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Lect 05 Abstraction and Encapsulation

This document discusses abstraction, encapsulation, and information hiding. It defines abstraction as capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Encapsulation tightly couples an object's data and behavior so its implementation is hidden. Information hiding stores data within an object and only allows the object to manipulate it, hiding details from outside users. The examples demonstrate these concepts from student, teacher, and engineer perspectives.

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syed02
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19 views

Lect 05 Abstraction and Encapsulation

This document discusses abstraction, encapsulation, and information hiding. It defines abstraction as capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Encapsulation tightly couples an object's data and behavior so its implementation is hidden. Information hiding stores data within an object and only allows the object to manipulate it, hiding details from outside users. The examples demonstrate these concepts from student, teacher, and engineer perspectives.

Uploaded by

syed02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/30/2018

Lecture 05

•Abstraction
•Encapsulation

Abstraction

• Abstraction is a way to cope with complexity.

• Principle of abstraction:

“Capture only those details about an object that


are relevant to current perspective”

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Example – Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS students

• Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age

Example – Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS students

• behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk

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Example – Abstraction
Student’s Perspective

• Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age

Example – Abstraction
Student’s Perspective

• behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk

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Example – Abstraction
Teacher’s Perspective

• Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age

Example – Abstraction
Teacher’s Perspective

• behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk

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Example – Abstraction

Engineer’s View

Driver’s View

Abstraction – Advantages

• Simplifies the model by hiding irrelevant


details

• Abstraction provides the freedom to defer


implementation decisions by avoiding
commitment to details

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Information Hiding

• Information is stored within the object

• It is hidden from the outside world

• It can only be manipulated by the object


itself

Example – Information Hiding

• Ali’s name is stored within his brain

• We can’t access his name directly

• Rather we can ask him to tell his name

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Example – Information Hiding


• A phone stores several phone numbers in
SIM card

• We can’t read the numbers directly from


the SIM card

• Rather phone-set reads this information


for us

Information Hiding
Advantages
• Simplifies the model by hiding
implementation details

• It is a barrier against change propagation


• Accidental Access or manipulation
• Illegal access or manipulation

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Encapsulation

• First principle of Object Oriented Paradigm.

• Data and behavior are tightly coupled inside


an object

• Both the information structure and


implementation details of its operations are
hidden from the outer world

Example – Encapsulation

• Ali stores his personal information and


knows how to translate it to the desired
language

• We don’t know
– How the data is stored
– How Ali translates this information

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Example – Encapsulation
• A Phone stores phone numbers in digital
format and knows how to convert it into
human-readable characters

• We don’t know
– How the data is stored
– How it is converted to human-readable
characters

Encapsulation – Advantages

• Simplicity and clarity

• Low complexity

• Better understanding

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Review

Quiz coming next week

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