) ⇒ c = 4.

136. Ans. (b), The component of a along b =

( a. b ) b
=
{( 4iˆ + 6 ˆj ) .( 3 ˆj + 4kˆ )} ( 3 ˆj + 4kˆ )
b
2
(3 2
+ 42 )

{( 4 )( 0 ) + ( 6 )( 3) + ( 0 )( 4 )} . 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
=
25
( ) = 18
25
(3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) .
137. Ans. (c), ∠AOB = 60° ⇒ Angle θ between the vectors OA and OB is 60°
B
and, OA = 5, OB = BO = 6

1
∴ OA. OB = OA OB cos θ = ( 5 )( 6 ) cos 60° = ( 5 )( 6 )   = 15.
2 60°
O A
138. Ans. (d), If a and b are two adjacent sides of a rhombus, then
2 2
a = b ⇒ a = b ⇒ a2 = b 2 ⇒ a. a = b . b .

139. Ans. (c), Orthogonal projection of b on a =

( a. b ) a
2
a

4
(
⇒ iˆ − ˆj − kˆ = )
{(iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) .( λiˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ )} (iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) ⇒
4 ( λ + 3 − 1)
= ⇒ 4=λ+2 ⇒ λ = 2.
{ 1 + ( −1) + ( −1) }
2
3 2 2 2 3 3

( )
2 2
140. Ans. (b), a − b = 1 ⇒ a −b = 12 = 1 ⇒ a − b =1 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 − 2a. b = 1
2 2
⇒ a + b − 2 a b cos θ = 1 where θ is the angle between a and b

⇒ 12 + 12 − 2 (1)(1) cos θ = 1 ∵ a = b = 1
 
1 π
⇒ cos θ = ⇒θ = .
2 3
141. Ans. (a), The projection of the vector a = (1, 1, 0 ) = iˆ + ˆj in the direction of the vector

b = (1, 2, 2 ) = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ is equal to

( a.b ) = ( iˆ + ˆj ) .( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 1 + 2 + 0 = 3 = 1.
b 12 + 22 + 22 9 3

( ) + (a − b ) = (a ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
142. Ans. (a), We have: a + b + a −b = a +b + b 2 + 2 a. b + a 2 + b 2 − 2 a. b

(
= 2 a2 + b 2 ) (
=2 a + b
2 2
) = 2 ( 62 + 82 ) = 200 ⇒ a + b + 100 = 200
2
∵ a − b = 10 
 
2
⇒ a +b = 100 ⇒ a + b = 10.

143. Ans. (b), a and b are orthogonal vectors ⇒ a. b = 0 ⇒ ( 2cos α )( −2 cos α ) + ( 0 ) . ( −1) + (1) . (1) = 0
1 π π
⇒ 1 − 4 cos 2 α = 0 ⇒ cos 2 α = = cos 2 ⇒ α = nπ ± .
4 3 3
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22 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( )
144. Ans. (b), The vectors a = aiˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = −iˆ + 5 ˆj + akˆ are perpendicular to each other

(
⇒ a. b = 0 ⇒ aiˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ . −iˆ + 5 ˆj + akˆ = 0 )( ) ⇒ − a + 10 + 3a = 0 ⇒ a = −5.

( )
145. Ans. (d), a + tb and c are mutually perpendicular to each other ⇒ a + tb . c = 0 ( )
⇒ {(iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) + t ( −iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ )}.( 3iˆ + ˆj ) = 0 { }(
⇒ (1 − t ) iˆ + ( 2 + 2tˆ ) ˆj + ( 3 + t ) kˆ . 3iˆ + ˆj = 0 )
⇒ 3 (1 − t ) + ( 2 + 2t ) = 0 ⇒ 5−t = 0 ⇒ t = 5.

( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
146. Ans. (c), a + b = a − b ⇒ a +b = a −b ⇒ a +b . a +b = a −b . a −b

⇒ a.a + b .b + 2a. b = a. a + b .b − 2a. b ∵ a. b = b . a 

 
2 2 2 2
⇒ a + b + 2 a. b = a + b − 2a. b ⇒ 4 a. b = 0 ⇒ a. b = 0 ⇒ a ⊥ b.

147. Ans. (b), The particle is displaced from point A (1, 2, 3) to the points B ( 3, 4, 5) .
Then, p.v. of A = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and p.v. of B = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ
Displacement vector d = AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ

(
∴ Work done W = F . d = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ . 2i + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ = 4 − 6 + 4 = 2. )( )
148. Ans. (d), a ⋅ b = −1 ⇒ a b cos θ = −1 where θ is the angle between a and b
−1 −1 −1 2π 2π
⇒ cos θ = = = = cos ⇒θ =
a b ( 2 )( 2 ) 2 3 3

149. Ans. (b), The vectors a = xiˆ + ˆj − kˆ, b = yjˆ + kˆ and c = iˆ + ˆj + zkˆ are mutually perpendicular.

(
So, a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0 Now, a ⋅ b = 0 ⇒ xiˆ + ˆj − kˆ ⋅ yjˆ + kˆ = 0 ⇒ y − 1 = 0 ⇒ y = 1 ; )( )
( )( )
b ⋅ c = 0 ⇒ yjˆ + kˆ ⋅ iˆ + ˆj + zkˆ = 0 ⇒ y + z = 0 ⇒ z = − y = −1 [∵ y = 1]
c ⋅a = 0 ⇒ ( iˆ + ˆj + zkˆ ) ⋅ ( xiˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) = 0 ⇒ x + 1 − z = 0 ⇒ x = z − 1 = −2 [∵ z = −1]
∴ ( x, y, z ) = ( −2, 1, − 1)
150. Ans. (d), The given vectors are a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ and b = 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ .
Let θ be the angle between a and b .

Then, cos θ =
a ⋅b
=
( 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ ) ⋅ ( 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ) =
4 − 3 −1
= 0 = cos
π
⇒θ =
π
a b 2 2 + 32 + 12 22 + ( −1) + ( −1)
2 2
14 6 2 2

( ) (
151. Ans. (b), a + b and a − b are perpendicular ) (
⇒ a +b ⋅ a −b = 0 )( )
2
⇒ a2 − a ⋅b + b ⋅ a − a2 = 0 ⇒ a − b
2
=0 ∵ a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a , a 2 = a 2 , b 2 = b 2 
 

( ) −( )
2 2
⇒ 12 + 12 + t 2 12 + 22 + 32 =0 ⇒ ( 2 + t 2 ) − 14 = 0 ⇒ t 2 = 12 ⇒ t = ±2 3

( ) (
152. Ans. (b), a + b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ + 3iˆ − ˆj + dkˆ = 4iˆ + ˆj + ( −3 + d ) kˆ )

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 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 23

( ) (
and a − b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ − 3iˆ − ˆj + dkˆ = −2iˆ + 3kˆ − ( 3 + d ) kˆ )
(
Now, a + b ⊥ a − b ) ( ) (
⇒ a +b ⋅ a −b = 0 )( ) { }{ }
⇒ 4iˆ + ˆj + ( −3 + d ) kˆ ⋅ −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − ( 3 + d ) kˆ = 0

⇒ − 8 + 3 − ( d 2 − 9) = 0 ⇒ d2 = 4 ⇒ d ±2

) ( )
153. Ans. (a), AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ = iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ (
BC = p.v. of C − p.v. of B = ( 2iˆ − kˆ ) − ( 2iˆ + 3 ˆj ) = −3 ˆj − kˆ

∴ Projection of AB on BC =
AB ⋅ BC
=
( iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ ) ⋅ ( −3 ˆj − kˆ ) 0 − 15 + 1 −14
= =
BC 2
( −3) + ( −1)
2
10 10

154. Ans. (a), Since a , b , c are mutually orthogonal, so we have : a ⊥ c and b ⊥ c

( )( )
and b ⋅ c = 0 ⇒ iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ ⋅ λ iˆ + ˆj + µ kˆ and 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ ⋅ λ iˆ + ˆj + µ kˆ = 0 ( )( )
⇒ λ − 1 + 2 µ = 0 and 2λ + 4 + µ = 0 , Solving these equations we get:
155. Ans. (d), The vectors 3 xiˆ + yjˆ − 3kˆ and xiˆ − 4 yjˆ + 4kˆ are orthogonal

( )(
⇒ 3 xiˆ + yjˆ − 3kˆ ⋅ xiˆ − 4 yjˆ + 4kˆ = 0 ⇒ 3 x 2 − 4 y 2 − 12 = 0)
⇒ 3 x 2 − 4 y 2 = 12 which clearly represents a hyperbola. ∴ Locus of ( x, y ) is a hyperbola.

156. Ans. (a), a + λ c ⊥ b ⇒ ( a + λc ) ⋅ b = 0 ⇒ {(iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) + λ ( 2iˆ + ˆj )} ⋅{−iˆ + kˆ} = 0

⇒ {( 2λ + 1) iˆ + ( λ + 1) ˆj − kˆ} ⋅{−iˆ + kˆ} = 0 ⇒ − ( 2λ + 1) + 0 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 2λ = −2 ⇒ λ = −1

157. Ans. (a), The particle is displaced from a point A having position vector a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ to a point B
which is at a unit distance on z -axis. Clearly, the position vector of B is b = kˆ .
∴ Displacement vector d = AB = b − a = kˆ − iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ = −iˆ + 2 ˆj ( )
(
Work done W = F ⋅ d = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ ⋅ −iˆ + 2 ˆj = −2 + 4 = 2 units )( )
6
158. Ans. (d), Projection of a along b = − (given)
3
5π
a b cos
⇒
a ⋅b
=−
6
⇒ 6 = − 6 ⇒ a cos 5π = − 6
b 3 b 3 6 3

 π  −6  3  −6  −6 2 
⇒ a  − cos  =
6
⇒ a  −  = ⇒ a = × =4
 3  2  3  3 − 3

( )
2
159. Ans. (a), We have : a + b + c = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2a ⋅ b + 2b ⋅ c + 2c ⋅ a

( )
2 2 2
⇒ a +b +c = a + b + c + 2 a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅a

(
⇒ 0 = 32 + 42 + 52 + 2 a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) ∵ a + b + c = 0, a = 3, b = 4, c = 5
 
50
⇒ a ⋅b + b ⋅c + c ⋅ a = − = −25
2
160. Ans. (a), Vectors 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ and piˆ + qjˆ + rkˆ are perpendicular when

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)

( )( )
3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ ⋅ piˆ + qjˆ + rkˆ = 0 i.e. when 3 p − 4q + 2r = 0
From the given alternatives only the values p = 4, q = 5, r = 4 satisfy equation (i).
Hence, we have : p = 4, q = 5, r = 4 so that the given vectors are perpendicular.
2
161. Ans. (b), We have : ( x − y ) = x 2 + y 2 − 2 x ⋅ y
2 2 2
⇒ x−y = x + y − 2 x y cos x [∵ π is the angle between x and y ]
2
⇒ x−y = 2 − 2 cos π ∵ x = y = 1

[∵ cos π = −1]
2
⇒ x−y = 2 (1 − cos π ) = 4
1
⇒ x−y =2 ⇒ x − y =1
2
( )
2
162. Ans. (b), We have : a − b = a 2 + b 2 − 2a ⋅ b
2 2
⇒ a −b = a + b − 2 a b cos 60° [∵ The angle between a and b is 60° ]
2 1
⇒ a −b = 12 + 12 − 2 (1)(1)   = 1 [∵ a and b are unit vectors]
2
⇒ a −b =1

( )
2 2
163. Ans. (b), a − b is a unit vector ⇒ a −b =1 ⇒ a −b =1 ⇒ a −b =1
2 2
⇒ a 2 + b 2 − 2a ⋅ b = 1 ⇒ a + b − 2 a b cos α = 1 [∵ α is the angle between a and b ]

⇒ 12 + 12 − 2 (1)(1) cos α = 1 ∵ a = b = 1
 
1 π π
⇒ cos α = = cos ⇒α =
2 3 3
164. Ans. (c), The vector a = ( sin θ ) iˆ + ( cos θ ) ˆj is perpendicular to the vector b = iˆ − 3 ˆj

⇒ a ⋅b = 0 ⇒ {( sin θ ) iˆ + ( cos θ ) ˆj} ⋅ {iˆ − }

3 ˆj = 0 ⇒ sin θ − 3 cos θ = 0 ⇒ sin θ = 3 cos θ

π π
⇒ tan θ = 3 = tan ⇒θ =
3 3
( ) ( ) (
165. Ans. (b), 2a − c = 2 −iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ − −2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ = ˆj + kˆ and a + b = −iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ + 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ = iˆ + kˆ ) ( )
∴ The angle θ between ( 2a − c ) and a + b is given by ( )
cos θ =
( 2a − c ) ⋅ ( a + b )
=
( ˆj + kˆ ) ⋅ (iˆ + kˆ ) = 1 = cos π ⇒θ =
π
2a − c a + b 12 + 12 12 + 12 2 3 3

166. Ans. (d), We have : AB = ( 4 − 3) iˆ + ( −4 + 2 ) ˆj + ( 4 − 1) kˆ = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ

CD = ( 8 − 5 ) iˆ + ( −1 − 1) ˆj + ( −3 + 4 ) kˆ = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ

∴ p = Projection of AB on CD =
AB ⋅ CD
=
( iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) ⋅ ( 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ )
=
10
CD 2
32 + ( −2 ) + 12 14
2
2  10 
Now, 7 p + 5 = 7   + 5 = 55
 14 

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 25

6 a ⋅b
167. Ans. (b), Magnitude of projection of a on b = = 2 3 (given) ⇒ =2 3
3 b
5π
a b cos 
6 3  5π  π π − 3
⇒ =2 3 ⇒ a  −  = 2 3 ∵ cos = cos  π −  = − cos = 
b  2   6  6 6 2 

 3
⇒ a   = 2 3 ⇒ a =4
 2 
168. Ans. (c), a + λb is perpendicular to a − λ b ⇒ a + λb ⋅ a − λ b = 0 ( )( )
( ) ( )
2
⇒ a 2 − λ a ⋅ b + λ b ⋅ a − λ 2b 2 = 0 ⇒ a − λ 2 b ∵ a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a , a 2 = a 2 , b 2 = b 2 
2
=0
 
9 3 3
⇒ 32 − λ 2 42 = 0 ⇒ λ 2 = ⇒ λ = ± , One of the possible values of λ is
16 4 4
169. Ans. (c), The vectors p = aiˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, q = iˆ + bjˆ + 2kˆ and r = 2iˆ + ckˆ are mutually perpendicular.
∴ p⋅q = q ⋅r = r ⋅ p = 0
Now, p ⋅ q = 0 ( )( )
⇒ aiˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ⋅ iˆ + bjˆ + 2kˆ = 0 ⇒ a + b + 4 = 0 ⇒ a + b = −4 …(i)

q ⋅r = 0 ( )( )
⇒ iˆ + bjˆ + 2kˆ ⋅ 2iˆ + ckˆ = 0 ⇒ 2 + 2c = 0 ⇒ c = −1 …(ii)

r⋅p=0 ⇒ ( 2iˆ + ckˆ ) ⋅ ( aiˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) = 0 ⇒ 2 a + 2c = 0 ⇒ a = −c …(iii)

Soling (i), (ii) and (iii), we get : a = 1, b = −5, c = −1 , ∴ ( a, b, c ) = (1, − 5, − 1)

170. Ans. (d), Let θ be the angle between the vectors a = 2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 12iˆ − 4 ˆj + 3kˆ .

