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Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation Unit Operations

This document compares gas absorption and distillation as unit operations for separating components in mixtures. Gas absorption uses a liquid solvent to separate components in a gas mixture based on solubility. Distillation separates liquid mixtures into individual components using thermal energy and differences in boiling points. Key differences include gas absorption operating below boiling points using solution diffusion, while distillation operates at or above boiling points using equimolar counter diffusion. Distillation produces purer products but requires more energy.

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2K views

Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation Unit Operations

This document compares gas absorption and distillation as unit operations for separating components in mixtures. Gas absorption uses a liquid solvent to separate components in a gas mixture based on solubility. Distillation separates liquid mixtures into individual components using thermal energy and differences in boiling points. Key differences include gas absorption operating below boiling points using solution diffusion, while distillation operates at or above boiling points using equimolar counter diffusion. Distillation produces purer products but requires more energy.

Uploaded by

ejaz924n
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/18/2017 Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation Unit Operations

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Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation Unit Operations


Sam kk / February 16, 2012

An Absorption is a technique which commonly used for scrubbing operation, to separate a component present in a gas mixture by the
help of a solvent which dissolves a particular selected component. Some of the main characteristics of absorption operation are
compared with distillation operation. Distillation is such a unit operation that uses thermal energy to separate component into fraction
based on their boiling points:

Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation:

ABSORPTION

Gas absorption is operation which deals with the separation of constituent present in a gas mixture.
A liquid is used for separation of gas mixture
The solvent in liquid form is below it boiling point
The principle of solute diffusion governs the absorption operation that is a component from gas phase diffuse into liquid phase
Pure products are not obtained further purification operations are required
Heat of solution will dominate the heat effect caused by dissolved gas
High performance of gas absorption column is attained when it operates below dew point temperatures conditions
The best equipment for gas absorption is packed bed column
The degree of separation depend on the selection of solvent and solubility of gas in that solvent
Example:

1. Separation of ammonia from air using water


2. Separation of sulphur dioxide from flue gas using base solutions

DISTILLATION

A liquid mixture can be separated into individual components


Thermal energy influence the separation of liquid mixture
The liquid exist at bubble point
Equimolar counter diffusion take place that is mass is transferred between liquid phase and gas phase simultaneously
Pure products are produced nearly 99.99%
Latent heat of vaporisation and condensation are dominating heat effect of distillation tower
All vapour should be at dew point temperature for continuous operation of distillation column
High performance of distillation operation is obtained by a plate tower equipment
Separation of component by distillation depends on the volatility of individual component present in the feed liquid mixture. The
large the difference of volatility between them the higher the separation can be done
Example :

1. Separation of crude petroleum into fuels as gasoline, diesel etc.


2. Separation of methanol and water

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12/18/2017 Comparison of Gas Absorption and Distillation Unit Operations

February 16, 2012 in Process Equipments.

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