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Practice Test Mba1

The passage discusses two main hypotheses for explaining the emergence of modern humans: 1) The 'Out of Africa' theory that homo sapiens emerged recently in Africa and replaced Neanderthals, and 2) The multi-regional evolution theory that homo sapiens arose earlier in Africa and evolved as populations spread across the Old World linked by genetic exchange. While Out of Africa has more scholarly support, fossils and examinations of early modern human skulls provide some evidence for multi-regionalism. The debate among paleoanthropologists on human origins continues as each side challenges the other's evidence and conclusions.

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189 views

Practice Test Mba1

The passage discusses two main hypotheses for explaining the emergence of modern humans: 1) The 'Out of Africa' theory that homo sapiens emerged recently in Africa and replaced Neanderthals, and 2) The multi-regional evolution theory that homo sapiens arose earlier in Africa and evolved as populations spread across the Old World linked by genetic exchange. While Out of Africa has more scholarly support, fossils and examinations of early modern human skulls provide some evidence for multi-regionalism. The debate among paleoanthropologists on human origins continues as each side challenges the other's evidence and conclusions.

Uploaded by

Rani Permata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICE TEST 1

Telecommuting – substituting the computer for the trip to the job – has been hailed
as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises
freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For
management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness
and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-
concentration task, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern
California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start
telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush - hour congestion and improve air quality.
But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires
careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities
and popular images.

Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer


programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in
contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his Office three days 8 week
and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for child; she hooks up
her telephone modem connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.

These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting
workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young
child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize. much less
respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is
necessary if the parent is to get any work done.

Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has
paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting. in most cases it is the employee's
situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting
arrangement.

That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies
with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.

1. What is the main subject of the passage.


(A) Business management policies
(B) Driving to work
(C) Extending the workplace by means of commuters
(D) Commuters for child - care purposes

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for office employees9.


(A) Being restricted to the office (B) Incurring expenses for lunches and clothing
(C) Taking care of sick children (D) Driving in heavy traffic
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by
telecommuting?
(A) Employees' lateness for work
(B) Employees' absence from work
(C) Employees' need for time alone to work intensively
(D) Employee's' conflicts with second jobs

4. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting?
(A) Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play.
(B) Computer technology is not advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.
(C) Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project.
(D) The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home.

5. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?


(A) A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station
(B) A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home
(C) A computer technician repairing an office computer network
(D) A teacher directing computer-assisted learning in a private school

PRACTICE TEST 2
There are two main hypotheses when it comes to explaining the emergence of
modern humans. The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds that homo sapiens burst onto the scene
as a new species around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently
replaced archaic humans such as the Neandertals. The other model, known as multi-
regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far more ancient and diverse roots for
our kind. Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens arose in Africa some 2
million years ago and evolved as a single species spread across the Old World, with
populations in different regions linked through genetic and cultural exchange.

Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was originally developed based on fossil
evidence, and supported by much genetic research, has been favored by the majority of
evolution scholars. The vast majority of these genetic studies have focused on DNA from
living populations, and although some small progress has been made in recovering DNA
from Neandertal that appears to support multi-regionalism, the chance of recovering
nuclear DNA from early human fossils is quite slim at present. Fossils thus remain very
much a part of the human origins debate.

Another means of gathering theoretical evidence is through bones. Examinations of


early modern human skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to between 20,000
and 30,000 years old have suggested that both groups apparently exhibit traits seen in
their Middle Eastern and African predecessors. But the early modern specimens from
Central Europe also display Neandertal traits, and the early modern Australians showed
affinities to archaic Homo from Indonesia. Meanwhile, the debate among
paleoanthropologists continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses challenge the
evidence and conclusions of each other.
6. The passage primarily discusses which of the following
(A) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa” theory
(B) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the human origins debate
(C) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among theorists on the human origins debate
(D) That fossils remain very much a part of the human origins debate
7. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) complexity (B) development (C) appearance (D) decline
8. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in meaning to
(A) experts (B) advocates (C) inspectors (D) historians

9. All of the following are true except


(A) three methods of gathering evidence are mentioned in the passage
(B) the multi-regional model goes back further in history.
(C) the Out of Africa model has had more support from scholars
(D) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future to provide clear evidence.

10. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning to


(A) small (B) narrow (C) thin (D) difficult

11. Which of the following is not true


(A) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused on living populations
(B) early modern human skulls all support the same conclusions
(C) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for the new species.
(D) early modern Australian skulls have similarities to those from Indonesia.
12. In line 19, the word “their” refers to which of the following
(A) Middle Easterners and Africans (B) skulls
(C) central Europeans and Australians (D) traits
13. Which of the following is NOT true about the two hypotheses
(A) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the predecessors of modern humans
(B) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses
(C) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating location.
(D) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo sapiens much earlier than the other.
14. It can be inferred from the passage that
(A) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the near future
(B) the debate will interest historians to take part in
(C) the debate is likely to be less important in future
(D) there is little likelihood that the debate will die down.
15. According to the passage, the multi-regional evolution model posits far more diverse roots for our
kind because
(A) Evidence from examinations of early modern human skulls has come from a number of
different parts of the world.
(B) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi-regionalism
(C) Populations in different regions were linked through genetic and cultural exchange
(D) This has been supported by fossil evidence
ANSWERS:

ANSWERS PRACTICE TEST 1: CBDAB

ANSWERS PRACTICE TEST 2: BCBDABCADC

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