Then, cos θ =
a ⋅b
=
( 2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ ) ⋅ (12iˆ − 4 ˆj + 3kˆ )
=
24 − 24 + 9
=
9 9 9
= , ∴ θ = cos −1  
a b 2 2 + 62 + 32 122 + ( −4 ) + 32
2
49 169 7 × 13 91  91 

( )
2 2 2 2
171. Ans. (b), We have : a − b = a 2 + b 2 − 2a ⋅ b ⇒ a −b = a + b − 2 a b cos θ
2
⇒ a −b = 2 − 2 cos θ ∵ a = b = 1
 
θ
2 2sin 2
2 a −b 1 − cos θ 2 = sin 2 θ a −b θ
⇒ a −b = 2 (1 − cos θ ) ⇒ = = ⇒ = sin
2 2 2 2 2 2

(
172. Ans. (d), a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ , ∴ a + b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ + 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ = 4iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) ( )
( ) ( )
and a − b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ − 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 5kˆ

We have : ( a + b ) ⋅ ( a − b ) = ( 4iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ) ⋅ ( −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 5kˆ ) = ( −8 ) + 3 + 5 = 0

( ) ( )
⇒ a + b ⊥ a − b i.e. the angle between a + b and a − b is 90° ( ) ( )
2 2
Another Method : We have : a = 12 + 22 + ( −3) = 14 , b = 32 + ( −1) + 22 = 14

Clearly, a = b and so a + b ⊥ a − b ( ) ( ) ( ) (
∵ a = b ⇒ a + b ⊥ a − b for all vectors a and b 
  )
173. Ans. (c), a = b = c = 1 (Given), Since, a , b , c are mutually perpendicular vectors,

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26 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
We have : a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0

( )( ) ( )
2
Now, a + b + c = a + b + c a + b + c ⇒ a + b + c = 3 = a ⋅ a + b ⋅ b + c ⋅ a. + 2 a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a
2 2 2
= a + b + c = 12 + 12 + 12 = 3 ∵ a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0 
 
⇒ a +b +c = 3

( )
2
174. Ans. (c), a + b + c = 0 ⇒ b + c = −a ⇒ b + c = a2 ⇒ b 2 + c 2 + 2b .c = a 2
2 2 2
⇒ b + c + 2 b c cos θ = a

where θ is the angle between the vectors b and c ⇒ 52 + 32 + 2 ( 5 )( 3) cos θ = 7 2

1
⇒ cos θ = = cos 60° ⇒ θ = 60° i.e., angle between the vectors b and c is 60°.
2
a ⋅b
175. Ans. (b), The scalar projection of the vector a = xiˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ on b = 2iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ is
b

∴ =
1
a ⋅b
⇒
( xiˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ) . ( 2iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ )
=
1
⇒
2x + 2 + 5
=
1
⇒ 2 x + 7 = 1 ⇒ x = −3
b 30 22 + ( −1) + 52
2
30 30 30

( ) = (β −α )
2 2 2 2
176. Ans. (d), α + β = β − α ⇒ α +b = β −α ⇒ α +β
2 2 2 2
⇒ α + β + 2α . β = β + α − 2β .α ⇒ 4α ⋅ β = 0 ∵ β ⋅α = α ⋅ β 
 
π
⇒ α ⋅β = 0 ⇒ α is perpendicular to β . Thus, the angle between α and β is .
2
177. Ans. (a), 4 a = 12 b = 3 c = 12 ⇒ a = 3, b = 1, c = 4

( ) =0
2
Now, a + b + c = 0 ⇒ a +b +c ∵ 02 = 0 
 
⇒ ( a + b + c ) ⋅( a + b + c ) = 0 ⇒ a + b 2 2
(
+ c 2 + 2 a ⋅b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a = 0 )
⇒ 3 +`1 + 4 + 2 ( a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) = 0
2 2 2
⇒ a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a = −13.

178. Ans. (a), a and b are unit vectors ⇒ a = b = 1.

∴ a ⋅ b = a b cos θ where θ is the angle between a and b = a b cos 60° ∵ θ = 60° ( given ) 

1 1
= (1)(1)   = .
2 2
(
Now, 2a − 3b ⋅ 4a + b )( ) ( )
= 8 ( a ⋅ a ) + 2 a. b − 12 b . a − 3 b . b( ) ( )
− 10 ( a. b ) − 3 b
2
8 a
2 ∵ a ⋅ a = a 2 = a 2 , b ⋅ b = b 2 = b 2 and b ⋅ a = a ⋅ b 
 
2 1  1
= 8 (1) − 10   − 3 (1) = 0. ∵ a = b = 1, a. b =
2 2 
179. Ans. (d), We have: OP = ( 0 ) iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ = ˆj + 2kˆ and OQ = 4iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
Let θ be the angle between the vectors OP and OQ

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 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 27
Q ( 4, −2,1)
Then, cos θ =
OP ⋅ OQ
=
(
ˆj + 2kˆ 4iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
=
0−2+2 )(
=0
)
OP OQ 2
12 + 2 2 42 + ( −2 ) + 12 5 21

π θ
⇒θ = . O 0, 0, 0 P ( 0,1, 2 )
2 ( )
180. Ans. (d), Let θ be the angle between the given vectors, u = cxiˆ − 6 ˆj + 3kˆ and v = xiˆ + 2 ˆj + 2cxkˆ.
u .v
Then, cos θ =
u v
If θ is obtuse, then cos θ is negative and so, u . v < 0 ∵ v > 0, v > 0 

( )( )
i.e., cxiˆ − 6 ˆj + 3kˆ ⋅ xiˆ + 2 ˆj + 2 xkˆ < 0 i.e., cx 2 − 12 + 6cx < 0

For f ( x ) = cx 2 + 6cx − 12. discontinuous D = 36c 2 + 48c

 4
Clearly, f ( x ) < 0 if ( c < 0 and D < 0 ) i.e., if c < 0 and 36c 2 + 48c < 0 i.e. if c < 0 and c  c +  < 0
 3
4
i.e., if − < c < 0.
3
181. Ans. (d), The resultant force acting on the particle F = P1 + P2 + P3

( ) ( ) (
= 10iˆ − ˆj + 11kˆ + 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 6kˆ + −2iˆ + ˆj − 9kˆ = 12iˆ + 5 ˆj + 8kˆ )
The particle is displaced from the point A ( 5, − 5, − 7 ) to the point B ( 6, 2, − 2 ) .
Then, p.v. of A = 5iˆ − 5 ˆj − 7 kˆ and p.v.of B = 6iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ

( ) (
Displacement vector d = AB = p.v.of B − p.v.of A = 6iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ − 5iˆ − 5 ˆj − 7 kˆ = iˆ + 7 ˆj + 5kˆ. )
∴ Work done W = F ⋅ d = (12iˆ + 5 ˆj + 8kˆ ) ⋅ ( iˆ + 7 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = 12 + 35 + 40 = 87

182. Ans. (d), The position vectors of A, B and C are a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ and c = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ
respectively.
∴ AB = p.v.of B − p.v.of A = b − a = −iˆ − 2 ˆj − 6kˆ, AC = p.v.of C − p.v.of A = c − a = iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ.

Now, cos A =
AB ⋅ AC
=
( −iˆ − 2 ˆj − 6kˆ ) ⋅ (iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ ) A
2 2 2 2 2
AB AC ( −1) + ( −2 ) + ( −6 ) 12 + ( −3) + ( −5 )

−1 + 6 + 30 35 35
= = , ∴ cos 2 A = .
41 35 41 41 B C
183. Ans. (a), Let θ be the angle between a and b , then 90° < θ < 180°.

Now, cos θ =
a. b
=
( λiˆ − 7 ˆj + 3kˆ ) ⋅ ( λiˆ + ˆj + 2λkˆ ) =
λ 2 − 7 + 6λ
…(i)
2 2
a b λ + ( −7 ) + 3
2 2
λ + 1 + ( 2λ )
2 2
λ 2 + 58 5λ 2 + 1
We have : 90° < θ < 180° ⇒ cos θ < 0 ⇒ λ 2 − 7 + 6λ < 0 [Using (i)]
⇒ ( λ − 1)( λ + 7 ) < 0 ⇒ −7 < λ <1

184. Ans. (c), x ⊥ ( y + λ z ) ⇒ x ⋅( y + λ z ) = 0 (

⇒ 3iˆ + ˆj ){( 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) + λ ( −iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ )} = 0
( ){ }
⇒ 3iˆ + ˆj ⋅ ( 2 − λ ) iˆ + ( 2 + 2λ ) ˆj + ( 3 + λ ) kˆ = 0 ⇒ 3 ( 2 − λ ) + ( 2 + 2λ ) + 0 = 0 ⇒ 8 − λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 8.

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Another Method: x ⊥ ( y + λ z ) ⇒ x. ( y + λ z ) = 0 ⇒ x ⋅ y + λx ⋅z = 0

⇒ λ=−
x⋅y
=−
(
3iˆ + ˆj ⋅ 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ )( ) =−
( 6 + 2 + 0 ) = 8.
x. z (
3iˆ + ˆj ⋅ −iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ )( ) ( −3 + 2 + 0 )
1+ 3  1+ 3 
185. Ans. (a), a + b is a vector of length ⇒ a + b =  
2  2 
2
 1+ 3 
( )
2 2
⇒ a +b =   = 2 + 3 ⇒ a + b = 2+ 3 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 + 2 a. b = 2 + 3
 2 
2 2
⇒ a + b + 2 a b cos α = 2 + 3 ∵ Angle between a and b is α 
 
3 π π
⇒ 2 + 2 cos α = 2 + 3 ⇒ cos α = = cos ⇒α = .
2 6 6
186. Ans. (c) , We have a = b = c = 1 ∵ a , b , c are unit vectors 
 
Since a , b , c are mutually perpendicular, so we have: a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c = c ⋅ a = 0

( )
2 2
Now, a + b − c = a +b −c = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2a . b − 2b . c − 2c . a
2 2 2
= a + b + c ∵ a. b = b . c = c . a = 0 
 
= 12 + 12 + 12 = 3 ⇒ a 2 + b 2 − c 2 = 3.
187. Ans. (d), The position vectors of the points A, B, C and D are
OA = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ, OB = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ, OC = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and OD = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ respectively.

( ) (
∴ AB = OB − OA = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj − 3kˆ − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and CD = OD − OC )
( ) ( )
= 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ − iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ , Let θ be the angle between AB and CD .

Then, cos θ =
AB. CD
=
(iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ ) ⋅ ( 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) =
2+ 6−8
=0 ⇒θ =
π
.
AB CD 12 + 2 2 + ( −2 )
2
22 + 32 + 4 2 3 39 2

π
∴ The angle between the lines AB and CD is .
2
188. Ans. (c), The position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of the triangle ABC are a = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ,
b = 6iˆ + 11 ˆj + 2kˆ, and c = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 6kˆ respectively.
Now, cosine of angle A of the triangle = cosine angle θ between the vectors AB and AC .
We have: AB = p.v.of B − p.v.of A = b − a = 5iˆ + 12 ˆj A (1, −1, 2 )
and AC = p.v.of B − p.v.of A = c − a = 3 ˆj + 4kˆ
θ
AB. AC ( 5iˆ + 12 ˆj ) ⋅ ( 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) 36 36
Then, cos θ = = = = .
AB AC 5 + 12 2 2
3 +42 2 13 × 5 65
B C
36 ( 2, 6 )
∴ cos A = cos θ = . ( 6,11, 2 ) 1,
65
189. Ans. (a), The vectors α iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and 2α iˆ + α ˆj − 4kˆ are perpendicular to each other if

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( )( )
α iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ ⋅ 2α iˆ + α ˆj − 4kˆ = 0 i.e. if 2α 2 − 2α − 4 = 0 i.e. if α 2 − α − 2 = 0
i.e., if (α − 2 )(α + 1) = 0 i.e., if α = 2 or α = −1.

190. Ans. (a), Let PQ = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ.

PQ, iˆ
Projection of PQ on OX = 12 ⇒
1
(
= 12 ⇒ α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ , iˆ = 12 ⇒ α = 12. )
PQ, kˆ
Projection of PQ on OZ = 4 ⇒
1
(
= 4 ⇒ α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ , kˆ = 4 ⇒ γ = 4. )
∴ PQ = 12iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ⇒ PQ = 122 + 32 + 42 = 169 = 13.
 1  1  8
191. Ans. (d), a = 8b and c = −7b ⇒ a = 8b and b =  −  c ⇒ a = 8  − c  = − c .
 7  7  7
∴ a and c are parallel vectors and the direction of a is opposite to that of c . So, the angle between a and c is π .
Another Method:

We have: a = 8b and c = −b , If θ is the angle between a and c then cos θ =

a. c
=
( )(
8b ⋅ −7b )
a c 8b − 7b

=
( )
−56 b ⋅ b
=−
56b 2
= −1. ∵ b 2
= b2
2
56 b 2  
8 −7 b

⇒ θ = π i.e., the angle between a and b is π .

(
6 9iˆ + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ )= 6
192. Ans. (b), The farce acting on the particle is F =
9 +6 +2 2 2 2 11
(9iˆ + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ )
The particle is displaced from the point A having position vector
3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 15kˆ to the point B having position vector 7iˆ − 6 ˆj + 8kˆ.

