Cummins ISX

Regeneration
Process

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Introduction

• Cummins ISX
– EGR : Exhaust Gas Recirculation
– DPF : Diesel Particulate Filter
– VGT :Variable Geometry Turbocharger
– SCR : Selective Catalyst Reduction
– 24V CONTROLS!

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Introduction
• The Cummins Particulate Filter consists of four sections:
1. Inlet
2. Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC),
3. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
4. Outlet
• Exhaust flows out of the engine and into the Cummins Particulate Filter.
It passes through the DOC and then into the DPF where PM is collected
on the walls of the DPF. The PM collected is then oxidized to remove it
from the DPF. This is known as regeneration.
• When operating conditions maintain sufficient exhaust temperatures, the
DPF is continually self-regenerating. This is known as passive regeneration
and results in clean exhaust out of the tailpipe. On very infrequent
occasions, an active self-regeneration
is required to remove a build-up of
PM in the DPF, due to
insufficient exhaust temperatures.

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EGR
• The EGR cooler (1) cools the exhaust gases flowing to the EGR valve. The
EGR cooler is mounted above the exhaust manifold and is supported by
the EGR valve mounting bracket attached to the rocker housing.
• Because the EGR valve (2) is mounted after the EGR cooler, the EGR cooler
is subject to the same exhaust temperatures and pressures as the exhaust
manifold.
• The EGR cooler has a coolant vent (3) near the exhaust inlet of the EGR
cooler. This vent prevents air from being trapped in the cooler during
coolant filling and engine
operation by continuously
flowing coolant to the top
tank of the vehicle cooling
system.

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ISX
• Exhaust pressure in the exhaust manifold (which determines the
position of the VGT and the EGR valve) is measured by an exhaust
pressure sensor.
• To maximize the durability of the exhaust pressure sensor, the sensor
does not mount directly into the exhaust manifold. The exhaust
pressure sensor is connected by a tube to the exhaust manifold.
• The exhaust pressure sensor is located on the EGR cooler coolant
outlet connection for additional cooling of the sensor.

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DPF
• The aftertreatment Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system is used to
reduce particulate emissions and is composed of six main components:
1. Aftertreatment inlet and aftertreatment Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
(DOC)
2. Aftertreatment DPF (Differential Pressure Sensor)
3. Aftertreatment DPF
4. Aftertreatment outlet
5. Aftertreatment exhaust gas temperature sensors
6. Aftertreatment DPF temperature sensor interface module

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ISX
• Passive regeneration occurs when the exhaust temperatures are
naturally high enough to oxidize the soot collected in the
aftertreatment DPF (1) faster than the soot is collected.
• Passive regeneration typically occurs when the temperature of the
aftertreatment DPF is above 316°C [601°F]. This occurs during
highway driving or driving with heavy loads.
• Since passive regeneration occurs naturally, it is considered to be
normal engine operation. No fuel is added to the exhaust stream
during passive regeneration.

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ISX
• Active Regeneration occurs when the exhaust temperatures
are not naturally high enough to oxidize the soot collected in the
aftertreatment DPF faster than it is collected.
• Active regeneration requires assistance from the engine in order to
increase the exhaust temperature. This is typically done by injecting
a small amount of diesel fuel into the exhaust stream (called
aftertreatment injection) which is then oxidized by the
aftertreatment DOC. The oxidation of this additional fuel creates
the heat needed to regenerate the aftertreatment DPF.
• For active regeneration to occur, the engine control module
(ECM) MUST detect that the aftertreatment DPF restriction has
reached a specified limit. Once this limit is reached, the engine will
alter its operation in order to create exhaust temperatures high
enough to actively regenerate the aftertreatment DPF.

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Passive Regeneration
• Cummins engines are designed to maximize the use of passive
self-regeneration. This occurs when operating conditions
maintain sufficient exhaust temperature, therefore enabling
continuous oxidation of the PM. Passive self-regeneration is
completely transparent to the operator and does not affect
the operation or performance.

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Stationary Regeneration
• Stationary, or parked regeneration is the same as active
regeneration but takes place while the equipment is not being
operated. It offers the equipment operator the option, if
needed, of performing regeneration outside the normal duty
cycle. Using this option may only be required in a very limited
number of applications.

