-Topic Notes

-Misc
-Error Handling
-Thrown Errors
-Methods can throw errors in swift
-The way to know if that methods have the ability to throw errors if
they have the word ‘throws’ at the end of the method.
-Any
-Another topic covered was portions of Any and AnyObject
-These types are normally used for using code with old Objective-C API.
This isn’t super relevant and commonly used now because lots of Objective-C API has been
updated.
-Variables of type “Any” can hold something of any type where AnyObject
holds classes only.
-For good practice in Swift, try to avoid using Any and anyObject.
-We have already seen ’any’ a little when we used
‘NSAttributedStringKey’ where ‘any’ was used as the type of the values in the attributes
Dictionary.
-Since any is mainly used in old Objective C code, we would probably use
enums with protocols attached to it.
-The main lesson is to not use ‘Any’ in this coursework with projects but it
is ok to call an API that uses it.
-Other Interesting Classes
-NSObject
-Base class for all Objective-C Classes.
-Some advanced features with require you to call a subclass from
NSObject.
-NSNumber
-NSNumber is the generic number-holding class.
-Date
-Value type used to find out the date and time in a instance and to
store dates.
-Useful classes
-Calendar
-DateFormatter
-DateComponents
-Data
-Class Data is used to save, restore, transmit raw data through the
software development kit.
-Views
-A view represents a rectangular area
-defines coordinate space
-for drawing
 -handling touch events
-Hierarchical
-a view only has one superview
-it can have many subviews
-order in subview array is important
-UIWindow
-at the very top of the view hierarchy
-normally only one UIWindow in an entire iOS application.
-Where does view hierarchy start?
-The top of the (useable) view hierarchy is the Controller’s var view:
UIView.
-This simple property is a very important thing to understand!
-This view is the one whose bounds will change on rotation, for example.
-This view is likely the one you will programmatically add subviews to (if
you ever do that).
-All of your MVC’s View’s UIViews will have this view as an ancestor.
-It’s automatically hooked up for you when you create an MVC in Xcode.
-Initializing UIView
-Always try to avoid an initializer if possible
-a UIView’s initializer is different if it comes out of a storyboard
-if you need an initializer, implement them both
-Coordinate System Data Structures
-CGFloat
-use this instead of double or float for anything to do with UIView’s coordinate
system.
-CGPoint
-Simply a struct with two CGFloats: an x and y
-CGSize
-a struct with two CGFloats: width and height
-CGRect
-a struct with a CGPoint and a CGSize in it
-View Coordinate System
-Origin is in the upper left
-units are in points, not pixels
-pixels are the minimum-sized unit of drawing your device is capable of
-points are the units in the coordinate system
-most of the time there is 2 pixels per point
-bounds vs frame
-use frame or center to position a UIView
-Creating Views
-most often you create your views by using the storyboard
-you occasionally create it with code
-Custom Views
 -When To Create UIView Subclass
-when you want to do custom drawing on screen
-handling touch events in particular way
-NEVER CALL draw(cgRect)
-Custom Views
-Core Graphics Concepts
-you get a context to draw into
-create paths (out of lines, arcs, etc)
-set drawing attributes like colors fonts, textures linewidths, linecaps
-Defining a Path
-Create a UIBezierPath
-Move around, add lines or arcs to path
-close the path (if you want, not always necessary)
-set attributes and use stroke or fill
-Drawing
-You can also draw common shapes with UIBezierPath
-clipping your drawing to a UIBezierPath
-Hit detection
-UIColor
-Colors are set using UIColor
-Background color of a UIView
-Colors can have alpha
-Layers
-Underneath UIView is a drawing mechanism called CALayer
-there is some useful API in CALayer that I should do some side
research on
-View Transparency
-What happens when views overlap and have transparency
-subviews list order determines who is in front
-completely hide a view without removing it is used with “isHidden”