(
∴ Displacement vector d = ( p.v.of B ) − ( p.v.of A ) = 7iˆ − 6 ˆj + 8kˆ − 3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 15kˆ , 4iˆ − 10 ˆj + 23kˆ ) ( )
6 ˆ 6 6
Work done W = F . d =
11
( )( 11
)
9i + 6 ˆj + 2kˆ ⋅ 4iˆ − 10 ˆj + 23kˆ = ( 36 − 60 + 46 ) = × 22 = 12 units.
11
2 2
193. Ans. (c), We have: nˆ1 + nˆ2 = ( nˆ1 + nˆ2 ) = nˆ12 + nˆ22 + 2nˆ1. nˆ2

[∵ Angle between nˆ1 and nˆ2 is 60°]

2 2
= nˆ1 + nˆ2 + 2 nˆ1 nˆ2 cos 60°
1
= 12 + 12 + 2 (1)(1)   = 3 ∵ nˆ1 = 1, nˆ2 = 1
2
2 2 2 2
⇒ nˆ1 + nˆ2 = 3 and nˆ1 − nˆ2 = ( nˆ1 − nˆ2 ) = nˆ12 + nˆ22 − 2nˆ1nˆ2 = nˆ1 + nˆ2 − 2 nˆ1 nˆ2 cos 60°

1 nˆ1 + nˆ2 3

= 12 + 12 − 2 (1)(1)   = 1 ⇒ nˆ1 + nˆ2 = 1 , ∴ = = 3.
2 nˆ1 − nˆ2 1

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
194. Ans. (c), a + b = a − b ⇒ a +b = a −b ⇒ a b + 2 a. b = a + b − 2 a. b

( )
⇒ 4 a. b = 0 ⇒ a ⊥b ∵ a ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0 
 
(b) ( iˆ + ˆj ) and ( xiˆ + kˆ ) are perpendicular ( )(
⇒ iˆ + ˆj ⋅ xiˆ + kˆ = 0 ) ⇒ x+0+0 = 0 ⇒ x = 0.

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(c) ( ∆ − 1) iˆ − kˆ and iˆ + kˆ are parallel ⇒ ( ∆ − 1) iˆ − kˆ = m iˆ + kˆ ( )
Comparing on both sides, we get: ∆ − 1 = m, − 1 = m ⇒ m = −1, ∆ = 0 ∴ Statement (c) is false.

( )
(d) a , b and a + b are coplanar if a + b is expressible as a linear combination of a and b .

195. Ans. (d), Let a = a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ . Then, a12 + a22 + a33 = a = 1 [∵ a is a unit vector ]
π  1  1 1 1
Now, a ⋅ iˆ = a iˆ cos = (1)(1) 
4  2
=
2
(
⇒ a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ . iˆ = )
2
⇒ a1 =
2
.

Also a. ˆj = a ˆj cos π = (1)(1)  1  = 1 ( )

⇒ a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ . ˆj =
1 1
⇒ a2 = .
3 2 2 2 2
If θ is the angle between a and kˆ, then a. kˆ = a kˆ cos θ = (1)(1)( cos θ ) = cos θ
1 ˆ 1ˆ
( )
⇒ a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ . kˆ = cos θ ⇒ a3 = cos θ . , ∴ a = a1iˆ + a2 ˆj + a3 kˆ =
2
i + j + ( cos θ ) kˆ
2
2 2
 1  1 2
Now, a = 1 ⇒   +  2  + cos θ = 1
 2  
1 1 1 1 π
⇒ + + cos 2 θ = 1 ⇒ cos 2 θ = ⇒ cos θ = ⇒θ = [∵ θ is acute and so cosθ ]
2 4 4 2 3
1 ˆ 1ˆ 1ˆ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
And so, a = i + j+ k =
2 2 2 2
196. Ans. (b), We have: c − 2b = ka …(i) (given)
1 1 1
And a. b = a b cos θ where θ cos −1   = (1)(1)   =
4 4 4
Taking dot product with a on both sides of (i), we get : a. c − 2a. b = k a. a
1  1 2 
⇒ a. c = k + …(ii) ∵ a. b = 4 and a . a = a = 1
2 
Taking dot product with b on both sides of (i), we get: b . c − 2b . b = ka . b
k 2
⇒ b.c = +2 …(iii) ∵ b . b = b = 1
4  
Taking dot product with c on both sides of (i), we get:
2
c . c − 2c . b = kc . a ⇒ 16 − 2b . c = k a. c …(iv) ∵ c .c = c = 42 = 16 
 
Substituting the values of a . c and b . c from (ii) and (iii) in (iv)
k   1
We get: 16 − 2  + 2  = k  k +  ⇒ k 2 + k − 12 = 0 ⇒ ( k + 4 )( k − 3) = 0 ⇒ k = 3or k = −4 .
4   2

( 6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) 5
197. Ans. (c), The three forces acting on the particle are F = 5. 1 =
2
6 +2 +3 2 2 7
( 6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ )
(3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ ) 3 2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ ( 1 )
F2 = 3. (
= . 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ , F3 = 1. ) = 3iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ ( )
32 + ( − 2 ) + 6 2 7 7
2 2 2
22 + ( −3) + ( −6 )

The resultant force acting on the particle F = F1 + F2 + F3

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5 3 1 1
( ) ( ) (
= 6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ + 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ + 2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 6kˆ = 41iˆ + ˆj + 27 kˆ
7 7 7 7
) ( )
The particle is displaced from point A ( 2, − 2, 3) to the point B ( 5, 5, 7 )

The, p.v. of A = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and p.v. of B = 5iˆ + 5 ˆj + 7 kˆ

Displacement vector d = AB = p.v. of B − p.v. of A = 3iˆ + 7 ˆj + 4kˆ
1 1 238
∴ Work done W = F . d =
7
( )( 7
)
41iˆ + ˆj + 27 kˆ . 3iˆ + 7 ˆj + 4kˆ = (123 + 7 + 108 ) =
7
= 34 units.

198. Ans. (d), a × b + b × a = a × b − a × b ( ) ( ) = 0 =0 ( )

∵ b × a = − a × b 
 
iˆ ˆj kˆ
199. Ans. (b), a × b = 2 2 −1 = ( −2 + 3) iˆ − ( −2 + 2 ) ˆj + ( 6 − 4 ) kˆ = iˆ + 2kˆ
2 3 −1
2
1 1 2 2 + ( −4 ) + 4 2 36 6
200. Ans. (c), Area of ∆ ABC = AB × AC = 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 4kˆ = = = = 3 sq units.
2 2 2 2 2
201. Ans. (d), x × x = x x ( sin 0 ) nˆ when n̂ is a vector perpendicular to the plane containing x = 0

( )
202. Ans.(a), a × b + c + b × ( c + a ) + c × a + b = ) {( a × b ) + ( a × c )} + {( b × c ) + ( b × a )} + {( c × a ) + ( c × b )}
(
= ( a × b ) − ( c × a ) + ( b × c ) − ( a × b ) + ( c × a ) − ( b × c ) = 0.

203. Ans. (b), a is perpendicular to both b and c ⇒ a is parallel to b × c ⇒ a × ( b × c ) = 0.

∵ b × c is perpendicular to both b and c 

 
iˆ ˆj kˆ
204. Ans. (c), a × b = 2 4 −5 = 22iˆ − 11 ˆj , ∴ a × b =
2 2
( 22 ) + − ( −11) = 11 2 2 + 1 = 11 5.
1 2 3

205. Ans. (a) , The unit vectors perpendicular to b and c are given by ±
(b × c ) .
b ×c
∴ If one of these vectors is a then the other is − a.
206. Ans. (b), a × b = 1 ⇒ a b sin θ = 1 where θ is the angle between a and b .

⇒ (1)(1) sin θ = 1 ∵ a = b = 1
 
π π π
⇒ sin θ = 1 = sin ⇒θ = . ∴ The angle between a and b is .
2 2 2
(
207. Ans. (d), a + b × b + c) ( ) = {( 2iˆ + ˆj ) + ( ˆj − kˆ )} ×{( ˆj − kˆ ) + ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )}
iˆ ˆj kˆ
( )( )
= 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ × iˆ + 2 ˆj = 2 2 −1 = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ .
1 2 0

208. Ans. (d), The force F = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ acts at point A whose p.v. is 2iˆ − ˆj.
The, the moment of this force about the origin O, is given by

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iˆ ˆj kˆ
Moment = OA × F = 2 −1 0 = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ.
2 1 −1

209. Ans. (a) , Let θ be the angle between the vectors a and b .
π
Then, a × b = a. b ⇒ a b sin θ = a b cos θ ⇒ tan θ = 1 ⇒ θ = .
4
(
210. Ans. (c), a − b × a + b ) ( ) = a × a + a ×b −b × a −b ×b [By distributive law]

= a ×b −b ×a ∵ a × a = 0 and b × b = 0 
 
(
= a ×b + a ×b ) ( ) (
= 2 a ×b . ) ∵ − b × a = a × b 
 
211. Ans. (a), The vertices A, B, C of ∆ ABC have p.v.s OA = iˆ, OB = iˆ + 2 ˆj and OC = iˆ + 3 ˆj
respectively.
Then, AB = OB − OA = 2 ˆj and AC = OC − OA = 3kˆ.
A iˆ ()
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 1 6
∴ AB × AC = 0 2 0 = 6iˆ , Area ( ∆ABC ) = AB × AC = 6iˆ = = 3.
2 2 2
0 0 3 B C
( ˆi + 2 ˆj ) ( iˆ + 3kˆ )
( )
2 2 2 2
212. Ans. (d), By Lagrange’s Identity, we have: a × b = a b − a. b

( ) = a × b + a. b
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a b = a ×b + a. b = 4 2 + 22 = 16 + 4 = 20.

Ans. (b), ( a × b ) + ( a ⋅ b ) = a × b + a.b

2 2 2 2
213. ∵ x 2 = x 2 
 
2 2 2 2
= a b sin 2 θ + a b cos 2 θ where θ is the angle between a and b

( sin θ + cos θ )
2 2
= a
2
b 2 2
= a2 b 2 ∵ a 2 = a 2 b = b2
 
214. Ans. (d), a. b = −25 ⇒ a b cos θ = −25 where θ is the angle between a and b

5 25 11 11
⇒ ( 5 )( 6 ) cos θ = −25 ⇒ cos θ = − ⇒ sin θ = 1 − cos 2 θ = 1 − = =
6 36 36 6
 11 
Now, a × b = a b sin θ = ( 5 )( 6 )   = 5 11
 6 

( ) + (b. a )
2 2 2 2
215. Ans. (c), a × b = a × b + b.a ∵ p 2 = p 2 
 
2 2 2 2
= a b sin 2 θ + b a cos 2 θ where θ is the angle between a and b

( sin θ + sin θ )
2 2 2 2
2 2
= a b = a b

( ) ( ) (
216. Ans. (d), a + b × a − b + b × 2a + 3b ) = {( a + b ) × a − ( a + b ) × b} + {( b × 2a ) + ( b × 3b )}
= {( a × a ) + ( b × a ) − ( a × b ) − ( b × b )} + {( b × 2a ) + ( b × 3b )} = 0 + ( b × a ) − ( a × b ) − 0 + 2 ( b × a + 0 )

= 4 ( b × a ) = 4b × a. [∵ Cross product of two parallel vectors is zero]

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iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 1
217. Ans. (c), Area ( ∆OAB ) = OA × OB , OA × OB = 2 3 −1
2 2
1 3 1 O
1 ˆ
= 5iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ , ∴ Area ( ∆OAB ) = 5i − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ
2
1 2 2 90 3
= 5 + ( −4 ) + 7 2 = = 10 sq. units A B
2 2 2
( ) (
218. Ans. (a), 2a + 3b × 5a + 7b + a + b ) ( ) = {10 ( a × a ) + 14 ( a × b ) + 15 ( b × a ) + 21( b × b )} + ( a × b )
= 0 + 14 ( a × b ) − 15 ( a × b ) + 0 + ( a × b ) ∵ a × a = b × b = 0and ( b × a ) = − ( a × b ) 
 
= (14 − 15 + 1) ( a × b ) = 0.

219. Ans. (b), x. y = x y ⇒ x y cos θ = x y where θ is the angle between x and y

⇒ cos θ = 1 ⇒ θ = 0 , ∴ x × y = x y sin θ nˆ where n̂ is a unit vector perpendicular to both x and y

= x y ( 0 ) nˆ = 0 [∵ sin θ = sin 0 = 0]
1
220. Ans. (d), Area of the parallelogram = d1 × d 2 .
2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
Now, d1 × d 2 = 4 −1 −3 = ( 2 + 3) iˆ + ( 6 + 8 ) ˆj + ( 4 − 2 ) kˆ = 5iˆ + 14 ˆj + 2kˆ
−2 1 −2

1 1 2 1 15
∴ Area of parallelogram = d1 × d 2 = 5 + 142 + 22 = 225 = sq. units.
2 2 2 2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
221. Ans. (c), p × q = 1 1 0 = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ , Clearly, there are two unit vectors ±
( p × q ) i.e.
p×q
0 1 1
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
±
3
( )
i − j + k which are perpendicular to the vectors p and q

( a × b ) + ( a. b )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a × b + a. b a b sin 2 θ + a b cos 2 θ
222. Ans. (a), = 2
= 2
2 a 2b 2 2 a
2
b 2 a
2
b
2

Where θ is the angle between a and b =

a
2
b ( sin 2
θ + cos 2 θ ) 1
= .
2
2 a
2
b 2

iˆ ˆj kˆ
223. Ans. (d), a × b = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ⇒ x 1 1 = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ ⇒ ( y − 1) iˆ + (1 − xy ) ˆj + ( x − 1) kˆ = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ
1 1 y

∴ y −1 = 1 …(i) 1 − xy = −3 …(ii) x −1 = 1 …(iii)

Solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get x = 2, y = 2.
224. Ans. (a), Let θ be the angle between a and b

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34 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
2 2
Then, a × b = a b sin θ and a. b = a b cos θ , ∴ a × b + a. b = 144

( sin θ + cos θ ) = 144

2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a b sin 2 θ + a b cos 2 θ = 144 ⇒ a b 2 2

2 2
⇒ a b = 144 ∵ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1
2 2 144 2
⇒ 42 b = 144 ⇒ b = =9 ⇒ b =3 ∵ a = 4 
16
2 2 2 2
Another Method : By Lagrange’s Identity : a × b = a b − a. b
2 2 2 2 2 2 144 12
∴ a ×b + a ×b = a b ⇒ 144 = 42 b ⇒ b = ⇒ b = = 3.
42 4
a ×b
225. Ans. (d), A unit vector normal to the vectors a = iˆ + 2 ˆj and b = ˆj − 2kˆ is given by nˆ =
a ×b

iˆ ˆj kˆ
0 = −4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ. , ∴ a × b =
2
Now, a × b = 1 2 ( −4 ) + 22 + 12 = 21.
0 1 −2
1
∴ Required unit vector nˆ =
21
−4iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ . ( )
226. Ans. (d), The given vectors are a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
∴ a × b = 1 −2 1 = 5iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5kˆ , A vector of magnitude 5 and perpendicular to both a and b is
2 1 −3

 a ×b   ˆ ˆ ˆ  5 5 3 ˆ ˆ ˆ
r = 5  = 5  5i + 5 j + 5k  = (
iˆ + ˆj + kˆ = )
i + j+k . ( )
 a ×b   5 2 + 5 2 + 52 3 3
   
1 1
227. Ans. (d), Area ( ∆ABC ) =   AB × AC ⇒ 1 =   AB × AC ∵ Area ( ∆ABC ) = 1
2 2
⇒ AB × AC = 2 …(i)
A
iˆ ˆj kˆ
Now, AB × AC = r 1 0 = ( − r − s ) kˆ
s −1 0
B C
2
∴ AB × AC = ( −r − s ) = r+s …(ii)

From (i) and (ii) we get: r + s = 2.