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DPF Symbols
• DEF Lamp

• High Exhaust Temperature

• DPF Regeneration Required

• MIL Lamp

• DEF Level
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Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)

(Illuminated)

• Used on engines that are equipped with On-board

Diagnostics (OBD), the emission control system monitors
and reports malfunctions that impact the emission control
devices.
• If the OBD detects such a malfunction, the on-board
diagnostic system illuminates the MIL to indicate that the
engine needs to be serviced at the first available
opportunity.
• The MIL can be illuminated along with any of the engine
indicator lamps.
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High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST) Lamp

• The HEST Lamp illuminates to indicate that high exhaust

temperatures may exist due to after-treatment
regeneration.
• This is normal and does not signify the need for any kind of
vehicle or engine service.
• When this lamp is illuminated, ensure that the exhaust
pipe outlet is not directed at any combustible surface or
material.

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 After treatment Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF) Lamp

The After treatment DPF Lamp indicates, when illuminated or

flashing, that the after treatment DPF requires regeneration. This is
accomplished by the following:
1. The Van Hool coach is equipped with a Regeneration Inhibit
Switch; ensure that the switch is not in the Inhibit position.
2. Perform DPF regeneration by one of the following methods:
a. Change to a more challenging duty cycle, such as highway
driving, for at least 20 minutes.
-- OR –
b. Perform a parked regeneration.
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DEF Lamp

Illuminated

• An illuminated DEF is an indication that the DEF level is low

(15% remaining). This can be corrected by refilling the DEF
tank.

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DEF Lamp

Flashing

A flashing DEF lamp indicates that the DEF level has fallen below
a critical level (10% remaining).
This can be corrected by refilling the DEF tank.

Note: Van Hool recommends that the DEF level not fall below
20%. Allowing this can cause fault codes.

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DEF Lamp

Flashing with Check Engine Light

• A flashing DEF Lamp combined with an illuminated MIL Lamp

indicates that the DEF level is critically low (5%).
• A speed inducement of 55 mph will be enacted the first time
the ignition switch is cycled off then back on.
• The speed limit of 55 mph will be suspended during pumping
operations.
• Normal engine power and vehicle speed will be restored after
the DEF tank is refilled.

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DEF Lamp

Stop Engine Lamp, MIL Lamp with flashing DEF

• If the engine has been shut down after the DEF tank has run dry,
the Stop Engine lamp will also be illuminated, along with the
flashing DEF Lamp.
• A speed inducement of 25 mph will be enacted the first time
the ignition switch is cycled off then back on.
• The speed limit of 25 mph will be suspended during pumping
operations.
• Normal engine power and vehicle speed will be restored after
the DEF tank is refilled.

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After Treatment Diesel Particulate
Filter (DPF) Lamp

Flashing

• If regeneration is not performed in a timely manner after

the DPF Lamp is illuminated, the DPF Lamp will begin to
flash. This indicates a higher level of soot in the DPF.
a. Change to a more challenging duty cycle, such as
highway driving, for at least 20 minutes.
OR
b. Perform a parked regeneration.

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Regeneration Process Overview
A message that may appear on dashboard display

DPF REGENERATION REQUIRED

Two options to perform regeneration:
1. Automatic Regeneration: Drive at highway speeds for
minimum of 20 minutes without dropping speed below
5MPH.
2. Stationary Regeneration: Involves the following procedure:
Note: DPF lamp must be solid or flashing to perform stationary
regeneration.

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Regeneration Process Overview
Location of Regeneration buttons in engine compartment:

Force Regeneration

Regeneration Inhibit

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Regeneration Process Cummins Engine
Equipment Conditions:
1. Engine running Temperature range of 175° to 185° Fahrenheit.
2. Parking brake on (Wheels chocked).
3. Transmission in Neutral.
4. HVAC System off.

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Regeneration Process Cummins Engine
• Press “Force regeneration switch” for at least 2-7 seconds.
• If Regeneration is accepted, RPM will rise until regeneration
is complete.

Note: Prior 2009 models had regeneration switch inside the cab in driver controls.

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Regeneration Process Overview
Regeneration in process:
• Once regeneration process has begun, engine RPM’s increase
to 1500.
• Observe vehicle and immediate surroundings during
regeneration.
• Regeneration process takes 20 to 40 minutes.
• When regeneration has been successful, the engine speed
automatically returns to idling speed, and the “DPF
Regeneration” symbol will turn off.
• If the “DPF Regeneration” symbol reappears, the regeneration
process has failed. In that case, ask for technical assistance.

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Regeneration Process Overview
To Interrupt Regeneration:

WARNING! If an unsafe situation occurs, stop the

regeneration process immediately by pushing the brake
pedal or by switching off the engine. The regeneration
process is also stopped if you momentarily press the
“Regeneration Inhibit” button.

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For questions regarding this webcast
please contact
ABC’s Technical Service Department
at 877.427.7278.
Listen for the prompts for Coach Technical Support, and select the
appropriate option. Support is available at this number 24/7.

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