228. Ans. (c), Let θ be the angle between a and b . Then, a × b = a b sin θ and a. b = a b cos θ .

( sin θ + cos θ )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Now, a × b + a. b = a b sin 2 θ + b b cos 2 θ = a b 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= a b ⇒ a. b = a b − a ×b = ( 3) ( 4 ) − (10 ) = 144 − 100 = 44 .

(
229. Ans. (d), We have: AB = p.v.of B − p.v. A , 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ − iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ. ) ( )
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 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 35

(
AC = p.v.of C − p.v.of A = iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ − iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ = 2 ˆj + 2kˆ ) ( )
iˆ ˆj kˆ A (1,1, 2 )
∴ AB × AC = 1 2 3 = −2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ , ∴ Area of ∆ABC
0 2 2

=
1
2
AB × AC =
1
2 ( 2
( −2 ) + ( −2 )
2
+ 22 =
B ( 2,3,5 )
) 1
(
2 3 = 3
C (1,3, 4 )
2
)
230. Ans. (a), The area of the parallelogram having a and b as its adjacent sides is given by A = a × b

iˆ ˆj kˆ 2
3 = 8 iˆ − 10 ˆj + 4 kˆ , ∴ A = 8 + ( −10 ) + 4 = 180 = 6 5 sq. units.
2 2
Now, a × b = 1 2
−3 −2 1

231. Ans. (b), The area of the triangle whose adjacent sides are represented by the vectors a and b is given
by,
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1
Area = a × b , Now, a × b = 3 0 −1 = −4iˆ − 3 ˆj − 12kˆ
2
3 −4 0
1 1 2 2 2 1 13
∴ Area = a ×b = ( −4 ) + ( −3) + ( −12 ) = 169 = .
2 2 2 2

( )
2 2 2
232. Ans. (a) , We have : a × b = a b − a. b [By Lagrange’s Identity]
2 2 2 2 2 2
= a b − a. b = ( 5 ) ( 6 ) − ( 24 ) = 900 − 576 = 324 ⇒ a × b = 324 = 18.

233. Ans. (b), The given two sides of ∆ABC are AB = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and AC = −3iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1
∴ Area ( ∆ABC ) = AB × AC , Now AB × AC = 1 2 3 = −4iˆ − 10 ˆj + 8kˆ
2
−3 2 1

1 1 180 6 5
− 4iˆ − 10 ˆj + 8kˆ =
2 2
∴ Area ( ∆ABC ) = ( −4 ) + ( −10 ) + 8 = = = 3 5.
2 2 2 2
234. Ans. (c), Let ∆ABCD be the parallelogram whose adjacent sides be given by the vectors
AB = iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and AD = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ D C
Then, area of gm ABCD = AB × AD

iˆ ˆj kˆ A B
Now, AB × AD = 1 −3 1 = ( −3 − 1) iˆ − (1 − 1) ˆj + (1 + 3) kˆ = −4iˆ + 4kˆ
1 1 1

∴ Area of gm ABCD = AB × AD = − 4iˆ + 0 ˆj + 4kˆ =

2
( −4 ) + 02 + 42 = 32 = 4 2 sq. units.

235. Ans. (d), The given vectors are a = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and d = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
∴ a × b = 2 −1 1 = −3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ , The unit vector perpendicular to both a and b is
3 4 −1

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36 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( )

(a ×b ) (
−3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ 1 1 )
nˆ = = = −3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 11kˆ = ( −3, 5, 11) . ( )
a ×b ( −3) + 52 + 112 155 155
2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
236. Ans. (b),  a + 3b × 3a + b  = 3 ( a × a ) + a × b + 9 b × a + 3 b × b 
   

( ) ( )
2
=  −8 a × b  ∵ a × a = b × b = 0, b × a = − a × b 
   
2
= ( 64 ) a × b ∵ x 2 = x 2 
 
2 2 2 2
= ( 64 ) a b sin 2 θ where = ( 64 ) a b sin 2 θ , where is the angle between a and b
2
2 2  3  3
= ( 64 )(1) ( 2 ) sin (120° ) = ( 64 )(1)( 4 ) 
2
 ∵ sin120° = sin (180° − 60° ) = sin 60° = 
 2   2 
= 192.
iˆ ˆj kˆ
237. Ans. (b), We have: a × b = 2 −6 −3 = 15iˆ − 10 ˆj + 30kˆ
4 3 −1

a×b 15iˆ − 10 ˆj + 30kˆ 1 1

∴
a ×b
=
2
=
35
( 7
)
15iˆ − 10 ˆj + 30kˆ = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 64 ,.( )
152 + ( −10 ) + 302

238. Ans. (a), The force F = 4iˆ + kˆ acts at point P whose p.v. is iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ.
Then, the moment of this force about the point A whose p.v. is 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ , is given by

Moment = AP × F = p.v. of P − p.v. of A × F( ) {( ) ( )} (

= iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ − 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ × 4iˆ + kˆ )
iˆ ˆj kˆ
( ) ( )
= −iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ × 4iˆ + kˆ , −1 −2 3 = −2iˆ + 13 ˆj + 8kˆ.
4 0 1
239. Ans. (c), The p.v. of the vertices A, B, C of ∆ABC are respectively
OA = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, OB = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ, OC = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, where O is the origin ( 0, 0, 0 ) .
A
Then, AB = OB − OA = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ, AC = OC − OA = 2iˆ
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 1 1
∴ AB × AC = 1 2 −3 = −6 ˆj − 4kˆ, Area ( ∆ABC ) = AB × AC =
2 2
( −6 ) + ( −4 ) = 52 = 13.
2 2 B 2 C
2 0 0
Another Method:
The position vectors of the vertices A, B and C are given by
aˆ = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, b = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ and c = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ respectively.
1
∴ Area of ∆ABC = a×b + b ×c + c ×a
2
iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
Now, a × b = 1 −1 2 = −iˆ + 5 ˆj + 3kˆ, b × c = 2 1 −1 = iˆ − 7 ˆj − 5kˆ,
2 1 −1 3 −1 2

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iˆ ˆj kˆ
c × a = 3 −1 2 = −4 ˆj − 2kˆ.
1 −1 2

∴ Area of ∴ ∆ABC =
1
2
− 6 ˆj − 4kˆ
52
=
2
1
(
= 13.
2
2
( −6 ) + ( −4 )
2
)=
( ) ( )
240. Ans. (a), We have: a + b = 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ + ˆj + kˆ = 2iˆ + 2kˆ and b = c ˆj + kˆ + iˆ − kˆ = iˆ + ˆj. ( ) ( )
∴ The diagonals of the parallelogram are d1 = a + b = 2iˆ + 2kˆ and d 2 = b + c = iˆ + ˆj

iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 1 1
Vector Area of the parallelogram =
2
(
d1 × d 2 = 2 0 2
2
) =
2
( )
−2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ = −iˆ + ˆj + kˆ.
1 1 0

( ) = ( a × b ) ⋅( a × b ) = { a }{ }
2
241. Ans. (b), a × b b sin θ nˆ . a b sin θ nˆ

where θ is the angle between a and b and n̂ is a unit vector in the direction of a × b

(1 − cos θ )
2 2
[∵ nˆ . nˆ = 1]
2 2
= a b sin 2 θ ( nˆ. nˆ ) = a b 2

( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= a b − a b cos 2 θ = a b − a b cos θ

( )
2
= a 2 b 2 − a. b . [This is Lagrange’s Identity]

242. Ans. (a), The p.v. of the vertices A, B and C of ∆ABC are OA = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ, OB = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and
OC = 4iˆ − 7 ˆj + 7 kˆ respectively. A
( ) ( )
Then, AB = OB − OA = −2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ − iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = −3iˆ + 5 ˆj − 4kˆ.

And, AC = OC − OA = ( 4iˆ − 7 ˆj + 7 kˆ ) − ( iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) = 3iˆ − 5 ˆj + 4kˆ

ˆj kˆ C
iˆ B
1
∴ AB × AC = −3 5 −4 = 0iˆ + 0 ˆj + 0kˆ = 0 , Area ( ∆ABC ) = AB × AC = 0.
2
3 −5 4

3 1
243. Ans. (b), The diagonals of the parallelogram are d1 = iˆ + ˆj − kˆ and d 2 = 2iˆ − 6 ˆj + 8kˆ.
2 2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
∴ Area of the parallelogram = d1 × d 2 , we have : d1 × d 2 = 3 1
− 1 = −2i − 14 j − 10k
2 2 2
2 −6 8

1 1 1
− 2iˆ − 14 ˆj − 10kˆ =
2 2 2
∴ Area of parallelogram = 300 = 5 3.( −2 ) + ( −14 ) + ( −10 ) =
2 2 2
244. Ans. (a), A vector r perpendicular to the vectors a = 4iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ and b = −2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ is given by
iˆ ˆj kˆ
r = a × b = 4 −1 3 = −iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ , ∴ A unit vector perpendicular to both a and b is given by
−2 1 −2

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( )

(
−iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ 1 )
r =±
r
=±
2
= ± −iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ
3
( )
r ( −1) + 22 + 22
1 ˆ 1
Thus, the required unit vector is either
3
( )
−i + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ or iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ .
3
( )
245. Ans. (d), Let the sides AB and AC of ∆ABC be represented by the vectors a = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and
b = 10iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ respectively. A
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 a b
Then, area ( ∆ABC ) = a × b . We have: a × b = 2 −2 2 = 16 ˆj + 16kˆ
2
10 −2 2
B C
1 1 1
∴ Area ( ∆ABC ) = 16 ˆj + 16kˆ =
2 2
16 2 + 162 = 16 2 sq. units = 8 2 sq. units.
2
( )
246. Ans. (d), A vector perpendicular to the plane containing the points A, B and C is of the form

(
r = λ AB × AC ) = λ ( p.v.of B − p.v.of A) × ( p.v.of C − p.v.of A)

iˆ ˆj kˆ
{( ) (
= λ iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ × −iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ )} =λ 1 1 −3 = λ 8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ ( )
−1 3 −1

Taking λ = 1 we get: r = 8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ , which is the required vector,

Another Method:
We know that the vector a × b + b × c + c × a ( ) is perpendicular to the plane containing the points
A, B and C having position vectors a , b and c respectively.
Now, a = iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, b = 2iˆ − kˆ, c = 2 ˆj + kˆ , ∴ The required vector r = a × b + b × c + c × a ( )
iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
We have: a × b = 1 −1 2 = iˆ + 5 ˆj + 2kˆ , b × c = 2 0 −1 = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ
2 0 −1 0 2 1

iˆ ˆj kˆ
c×a = 0 2 ( ) (
1 = 5iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ , ∴ r = iˆ + 5 ˆj + 2kˆ + 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4kˆ + 5iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ ) ( )
1 −1 2

= 8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ where is the required vector.

247. Ans. (c), The given vectors are a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
Let θ be the angle between these vectors.

Then, cos θ =
a .b
=
(iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) ⋅ ( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) =
2−2+3
=
3
.
a b 2
12 + ( −2 ) + 32 2 2 + 12 + 1 14 6 2 21

9 75 25 5
∴ sin θ = 1 − cos 2 θ = 1 − = = =
84 84 28 2 7

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iˆ ˆj kˆ
a ×b
Another Method: sin θ = , Now a × b = 1 −2 3 = −5iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5kˆ.
a b
2 1 1

− 5iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5kˆ 2
( −5 ) + 5 2 + 5 2 75 25 5
∴ sin θ = = = = = .
iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ 2
12 + ( −2 ) + 32 22 + 12 + 1 14 6 28 2 7

248. Ans. (d), Since u ⋅ nˆ = 0 and v ⋅ nˆ = 0, if follows that n̂ is a unit vector along the vector u × v .
iˆ ˆj kˆ
∴ nˆ = ±
(u × v ) , Now, u × v = 1 1 0 = −2kˆ , ∴ nˆ =
( −2kˆ ) = ± kˆ
u ×v ( −2 )
2
1 −1 0

(
Now, w ⋅ nˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ⋅ ± kˆ = ± 3 = 3. )( )
Another Method : Let nˆ = α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ.
u ⋅n = 0 ( )(
⇒ iˆ + ˆj ⋅ α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ = 0 ) ⇒α +β =0 …(i)

and v ⋅ nˆ = 0 ( )(
⇒ iˆ − ˆj ⋅ α iˆ + β ˆj + γ kˆ = 0 ) ⇒ α −β =0 …(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get: α = β = 0.

Now, n̂ is a unit vector ⇒ α2 + β 2 +γ 2 =1 ⇒ 0+ 0 +γ 2 =1 [∵ α = β = 0]

⇒ γ = ±1 (
∴ n̂ = ± kˆ , Now w. nˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ . ± kˆ = ± 3 = 3. )( )
(
249. Ans. (a), a ⋅ b × c =  a b ) c  = b c a  = b . ( c × a )

( ) ( ) (
250. Ans. (d), iˆ ⋅ ˆj × kˆ + ˆj kˆ × iˆ + kˆ ⋅ iˆ × ˆj = iˆ ⋅ iˆ + ˆj ⋅ ˆj + kˆ ⋅ kˆ) ∵ iˆ × ˆj = kˆ, ˆj × kˆ = iˆ, kˆ × iˆ = ˆj 
 
= 1+1+1 = 3 ∵ iˆ ⋅ iˆ = ˆj ⋅ ˆj = kˆ ⋅ kˆ = 1
 

( )
251. Ans. (a), a ⋅ a × b = ( a × a ) ⋅ b = 0 ⋅ b = 0 (
∵ For any three vectors A ⋅ B × C = A × B ⋅ C 
  ) ( )
(
252. Ans. (d), B ⋅ C is a scalar )
( )
A ⋅ B ⋅ C is the dot product of a vector and a scalar and is therefore meaningless.

253. Ans. (b), If α lies in the plane of β and γ , then α ⊥ β × γ ( ) (

⇒ α ⋅ β ×γ = 0 ) ⇒ α β γ  = 0.

254. Ans. (a), iˆ − ˆj ˆj − kˆ kˆ − iˆ  = iˆ − ˆj + ( 0 ) kˆ ( 0 ) iˆ + ˆj − kˆ −iˆ + ( 0 ) ˆj + kˆ 

   
1 −1 0
= 0 1 −1 = 1 − 1 + 0 = 0.
−1 0 1

( )
255. Ans. (d), We have: a × b ⋅ c = a ⋅ b × c =  a b ( ) ( )
c  , a ⋅ b × c =  a b c 

( b × c ) ⋅ a = a ⋅ ( b × c ) = a b c  , ( a × c ) ⋅ b = b ⋅ ( a × c ) = b a c  ≠  a b c  .

256. Ans. (d), a ⋅ b is the scalar product of two vectors. Its value is a scalar quantity.
But the cross product of a vector and a scalar is not defined. ∴ a × a ⋅ b is not defined. ( )
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257. Ans. (c), [u v u × v ] = (u × v ) ⋅(u × v ) ∵  a b
  (
c  = a × b ⋅ c 
)
( 2)
2 2 2
= (u × v ) = u × v = = 2.

258. Ans. (a), The vectors a = iˆ − 2 ˆj , b = 3 ˆj + kˆ and c = λiˆ + 3 ˆj are coplanar

1 −2 0
−3
If  a b c  = 0 i.e. if 0 3 1 = 0 i.e. if −3 − 2λ = 0 i.e. if λ = .
2
λ 3 0
3 −2 2
(
259. Ans. (a), a ⋅ b × c =  a b ) c  = 6 4 −2 = 3 ( −16 − 4 ) + 2 ( −24 + 6 ) + 2 ( −12 − 12 ) = −144.
3 −2 −4
1 1 1
260. Ans. (d), The vectors a , b , c are coplanar if  a b c  = 0 i.e. if 2 0 −4 = 0
1 λ 3
5
i.e. if 4λ − 10 + 2λ = 0 i.e. if 6λ = 10i.e.if λ = .
3
() ( ) (
261. Ans. (c), a ⋅  b + c × a + b + c  = a ⋅ b × a + b + c + c × a + b + c 
   ) ( )
= a ⋅ ( b × a ) + ( b × b ) + ( b × c ) + ( c × a ) + ( c × b ) + ( c × c ) 
 
= a ⋅ ( b × a ) + 0 + ( b × c ) + ( c × a ) − ( b × c ) + 0  = a ⋅  ( b × a ) + ( c × a )  ( )
= a b × a + a ⋅(c × a )
   
=  a b a  + [ a c a ] = 0 + 0 = 0.

2 −3 1 0 −1 −3
262. Ans. (d), We have:  a b c  = 1 −1 2 = 1 −1 2 [ R1 → R1 − 2 R2 , R 3 → R3 − 2 R2 ]
2 1 −1 0 3 −5

= ( −1) ⋅ ( 5 + 9 ) = −14 , ∴ Volume of the parallelepiped =  a b c  = − 14 = 14 cubic units.

263. Ans. (a), u ⋅ ( v × w ) = [u v w] , ( v × w ) ⋅ u = u ⋅ ( v × w ) = [ u v w]

v ⋅ ( u × w ) = v ⋅ ( − w × u ) = − v ⋅ ( w × u ) = − ( v × w ) ⋅ u = −u ⋅ ( v × w ) = − [ u v w]
( u × v ) ⋅ w = u ⋅ ( v × w ) = [u v w] .
264. Ans. (b), The given vectors are a = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj − 7 kˆ, b = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ, c = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj − kˆ
2 −3 −7
∴  a b c  = 3 −1 2 = 2 (1 − 10 ) + 3 ( −3 − 8 ) − 7 (15 + 4 ) = 18 − 33 − 133 = −184.
4 5 −1

 (  ) (
265. Ans. (b), c ⋅  b + c × a + b + c  = c ) b +c a + b + c  = c b a + b + c  + c c a + b + c 

= c b a  + c b b  + c b c  ∵ c c a + b + c  = 0 

  
= c b a  = c ⋅ b × a ∵ c b b  = c b c  = 0 
  
266. Ans. (d), The volume of a parallelopiped having a = iˆ + ˆj , b = iˆ + 2 ˆj and c = iˆ + ˆj + π kˆ is given by

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1 1 0
V =  a b c  = 1 2 0 = π cubic units.
1 1 π
2 −3 4
267. Ans. (b), The volume of the parallelepiped = a ⋅ b × c ( ) =  a b c  = 1 2 −1
3 −1 2
= 2 ( 4 − 1) − ( −3)( 2 + 3) + 4 ( −1 − 6 ) = − 7 = 7.

268. Ans. (b), The vertices of the tetrahedron are O ( 0, 0, 0 ) , A (1, 0, 0 ) , B ( 0, 1, 0 ) and C ( 0, 0, 1)
∴ The coterminous edges of the tetrahedron are represented by the vectors
a = OA = 1. iˆ + o. ˆj + 0. kˆ = iˆ, b = OB = 0.iˆ + 1. ˆj + 0. kˆ = ˆj , c = OC = 0.iˆ + 0. ˆj + 1.kˆ = kˆ
1
6
1
6  
1
6
{ ( )} { }
The volume of the tetrahedron =  a b c  = iˆ ˆj kˆ  = iˆ ⋅ ˆj × kˆ = iˆ ⋅ iˆ = × 1 = .
1
6
1
6
1
6
( ) ( ) (
269. Ans. (c), iˆ kˆ ˆj  +  kˆ ˆj iˆ  +  ˆj kˆ iˆ  = iˆ × kˆ ⋅ ˆj + kˆ × ˆj . iˆ + ˆj × kˆ .iˆ
      )
( ) ( ) ( )
= − kˆ × iˆ ⋅ ˆj − ˆj × kˆ ⋅ iˆ + ˆj × kˆ ⋅ iˆ = − ˆj ⋅ ˆj = −1 ∵ kˆ × iˆ = ˆj 
 
Another Method :
iˆ kˆ ˆj  +  kˆ ˆj iˆ  +  ˆj kˆ iˆ  = − iˆ ˆj kˆ  − iˆ ˆj kˆ  + iˆ ˆj kˆ  = − iˆ ˆj kˆ 
             
( )
= − iˆ × ˆj ⋅ kˆ = − kˆ ⋅ kˆ = −1. ∵ iˆ × ˆj = kˆ 
 
270. Ans. (c), Since a , b , c are coplanar vectors, so the vectors ( b × c ) , ( a × b ) and ( c × a ) are all
perpendicular to the plane of a , b , c .

( ) ( )
∴ b × c is perpendicular to a , a × b is perpendicular to c and ( c × a ) is perpendicular to b .

( ) ( )
Hence, a ⋅ b × c = 0, a × b ⋅ c = 0, ( c × a ) ⋅ b = 0

Note: We can do it directly: a , b , c are coplanar ⇒  a b c  = 0 i.e., a × b ⋅ c = 0 ( )

271. Ans. (c), The edges of the given tetrahedron are represented by the vectors
a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, c = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ
1 1 1
1 1 1 4 2
Its volume V =  a b c  = 1 −1 1 = {1(1 − 2 ) − 1( −1 − 1) + 1( 2 + 1)} = = .
6 6 6 6 3
1 2 −1
272. Ans. (a), The volume of parallelepiped with a = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ, b = − ˆj + kˆ
And c = 3iˆ + 9 ˆj + pkˆ as coterminous edges is given by
4 5 1
V =  a b c  = 0 −1 1 = 4 ( − p − 9 ) − 5 ( 0 − 3) + 1( 0 + 3) = −4 p − 18
3 9 p
52
But V = 34 (given) ⇒ − 4 p − 18 = 34 ⇒ p= = −13.
( −4 )

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1 0 −1 1 0 0
273. Ans. (d),  a b c  = x 1 1− x = x 1 1 [C3 → C1 + C3 ]
y x 1+ x − y y x 1+ x

= 1{(1 + x ) − x} = 1 , Clearly,  a b c  depends on neither x nor y .

274. Ans. (b),

(
a ⋅ b ×c ) + b ⋅( a × c ) =
(
a ⋅ b ×c ) + b ⋅( a × c )  a b c  b a c 
= + 
( c × a ) ⋅b c ⋅ ( a × b ) b ⋅(c × a ) c ⋅( a × b ) b c a   c a b 
   
a b c  −  a b c 
= +  = 1 + ( −1) = 0.
a b c   a b c 

1 1 m
275. Ans. (d), a , b , c are coplanar if  a b c  = 0 i.e., if 1 1 m +1 = 0
1 −1 m
i.e. if (1) {m + ( m + 1)} − (1) {m − ( m + 1)} + m ( −1 − 1) = 0 i.e., if ( 2m + 1) + 1 − 2m = 0
i.e. if 2 = 0 which is absurd.
Thus, there is no value of m for which the vectors are coplanar.
276. Ans. (a), The volume of the tetrahedron with a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
1 2 −1
1 1
And c = iˆ − ˆj + λ kˆ as coterminous edges is given by V =  a b c  = 1 1 1
6 6
1 −1 λ
1 1 2 1 2
=
6
{1( λ + 1) − 2 ( λ − 1) − 1( −1 − 1)} = ( 5 − λ ) But V = (given)
6 3
⇒
6
(5 − λ ) =
3
⇒ λ = 1.

277. Ans. (d), We have: ( p × q ) ⋅ r = 6 ⇒ [ p q r ] = 6.

∴ ( 3 p − 4q + 6r ) ⋅ ( p × q ) + ( 2 p − 3q + r ) ⋅ ( q × r ) + (11 p − 6q + 7r ) ⋅ ( r × p )
= 3[ p p q ] − 4[q p q ] + 6 [r p q ] +2 [ p q r ] − 3 [ q q r ] + [ r q r]
+11[ p r p] − 6[q r p] + 7 [r r p]
= ( 0 ) − 4 ⋅ ( 0 ) + 6 [ p q r ] + 2 [ p q r ] − 3 ⋅ ( 0 ) + 0 +11⋅ ( 0 ) − 6 [ p q r ] + 7 ⋅ ( 0 )
∵ [ r p q ] = [q r p ] = [ p q r ]

= 2 [ p q r ] = 2 × 6 = 12.

278. Ans. (d), b × c ( ){

c × a a × b  = b × c ⋅ ( c × a ) × a × b ( )}
= ( b × c ) ⋅{r × ( a × b )} where r = c × a = ( b × c ) {( r ⋅ b ) a − ( r ⋅ a ) b}

= ( b × c ) {{( c × a ) ⋅ b } a ⋅ {( c × a ) ⋅ a} b } = ( b × c ) { c a b  a} ∵ ( c × a ) ⋅ a = [ c a a ] = 0 

= c a b  {( b × c ) ⋅ a} ∵ c a b  is a scalar 
   
2
= c a b  b c a  =  a b c  ∵ c a b  = b c a  =  a b c  
      
279. Ans. (d) ( u + v − w ) ⋅ ( u − v ) × ( u − w ) = ( u + v − w ) .{( u × u ) − ( u × w ) − ( v × u ) + ( v × w )}

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= − ( u + v − w ) . ( u × w ) − ( u + v − w) ⋅ ( v × u ) + ( u + v − w) ⋅ ( v × w) ∵ u × u = 0 
 
= − {[u u w] + [ v u w] − [ w u w]} − {[u v u ] + [v v u ] − [w v u ]}

+ {[u v w] + [ v v w] − [ w v w]} = − [ v u w] + [ w v u ] + [ u v w]

∵ [u u w] = [ w u w] = [ u v u ] = [v v u ] = [v v w] = [ w v w] = 0 

= [u v w] − [ u v w] + [ u v w] = [ u v w] = u . ( v × w ) .

( ) ( ) ( )
280. Ans. (d), We have: (a) iˆ ⋅ ˆj + kˆ = iˆ ⋅ ˆj + iˆ ⋅ kˆ = 0 + 0 + 0 ∵ iˆ ⋅ ˆj = iˆ ⋅ kˆ = 0 
 
∴ Statement (a) is true.

( )
(b) iˆ × ˆj ⋅ kˆ = iˆ × ˆj ⋅ kˆ = kˆ ⋅ kˆ = 1 ∵ iˆ × ˆj = kˆ and kˆ ⋅ kˆ = 1
 
∴ Statement (b) is true.

( ) ( ) ( )
(c) a × b ⋅ c = a × b ⋅ c = a ⋅ b × c = b × c ⋅ a = b × c ⋅ a , ∴ Statement (c) is true.

(d) ( a + b ) × ( a − b ) = a × ( a − b ) + b × ( a − b ) = a ×a − a ×b + b ×a −b ×b

= 2b × a ∵ a × a = b × b = 0, − a × b = b × a 
 
∴ Statement (d) is false.
281. Ans. (a),  a − b b −c c − a  =  a − b + ( 0 ) c ( 0) a + b − c − a + ( 0 ) b + c 

1 −1 0
=  a b c  0 1 −1 =  a b c  ( 0 ) = 0.
−1 0 1

Another Method :  a − b b − c c − a  = a − b ⋅ b − c × ( c − a ) ( ) {( ) }
( ) {( ) (
= a − b ⋅ b × c − b × a + (c × a ) ) } ∵ c × c = 0 
 
=  a b c  −  a b a  + [ a c a ] − b b c  + b b a  − b c a 

=  a b c  − b c a  ∵  a b a  = [ a c a ] = b b c  = b b a  = 0
       
=  a b c  −  a b c  = 0 ∵ b c a  =  a b c  
    
282. Ans. (c), The coterminous edges of the parallelepiped are given by OA = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
OB = 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ and OC = 5iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ B ( 3,1, 2 )

4 3 1
∴ Volume of the parallelepiped = OA OB OC  = 3 1 2
5 2 1 O A ( 4,3,1)
= 4 (1 − 4 ) − 3 ( 3 − 10 ) + 1( 6 − 5) = −12 + 21 + 1 = 10 cubic units. C ( 5, 2,1)
283. Ans. (b), The position vectors of the vertices A, B, C and D of the tetrahedron are
a = 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = 7iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ, c = iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ and d = −iˆ − 3 ˆj + 7 kˆ respectively.

( ) (
∴ b − a = 7iˆ − 4 ˆj + 7 kˆ − 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 6kˆ )

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)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
c − a = iˆ − 6 ˆj + 10kˆ − 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = −4iˆ − 5 ˆj + 9kˆ, d − a = iˆ − 3 ˆj + 7 kˆ − 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ = −6iˆ − 2 ˆj + 6kˆ,

2 −3 6
1 1 1 66
Volume of the tetrahedron = b − a c − a d − a  = −4 −5 9 = − 66 = = 11.
6 6 6 11
−6 −2 6
284. Ans. (a), The position vectors of the vertices V , A, B and C of the tetrahedron are
v = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ, a = − ˆj − kˆ , b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ , c = 4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ respectively.

( ) ( )
∴ a − v = − ˆj − kˆ − 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ = −4iˆ − 6 ˆj − 2kˆ

b − v = ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) − ( 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ ) = −3iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ , c − v = ( 4iˆ + 4 ˆj + 4kˆ ) − ( 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + kˆ ) = ˆj + 3kˆ.

−4 −6 −2
1 1
Volume of the tetrahedron =  a − v b −v c − v  = −3 −3 2
6 6
0 −1 3
1 − 32 32 16
= 28 − 54 − 6 = = = .
6 6 6 3
285. Ans. (a),  a − 2b b − 3c ( ) {( )
c − 4a  = a − 2b ⋅ b − 3c × ( c − 4a ) }
( ) {( ) ( )
= a − 2b . b × c − 4 b × a − 3 ( c × c ) + 12 ( c × a ) }
= ( a − 2b ) . ( b × c ) − 4 ( a − 2b ) . ( b × a ) + 12 ( a − 2b ) . ( c × a ) ∵ c × c = 0 
 
=  a b c  − 2 b b c  − 4  a b a  +8 b b a  + 12 [ a c a ] − 24 b c a 

∵ b b c  =  a b a  = b b a  = [ a c a ] = 0
= −23  a b c        
and b c a  =  a b c  
     
π
{ (
= ( −23) a ⋅ b × c )} = ( −23) a b sin
2
{a . nˆ}
( )
where n̂ is a vector along b × c and b and c are mutually perpendicular

= ( −23) a b c [∵ a and nˆ are parallel vector ]

= ( −23)(1)( 3)( 5 ) = −345
286. Ans. (a), The position vectors a , b , c and d of the vertices A ( 2, 1, 0 )

B ( 6, − 2, 2 ) , C ( 5, 3, − 1) and D ( 5, 0, 2 ) are given by a = 2iˆ + ˆj

b = 6iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ, c = 5iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and d = 5iˆ + 2kˆ.
∴ b − a = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ , c − a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ , d − a = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
4 −3 2
1 1
Volume of the tetrahedron = b − a c − a d − a  = 3 2 −1
6 6
3 −1 2
1 21 7
=
6
{4 ( 4 − 1) − ( −3)( 6 + 3) + 2 ( −3 − 6 )} = =
6 2

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 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 45

287. Ans. (d), b ( ) ( )

a c  = b × a . c = − a × b ⋅ c = −  a b c 

a c
 b  = a ⋅ ( c × b ) = a ⋅ ( −b × c ) = − a ⋅ ( b × c ) = −  a b c 

c b
 a  = ( c × b ) ⋅ a = ( −b × c ) ⋅ a = − a ⋅ ( b × c ) = −  a b c 

b c
 a  = ( b × c ) ⋅ a = a ⋅ ( b × c ) =  a b c 
Note: If the positions of three vectors are interchanged without changing their cycle order, then their
scalar triple product remain the same.
∴  a b c  = b c a 

But  a b c  ≠ b
a c  ,  a b c  ≠  a b c  and  a b c  ≠ c b a 

288. Ans. (c), The given vectors a = −λ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − λ 2 ˆj + kˆ and c = iˆ + ˆj − λ 2 kˆ are coplanar if
−λ 2 1 1
a b
 c  = 0 i.e., if 1 −λ 2
1 = 0 i.e., if −λ 2 ( λ 4 − 1) − 1( −λ 2 − 1) + 1(1 + λ 2 ) = 0
1 1 −λ 2
2
i.e., if λ 6 − 3λ 2 − 2 = 0 i.e., if t 3 − 3t − 2 = 0 where t = λ 2 i.e., if ( t + 1) ( t − 2 ) = 0
i.e., if t = −1or t = 2 i.e. if λ 2 = −1 or λ 2 = 2 , i.e., if λ = ± 2
Clearly, there are two values of λ for which the given vectors are coplanar.
289. Ans. (b), The volume of a parallelopiped with a , b , c as its coterminous edges is given by
V1 =  a b c  , ∴  a b c  = 40 [∵ V1 = 40 cubic units (given)]
Now, the volume of a parallelopiped with b + c , c + a and a + b as coterminous edges is given by
V2 = b + c c +a a + b  = 2  a b c  = 80

290. Ans. (c), a × b × c ( ) ( ) ( ) (

= ( a ⋅ c ) b − a ⋅ b c = ( 8 + 6 − 12 ) iˆ + ˆj + kˆ − ( 2 + 3 − 4 ) 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ )
( ) (
= 2iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ − 4iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = − 2iˆ − kˆ = ) 2
( −2 ) + ( −1)
2
= 5.

( )
291. Ans. (b), Let r = b × c = a × r which is clearly perpendicular to each of the vectors a and r .

( )
∴ a × b × c is definitely perpendicular to a

(
292. Ans. (b), We have: a × b × c = ( a. c ) b − a.b c ) ( )
{( )(
= 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ . iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )}(iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ ) − {( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) .(iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ )} (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
= 4 ( iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ ) − ( −1) ( iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 5iˆ − 7 ˆj − 3kˆ

293. Ans. (a), iˆ × ( ˆj × kˆ ) + ˆj × ( kˆ × iˆ ) + kˆ × ( iˆ × ˆj )

= {( iˆ ⋅ kˆ ) ˆj − ( iˆ ⋅ ˆj ) kˆ} + {( ˆj ⋅ iˆ ) kˆ − ( ˆj ⋅ kˆ ) iˆ} + {( kˆ ⋅ ˆj ) iˆ − ( kˆ ⋅ iˆ ) ˆj}

=0 ∵ iˆ ⋅ kˆ = iˆ ⋅ ˆj = ˆj ⋅ iˆ = ˆj ⋅ kˆ = kˆ ⋅ ˆj = kˆ ⋅ iˆ = 0 
 
( )
Another Method : iˆ × ˆj × kˆ + ˆj × kˆ × iˆ + kˆ × iˆ × ˆj ( ) ( )

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= iˆ × iˆ + ˆj × ˆj + kˆ × kˆ ∵ iˆ × ˆj = kˆ, ˆj × kˆ = iˆ, kˆ × iˆ = ˆj 
 
= 0+0+0 = 0 ∵ iˆ × iˆ = ˆj × ˆj = kˆ × kˆ = 0 
 
(
294. Ans. (b), We have : a ⋅ b × c = ( a ⋅ c ) b − a ⋅ b c ) ( )
( )
The quantities ( a ⋅ c ) and a ⋅ b are scalars. Let a ⋅ c = λ and a ⋅ b = µ .

( ) ( )
Then, a × b × c = λ b − µ c i.e. a × b × c can be represented as a linear combination of b and c

( )
i.e. a × b × c is coplanar with b and c .

295. Ans. (c), Given that : x = (1, 1, 2 ) = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ, y = (1, 2, 1) = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and z = ( 2, 1, 1) = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
Now, x × ( y × z ) = ( x ⋅ z ) y − ( x ⋅ y ) z

{( )(
= iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ⋅ 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )} (iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) − {(iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ ) ⋅ (iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ )} ( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
= ( 2 + 1 + 2 ) ( iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ ) − (1 + 2 + 2 ) ( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )

= ( 5iˆ + 10 ˆj + 5kˆ ) − (10iˆ + 5 ˆj + 5kˆ ) = −5iˆ + 5 ˆj = ( −5, 5, 0 )

( )
296. Ans. (c), We have : a × b × c = ( a. c ) b − a. b c (Formula) ( )
( )
297. Ans. (d), We have : b × c × ( c × a ) = d × ( c × a ) where d = b × c ( )
= ( d ⋅ a ) c − ( d ⋅ c ) a = {( b ⋅ c ) ⋅ a} c − {( b × c ) ⋅ c } a

= b c a  c − b c c  a = b c a  c ∵ b c c  = 0 

   
=  a b c  c ∵ b c a  =  a b c  
    
∴ ( a × b ) ⋅{( b × c ) × ( c × a )} = ( a × b ) ⋅{a }
b c  c =  a b c  a × b ⋅ c {( ) }
2 2
=  a b c   a b c  =  a b c  ⇒  a × b b × c c × a  =  a b c 

iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
298. Ans. (a) α × β = 2 3 −1 = −10iˆ + 9 ˆj + 7 kˆ , α × γ = 2 3 −1 = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj − kˆ
−1 2 −4 1 1 1

∴ (α × β ) ⋅ (α × y ) = ( −10iˆ + 9 ˆj + 7kˆ ) ⋅ ( 4iˆ − 3 ˆj − kˆ ) = −40 − 27 − 7 = −74

299. Ans. (a), We have : a′ =
( b × c ) , b′ = ( c × a ) , c ′ = ( a × b )
a b c  a b c  a b c 
     
(a ×b )
( b′ × c′) = (a
c ×a) 1
∴ ×
b c   a b c 
=
a b c 
2 {( c × a ) × ( a × b )}
  

1 a b c  a
=
a b c 
2 {c a b  a − [ c a a ] b } = a b c =
a b c 
a

     

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(b × c ) 1
(
= a ′ × b′ × c ′ = ) ×
a b c  a b c 
a
=−
a b c 
2 {a × (b × c )}
     
−1 −1
Similarly, b′ × ( c′ × a′ ) =
a b c 
2 {b × ( c × a )} and c′ × ( a′ × b′) =  
2 {c × ( a × b )}
  a b c 
1
( )
∴ a ′ × b′ × c ′ + b′ × ( c ′ × a ′ ) + c ′ × a ′ × b′ = ( ) a b c 
2 {a × (b × c ) + b × ( c × a ) + c × ( a × b )}
 
1
=−
a b c 
2 {( a ⋅ c ) b − ( a ⋅ b ) c + (b ⋅ a ) c − (b ⋅ c ) a + ( c ⋅ b ) a − ( c ⋅ a ) b}
 
=0 ∵ a ⋅ c = c ⋅ a , a ⋅ b = b ⋅ a , b ⋅ c = c ⋅ b 
 
( ) (
300. Ans. (c), a + b = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ + iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ )
(a + b ) = 3iˆ + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ 1 ˆ
Unit vector parallel to a + b ( ) =
a +b 2
=
7
(
3i + 6 ˆj − 2kˆ )
32 + 62 + ( −2 )

301. Ans. (b), The p.v. of required point is

( ) (
2 3a − 2b + 3 2a − 3b ) i.e. 12 a − 13 b
2+3 5 5
302. Ans. (c) Let A, B, C be the points with position vectors a , b , c respectively these points will be
collinear , if AB = λ AC
⇒ b − a = λ ( c − a ) ⇒ ( λ −1) a + b + ( −λ ) c = 0
⇒ xa + yb + zc = 0, where x = λ −1, y = 1, z = −λ ⇒ xa + yb + zc = 0, where x + y + z = 0
303. Ans. (d) we have AB = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ, AC = −6iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ
⇒ AB = 6 and AC = 3 6
As AO is angular bisector of ∠BAC Hence point D divides BC in the ratio AB:AC i.e.1:3.

∴ position vector of D = −
( −5iˆ + 2 ˆj − 6kˆ ) + 3 ( 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ )
1+ 3
1 ˆ
⇒ position vector of D =
4
i + 5 ˆj − 12kˆ ( )
1 3 3
4
( ) (
∴ AD = iˆ + 5 ˆj − 12kˆ − iˆ − ˆj − 3kˆ = −iˆ + 3 ˆj
4
) ( ) ⇒ AD = AD =
4
10

(
304. Ans. (d) It is given that the points P a + 2b + c , Q 2a + 3b and R b + tc are collinear ) ( ) ( )
∴ PQ = λ QR for some scalar λ

( )
⇒ a + b − c = λ −2a − 2b + tc ⇒ ( 2λ +1) a + a (1 + 2λ ) b − ( t λ +1) c = 0

⇒ 2λ +1 = 0,t λ +1 = 0 [∵a , b , c are non – coplanar Hence comparing coefficients is allowed]

⇒ t = 2.
305. Ans. (b) Any vector a coplanar with vectors iˆ + ˆj and ĵ + kˆ is a = x iˆ + ˆj + y ˆj + kˆ ( ) ( )
Or a = xiˆ + ( x + y ) ˆj + ykˆ

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)

It is given that a is parallel to 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ ( )

∴ a = λ 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ for some scalar λ

{ } ( )
⇒ xiˆ + ( x + y ) ˆj + ykˆ = λ 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ ⇒ x = 2λ , x + y = −2λ and y = −4λ ⇒ x = 2λ and y = −4λ

( )
∴ a = 2λ iˆ − ˆj − 2kˆ , where λ ∈ R. Hence option (b) is true .

306. Ans. (c) Using vector addition in ∆ΑΒC , have AB + BC = AC ⇒ a + b = AC

Clearly , AD is parallel to BC and AD = 2BC

∴ AD = 2b
In ∆ACD , we have
AC + CD = AD ⇒ a + b + CD = 2b ⇒ CD = b − a

307. Ans. (b) In ∆OAC , we have

OA + AC = OC ⇒ OA + b = a ⇒ OA = a − b

308. Ans. (c) Let A be the origin Then , AB = a , AC = b implies that the position
vectors of B and C are a and b respectively .
Let AD be the median and G be the centroid Then ,
a +b a +b 2 a +b
P.V . of D = , P.V of G = × =
2 2 3 3
a +b
∴ AG =
3
309. Ans. (b) Let 20iˆ + pjˆ,5iˆ − ˆj and 10iˆ − 13 ˆj be the position vectors of points P,Q and R respectively
Then , PQ = −15iˆ − ( p + 1) ˆj , QR = 5iˆ − 12 ˆj
It is given that the points P, Q ,R are collinear .
∴ PQ = λ QR for some λ

( )
⇒ − 15iˆ − ( p + 1) ˆj = λ 5iˆ − 12 ˆj ⇒ − 15 = 5λ and − ( p + 1) = −12λ
⇒ λ = −3 and p + 1 = 12λ ⇒ p = −37
310. Ans. (c) Let P ( a ) divide AB in the ratio 2: 3 and As c is the position vectors of B Then ,

a=
(
2 ( c ) + 3 a + 2b )
2+3
⇒ c = a − 3b
311. Ans. (b) It is given that points A, B and C are collinear .
∴ AB = λ BC for some scalar λ

{ }
⇒ − 20i − 11 ˆj = λ ( a − 40 ) iˆ − 44 ˆj ⇒ λ ( a − 40 ) = −20, −44λ = −11

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1
⇒ λ ( a − 40 ) = −20 and λ = ⇒ a − 40 = −80 ⇒ a = −40
4
312. Ans. (b) Taking O as the origin the position vectors of A and B are
B( b )
a = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ and bˆ = 3iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ respectively .
We have , a = b = 14. C
So the bisector OC of ∠AOB meets AB at its mid – point C.
O
1
(
∴ OC = OA + OB = 2 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ
2
) ( ) A( a )

ALITER : The vector equation of the bisector of ∠AOB is given by

4λ ˆ ˆ ˆ
(
r = λ aˆ + bˆ or r =) 14
i + j−k ( )
The vector equation of line AB is r = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ + µ 2iˆ − 2 ˆj ( ) (for some value of λ and µ )
4λ ˆ ˆ ˆ
For the point C to lie on AB , we must have
14
( ) ( ) (
i + j − k = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ + µ 2iˆ − 2 ˆj )
−4λ
⇒ = −2 [On equating the coefficients of k̂ ]
14
14 14
⇒λ=
2
Putting λ =
2
( ) (
in (i) we get r = 2 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ ⇒ OC = 2 iˆ + ˆj − kˆ )
313. Ans. (d) we have r = xa + yb + zc

( ) ( ) (
⇒ 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ = x 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ + y iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ + z −2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ )
⇒ 3 = 2 x + y − 2 z , 2 = − x + 3 y + z, − 5 = x − 2 y − 3z
x
⇒ x = 3, y = 1, z = 2 Clearly x = y + z ⇒ y, , z are in AP .
2
314. Ans. (b) If a and b non – collinear vectors such that α a + β b = 0 , then α = 0 and β = 0 .

( 2a − b ) x + ( 2b − a ) y + ( a + 2b ) = 0 . ∴ ( 2 x − y + 1) a + ( − x + 2 y + 2 ) b = 0 . ∴2 x − y + 1 = 0 and
− x + 2 y + 2 = 0 . Solving simultaneously, x = −4 / 3 , y = −5 / 3 y
315. Ans. (b) a ≡ ( a1, a2 , a3 ) ≡ ( −3, n, 4 ) , b ≡ ( b1, b2 , b3 ) ≡ ( −2,4, p) . ∵ a b . ∴ a1 / b1 = a2 / b2 = a3 / b3
−3 n 4 3 n 3 4
∴ = = .∴ = and = . ∴ n = 6 and p = 8 / 3
−2 4 p 2 4 2 p

( ) ( ) (
316. Ans. (c) AB + 2 BC + 3CD + 4 DA = AB + BC + BC + DA + 3 CD + DA = AC + BC − BC + 3CA ) ( )
= −CA + O + 3CA = 2CA
 a + a + 1 2 + b + 2 −2 + 1 − 2 
317. Ans. (b)  , ,  ≡ ( 2,1, c ) . ∴ 2a + 1 = 3 × 2, b + 4 = 3 × 1, − 1 = c . ∴ a = 5 / 2 ,
 3 3 3 
b = −1 , c = −1
3b + 2a
318. Ans. (c) c = . ∴C divides AB internally in the ratio 3 : 2 ∴ A − C − B
3+ 2

319. Ans. (c) Since X and Y divide AB internally and externally in the ratio 2:1.

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50 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
2b + a
∴Position vectors of X and Y are given by and 2b − a respectively.
3
1 1 4
∴ XY = OY − OX = (2b − a ) − (2b + a ) = (4b − 4a ) = (b − a )
3 3 3
320. Ans(d) Given a and b are position vectors of points A and B.
AB = OB − OA = a − b
A B
Given AC = 2 AB = P.V. of A − 2 (P.V. of B- P.V. of A) C
⇒ OC − OA = 2(b − a ) ⇒ OC − a = 2b − 2a
∴ OC = 2b − a
321. Ans(b) AB + AE + BC + DC + ED + AC = ( AB + BC ) + ( AE + ED + DC ) + AC
= AC + AC + AC = 3 AC
3a − 2b
322. Ans(c) OC =
3− 2
i.e., C divides the line joining A and B in ratio 3:2 externally.
AC 3 A C
= B
BC 2
Therefore point B is in between A and C.
c + 4b 2c 3b b
323. Ans(b) Let A(o), B (b), C (c) be three points D= ,E = ,F = ,K =
5 5 10 4
Now we know that LM = position vector of M- position vector of L
 c + 4b 2c − 5b 3b − 10c 
 + + 
 5 5 10 

b − 4c b − 4c b −c λ 2
=λ ⇒ =λ ⇒ = 10 ⇒ λ =
4 10 4 4 5
b +c
324. Ans(b) Hence a = ⇒ c = 2a − b
2
from given information the diagram formed is
O

( )
B b
A(a )
C (c )

325. Ans(b) Clearly from the figure

AF = CD, AB = ED E D
Therefore, AB + AC + AD + Ae + AF
( ) ( ) (
= AC + AF + AE + AB + AD = Ac + Cd + Ae + ED + AD) ( ) F C
= AD + AD + AD = 3 AD
λ =3 A B

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326. Ans(d) Let A(a ), B (b), C (c), D(d ) be the vertices of qudrilatral ABCD
b+c a+d
∴ Position vector of P = and that of Q =
2 2
Now, AB + DC = b − a + c − d D C
b +c a+d 
( ) (
= b + c − a + d = 2 − ) 
Q P
 2 2 

(
= 2 (P.V. of P - P.V. of Q) = 2 OP − OQ = 2OQ ) A B

r + 2(6b − 2a )
327. Ans(a) a − b =
1+ 2
3a − 3b = r + 12b − 4a
r = 7a − 15b
328. Ans(d) AB = BC (from triangle rule of addition of vectors)
∴Vectors AB and BC are collinear ∴Points A, B and C are collinear
Hence they lie on one line.
329. Ans(b) Applying triangle rule of addition of vectors thrice in triangles AEB, ADB and ACB
respectively we get
AE + EB = AB ……………….. (i) D
AD + DB = AB ……………… (ii) E
C
AC + CB = AB ……………… (iii)
Hence Their resultant is same as their sum
A
∴ AE + EB + AD + DB + AC + CB = 3 AB ……………… (iv)
330. Ans(a) PQ = P.V. of Q – P.V. of P B

= (5a + 3b 3 + 4c) − (2a + 4c) or, PQ = 3a + 3 3 b

RS = (2a + c) − (−2 3 b + c) = 2a + 2 3 b
1 2
RS = 2(a + 3 b) = 2( PQ) or RS = PQ ⇒ RS is scalar multiple of PQ
3 3
Therefore RS is parallel to PQ
331. Ans(c) Using section formula
c + 2a
b= ⇒ 3b = c + 2a ⇒ c = 3b − 2a
1+ 2
C

B
O A
332. Ans(c) 3OD + DA + DB + DC = (OD + DA) + (OD + DB ) + (OD + DC ) = OA + OB + OC
333. Ans(b) 3 p = 2q
⇒ 3( X + 4Y )a + 3(2 X + Y + 1)b = 2(Y − 2 X + 2)a + 2(2 X − 3Y − 1)b
⇒ 3 ( x + 4 y ) = 2 ( y − 2 + 2 ) ,3 ( 2 x + y + 1) = 2 ( 2 x − 3 y − 1) ⇒ 7 x + 10 y − 4 = 0, 2 x + a + 5 = 0

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(comparing coefficients is allowed Since a and b are non collinear vectors) on solving, we get
X = 2, Y = −1
334. Ans(d) Since a + 2b is collinear with c
∴ a + 2b = mc ………. (1)
Where m is a scalar. ∴ b + 3c is collinear with a
∴ b + 3c = na ……….. (2)
Where n is a scalar. To eliminate b are
(1) – 2. (2) gives ⇒ (a + 2b) − 2(b − 3c) = mc − 2na
a − 6c = mc − 2na
1 = −2n, −6 = m (on comparing coefficients)
1
∴ m = −6, n = − From (1), a + 2b = −6c ⇒ a + 2b + 6c = 0
2
3b + a
335. Ans. (a) AP : PB = 3:1 ⇒ Pv of P is
4
AQ : QP = 1 : 1 O
3b + a
a+( )
4 5a + 3b
P.V. of Q = =
2 8

A B
(a) Q P ( )
b

336. Ans(b) Given a − b = 2(d − c)

⇒ a + 2b = b + 2d C
B
a + 2c b + 2 d
⇒ =
1+ 2 1+ 2 D
This shows that points dividing AC and BD in the ratio 2:1
coincide. A
Hence BD and AC trisect each other.
337. Ans(b) Here as a + b is collinear with c Hence a + b = X c …….. (1)
and as b + c is collinear with a Hence b + c = Y a ………… (2)
Where Y is a scalar, Now subtracting equation (i) and (ii) we have
∴a − c = X c − Y a or (1 + Y )a = ( X + 1)c
But a, c are non – collinear.
∴1 + Y = 0, X + 1 = 0 Hence a + b = −c i.e. , a + b + c = 0
338. Ans. (a)Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ

Projection of a along b =
a.b
=
( 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) . ( iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) 2 − 1 + 1
= =
2
b 3 3 3
339. Ans. (d) Area of parallelogram

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iˆ ˆj kˆ D
C
= AB × AD = 1 1 1
b
−1 1 0

= iˆ ( −1) − ˆj (1) + kˆ ( 2 ) = 1 + 1 + 4 = 6 sq units A

a B
(
340. Ans. (a) a.b = −iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ . xiˆ + ˆj + ( x + 1) kˆ )( )
B C
= − x − 2 + x + 1 = −1 < 0 (obtuse angle) A
341. Ans. (b) Let c be the position vectors of C .
AB = OB − OA = b − a and AC = 2 AB = 2b − 2a b
a c
Now , in ∆ AOC ,
AC = OC − OA
O
⇒ 2b − 2a = c − a ⇒ c = 2b − 2a + a = 2b − a

( ) + ( a.b )
2 2
342. Ans. (c) We have , a × b = 144
2 2 2 2
⇒ a b sin 2 θ + a b cos 2 θ = 144
2 2
a b = 144 ⇒ b = 3 ∵ a = 4 

343. Ans. (c) ∵ xiˆ + yiˆ + zkˆ is a unit vector .

∴ x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and x : y : z = 3 : 2 : 3 ⇒ x = 3 k , y = 2k and z = 3k
1 1
( 3k )
2 2 2
∴ + ( 2k ) + ( 3k ) = 1 ⇒ 3k 2 + 4k 2 + 9k 2 = 1 ⇒ k 2 = ⇒k=
16 4
1 3
Hence , z = 3k = 3 ×
=
4 4
344. Ans. (d) ∵ a = iˆ − kˆ, b = xiˆ + ˆj + (1 − x ) kˆ and c = yiˆ + xjˆ + (1 + x − y ) kˆ
1 0 −1
(
∴ a. b × c = x 1 1− x )
y x 1+ x − y

( ) (
Expanding along R1 = 1 1 + x − y − x + x 2 − 1 x 2 − y = 1 − y + x 2 − x 2 + y = 1 )
(
Which shows that a. b × c dose not depend on x and y . )
2 2
345. Ans. (a) we have , a × b + a.b = 144
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a b sin 2 θ + a b cos 2 θ = 144 ⇒ a b = 144 ⇒ a b = 12
12
Since , a =4 ∴ b = =3
4
(
346. Ans. (a) Since , λ a + b . a − λ b = 0 )( )
( ) (∵ a = b )
2 2 2
⇒ λ a + 1 − λ 2 a.b − λ b = 0 ⇒ (1 − λ ) a b cos 60° = 0

⇒ λ = ±1 or λ = 1 (given θ = 60° )
347. Ans. (c) Let the position vectors of the vertices of a rectangle A , B , C , and D are

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54 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
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ˆj ˆj ˆj ˆj
OA = −iˆ + + 4kˆ , OB = iˆ + + 4kˆ , OC = iˆ − + 4kˆ , OD = −iˆ + + 4kˆ
2 2 2 2
 ˆj   ˆj 
Now , AB = OB − OA =  iˆ + + 4kˆ  −  −iˆ + + 4kˆ  = 2iˆ
 2   2 
 ˆj   ˆj 
BC = OC − OB =  iˆ − + 4kˆ  −  iˆ + − 4kˆ  = − ĵ
 2   2 

( ) ( )
∴ Area of rectangle = AB . BC = 2iˆ . − ˆj = 2.1.1 = 2 sq units

348. Ans. (b) Replace AB BY ED and AF BY CD

(
We get given = AE + ED + AC + AF + AD ) ( ) = 3 AD

349. Ans. (d) a = iˆ − 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = 3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ

∴ a + b = 4iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ

(
Now , c = λ a + b ) ∵ c
 ( a + b )
(
= λ 4iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ )
c = 4λiˆ − λ ˆj + 5λ kˆ ⇒ 1 = 4λ 2 + λ 2 + 25λ 2 ∵ c = 1( given ) 

⇒ 1 = 42 λ (Note that λ must be positive as c and a + b have same direction)

1 1 1
⇒λ=
42
∴c =
42
(
4iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ =
42
)
( 4, −1,5)
350. Ans. (d) Given , r1 = λ iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and r1 = iˆ + ( 2 − λ ) ˆj + 2kˆ
∴ r1 > r2 (given)
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ λ 2 + ( 2 ) + (1) > (1) + ( 2 − λ ) + ( 2 ) ⇒ λ 2 + 4 + 1 > 1 + 4 + λ 2 − 4λ + 4
⇒ 5 > 9 − 4λ ⇒ 4λ > 4 ⇒ λ > 1
351. Ans. (c) We know that , if three vectors a , b , c are coplanar , then  a b c  = 0

Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and c = 3iˆ + mjˆ + 5kˆ

2 −1 1
Then ,  a b c  = 1 2 −3 = 0
3 m 5
⇒ 2 (10 + 3m ) + 1( 5 + 9 ) + 1( m − 6 ) = 0 ⇒ 20 + 6m + 14 + m − 6 = 0 ⇒ 7 m + 28 = 0 ⇒ m = −4
352. Ans. (b) Given that , the vertices of ∆ ΑBC are iˆ , ĵ and iˆ + ˆj + λ kˆ.
Then ,
AB = 2, BC = 1 + λ 2 and CA = 1 + λ 2

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A (1, 0, 0 )
∵ ∆ ABC is right angled triangle .

∴ AB 2 = BC 2 + CA2
⇒ 2 = 1+ λ2 +1+ λ2
⇒ λ =0 B C
( 0,1, 0 ) (1,1, λ )
353. Ans. (c) Since , B is the mid – point of AC , then
O

OA + OC a + OC
OB = ⇒b = ⇒ OC = 2b − a a
2 2 b

A B C
354. Ans. (a) In ∆ ΟΑΒ,
OA + AB = OB
⇒ AB = OB − OA = b − a ∵ AB = 2 BC
1 1
⇒ C is mid point of AB ∴ AC =
2
AB =
2
(b −a )
2
355. Ans. (b) a + b = a +b

2 2
= a + b + 2 a b cos 60° (∵ θ = 60° )
[∵ a and b are unit vectors ⇒ a = b = 1 ]

2 2 1
= (1) + (1) + 2.1.1. = 3 ∴ a +b >1
2
356. Ans. (b) Given that , a = iˆ − 3 ˆj and OA = −iˆ + 5 ˆj
Let the coordinates of B are ( x, y ) , then OB = xiˆ + yjˆ

∴ AB = a = OB − OA ⇒ ( x + 1) iˆ + ( y − 5 ) ˆj = iˆ − 3 ˆj ⇒ x + 1 = 1 and y − 5 = −3
⇒ x = 0 and y = 2 ∴ coordinates of B are ( 0, 2 ) .
π
357. Ans. (b) ∵ p and q are unit vectors , which makes an angle
3
π 1
With each other . ∴ p.q = p q cos =
3 2
2
1 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 3
Now , p − q = p + q − p.q = 1+ − = ∴ p− q =
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2

( ) (
358. Ans. (d) ∵ iˆ − xjˆ − 2kˆ and 2iˆ + ˆj + ykˆ are orthogonal . )
( )( )
∴ iˆ + xjˆ − 2kˆ . 2iˆ + ˆj + ykˆ = 0 ⇒ 2 − x − 2 y = 0 ⇒ x + 2 y = 2
Which is an equation of straight line .
Thus , the locus of the point ( x, y ) is a straight line .

359. Ans. (d) ∵ c is normal to the vectors a and b ,then

c .a = 0 and c .b = 0

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56 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
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Now , c . a + b = c .a + c .b = 0 + 0 = 0

( )
and c . a − b = c .a − c .b = 0 − 0 = 0 ( )
∴ c is normal to a + b and a − b ( )
360. Ans. (d) Let a = −iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ and b = iˆ − 3 xjˆ − 2 ykˆ
If both the vectors are orthogonal to each other , then a.b = 0
1
( )( )
⇒ −iˆ − 2 xjˆ − 3 ykˆ . iˆ − 3 xjˆ − 2 ykˆ = 0 ⇒ − 1 + 6 x 2 + 6 y 2 = 0 ⇒ 6 x 2 + 6 y 2 = 1 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 =
6
Which is the equation of a circle .
361. Ans. (b) Since a , b and c are mutually perpendicular vectors .
Let a = 10iˆ, b = 10 ˆj , c = kˆ

∴ 2a + 2b + 40c = 20iˆ + 20 ˆj + 40kˆ = 20 iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ = 20 6( )

362. Ans. (d) If the vectors AB, AC and AD are coplanar , then the points A , B , C and D are coplanar.
Now , AB = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 0kˆ, AC = 0iˆ + 1 ˆj + 4kˆ and AD = ( λ − 1) iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ
As AB, AC , and AD are coplanar
1 2 0
∴ 0 1 4 = 0 ⇒ 1( 3 − 8 ) − 2 {−4 ( λ − 1)} = 0 ⇒ − 5 − 2 {−4λ + 4} = 0
λ −1 2 3
13
⇒ −5 + 8λ − 8 = 0 ⇒ 8λ = 13 ⇒ λ =
8
363. Ans. (b) Given that , a = 10, b = 2 and a.b = 12

⇒ a b cos θ = 12 ⇒ 10.2.cos θ = 12 ⇒ cos θ = 3 / 5 …….(i)

sin θ = 1 − cos 2 θ = 1 − 9 / 5 = 4 / 5
4
Now , a × b = a b sin θ nˆ = a b sin θ nˆ = 10.2.1. sin θ = 10.2.1. 4 / 5 = 20 × = 4 × 4 = 16
5
364. Ans. (c) Given , a = ( 2,1 − 1) , b = (1, −1, 0 ) and c = ( 5 − 1,1)

Now , a + b − c = ( 2 + 1 − 5,1 − 1 + 1, −1 + 0 − 1) = ( −2,1, −2 ) = d (say)

−d − ( −2,1, −2 )
∴ Unit vectors (in the opposite direction of d ) = =
2 2 2
d ( −2 ) + (1) + ( −2 )
− ( −2,1, −2 ) −1 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ
= = ( −2,1, −2 ) =
4 +1+ 4 3 3
4 + 6 + 6 16 33 33
365. Ans. (a) cos θ = = ∴ sin θ = , tan θ =
17 17 17 17 16
366. Ans. (d) Let a = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ, OP = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and OQ = 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 3kˆ
⇒ PQ = −4iˆ − 7 ˆj + 4kˆ
∴ projection of the vector a on PQ is given by

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=
a.PQ
=
( )(
4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ . −4iˆ − 7 ˆj + 4kˆ
=
−16 + 21 + 4 9)
= =1
PQ 2 2
( −4 ) + ( −7 ) + 42 16 + 49 + 16 9

367. Ans. (c) Let the position vectors of B, C and R are b , c , and r respectively

a +b A
∴In ∆ AOB, p = (by section formula) a
2 O
p •r
⇒ b = 2 p − a ........(i ) R
•P
b +c q
Now , in ∆ ΒΟC , q = (by section formula)
2 C (c )
⇒ c = 2q − b ( b )B Q

⇒ c = 2q − ( 2 p − a ) [from Eq .(i)]
a+c
c = 2q − 2 p + a ......(ii ) and in ∆ ΑΟC , r = (by section formula)
2

=
( 2q − 2 p + a ) + a [from Eq . (ii)]
2
= q − p + a = a −( p − q)
368. Ans. (c) Position vector of Q is OQ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ and position of R is OR = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
∴ S and T are the mid points of PQ and PR ,respectively .
1 P
∴ ST = QR ……(i)
2
Now , QR = OR − OQ S T

( ) (
= iˆ + ˆj + kˆ − 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ )
= −iˆ − 2 ˆj − 4kˆ Q R
2 2 2 1
⇒ QR = ( −1) + ( −2 ) + ( −4 ) = 1 + 4 + 16 = 21 ∴ ST = QR [from Eq . (i)]
2
1 21
ST = 21 = units
2 2
2 2 2
369. Ans. (d) ∵ a × b = a b nˆ sin θ ⇒ a × b = a b sin 2 θ ......(i )
2 2 2
Now , a.b = a b cos θ ⇒ a.b = a b cos 2 θ .....(ii )

( sin θ + cos 2 θ )
2 2 2 2
2
On adding Eqs . (i) and (ii) , we get a × b + a.b = a b
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a × b = − a.b + a b But a × b = k a.b + a b (given)
⇒ k = −1
u ×v
370. Ans. (a), We have, u . nˆ = 0 and v . nˆ = 0 ∴ n̂ ⊥ u and nˆ ⊥ v = nˆ = ±
u ×v

( ) (
Now, u × v = iˆ + ˆj × iˆ − ˆj = −2kˆ ) ∴ n̂ = ± kˆ Hence, w . nˆ = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ . ± kˆ = 3 ( )( )

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2 2 2
371. Ans. (a), The length of the required diagonals is a − b . Now, a − b = a + b − 2 a .b
2 2 2 2
⇒ a −b = a + b − 2 a b cos 60° ⇒ a −b = c2 + c2 − c2 = c2 ⇒ a −b = c

372. Ans. (a), We have, a . p = a .

( b × c ) = a .( b × c ) = a b c  = 1 ; a .q = a .
c×a
=
[a c a ] = 0
a b c  a b c  a b c  a b c  a b c 
         
Similarly, we have a . r = 0, b . p = 0, b . q = 1, b . r = 0, c . p = 0, c . q = 0 and c . r = 1
∴ ( a + b + c ) . ( p + q + r ) = a . p + a . q + a . r + b . p +b . q + b . r + c . p + c . q + c . r = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
1 0 0
373. Ans. (c) We have  a b + c a + b + c  = 0 1 1  a b c  = 0
1 1 1

374. Ans. (a) Vectors a , b , c will be coplanar if  a b c  = 0

x x +1 x + 2
We have  a b c  = x + 3 x + 4 x+5
x+6 x+7 x +8
x x +1 x + 2
⇒  a b c  = 3 3 3 [Applying R2 → R2 − R1 , R3 → R3 − R1 ]
6 6 6

⇒  a b c  = 0 for all x [∵ R1 and R2 are proportional]

Hence , vectors are coplanar for all values of x .
1 0 −1 1 0 0
375. Ans. (a) We have ,  a b c  = x 1 1− x ⇒  a b c  = x 1 1 Appling C3 → C3 → C1
y x 1+ x − y y x 1+ x

⇒  a b c  = 1, which is independent of both x and y

376. Ans. (c) Given vectors will be coplanar , if
−λ 2 1 1
( ) (λ )
2
2
1 −λ 1 =0 ⇒ λ 6 − 3λ 2 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 1 + λ 2 2
−2 =0⇒λ = ± 2
2
1 1 −λ

377. Ans. (a) Since a , b , c are coplanar vectors . Therefore 2a − 3b , 7b − 9c and 12c − 23a are also
coplanar vectors .
Hence ,  2a − 3b 7b − 9c 12c − 23a  = 0

ALITER : Let α = 2a − 3b , β = 7b − 9c and γ = 12c − 23a. Then ,

2 −3 0
α β γ  = 0
  7 −9  a b c  ⇒ α β γ  = (168 + 3 ( −207 ) )  a b c 
−23 0 12

⇒ α β γ  = 0 ∵ a b c  = 0 ⇒ α , β , γ are coplanar vectors .

   

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378. Ans. (b) Let α = a + b , β = b + c , and γ = c + a. Then , α = a + b + 0 c , β = 0 a + b + c and

γ = a + 0b + c
1 1 0
α β γ  = 0 1 1  a b c  ⇒ α β γ  = 2  a b c 
   
1 0 1
379. Ans. (a) Let α = a − b , β = b − c and γ = c − a. or α = a − b + 0c , β = 0 a + b − c and γ = − a + 0 b + c
1 −1 0
Then , α β γ  = 0 1 −1  a b c  ⇒ α β γ  = 0 ×  a b c  = 0
−1 0 1
ALITER 1 : We have , α + β + γ = a − b + b − c + c + c − a = 0 ⇒ α , β , γ are linearly dependent
⇒ α , β , γ are coplanar . ⇒ α β γ  = 0 or  a − b b − c c − a  = 0

380. Ans. (a) Since a , b , c are coplanar vectors .

∴ a b c  = 0 Let α = 2a − b , β = 2b − c and γ = 2c − a. Then ,

2 −1 0
α β γ  = 2
  2 −1  a b c  ⇒ α β γ  = 7  a b c  = 7 × 0 = 0
−1 0 2
381. Ans. (d) Let ABCD be the given tetrahedron .Then , AB = ˆj , AC = ˆj + kˆ and AD = iˆ + 3 ˆj + λ kˆ
1 1 1
∴Volume = ⇒  AB AC AD  =
  ⇒  AB AC AD  = 1
6 6 6
0 1 0
⇒ ( AB × AC ) .AD = 1 ( ˆ )( ˆ )
⇒ ˆj × ˆj + k . iˆ + 3 ˆj + λ k = 0 1 1 = 1,
1 3 λ
⇒ which is true for all values of λ .

{ } { }
2 4
382. Ans. (b) We have , a × b b × c c × a  =  a b c  = 2 4 = 16
 
383. Ans. (a) and (c) Since v × w is a vector . Therefore , u. ( v × w ) is a scalar quantity .
As , ( u.v ) is scalar .Therefore , ( u.v ) .w is not meaningful .
But , ( u.v ) w is a scalar .multiple of w. So it is meaningful .
Since v .w is a scalar So , u × ( v .w ) is not meaningful .
384. Ans. (c) We have , u. ( v × w ) = ( v × w ) .u [∴Dot product is commutative]
So , expression in options of dot and cross can be interchanged in scalar triple product . Therefore,
( u × v ) .w = u . ( v × w )
So , expression in options (a) and (d) are equal. But , v . ( u × w ) = ( u × w ) .v = u. ( w × v ) = −u. ( v × w )
Hence , expression in (c) is not equal to the remaining three .

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