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Torque & Power Measurement

Torque and power can be measured using dynamometers. There are three main types of dynamometers: transmission, driving, and absorption. Transmission dynamometers include torsion dynamometers and belt/gear dynamometers. Torsion dynamometers directly measure torque using strain gauges or measure the angle of twist in the shaft. Torque meters use four strain gauges arranged to measure principal tensile and compressive strains at 45 degrees to the axis from torque. Torsion meters measure the angular twist between two discs on the shaft.

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33 views

Torque & Power Measurement

Torque and power can be measured using dynamometers. There are three main types of dynamometers: transmission, driving, and absorption. Transmission dynamometers include torsion dynamometers and belt/gear dynamometers. Torsion dynamometers directly measure torque using strain gauges or measure the angle of twist in the shaft. Torque meters use four strain gauges arranged to measure principal tensile and compressive strains at 45 degrees to the axis from torque. Torsion meters measure the angular twist between two discs on the shaft.

Uploaded by

muru0105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TORQUE & POWER

MEASUREMENT
P=ωT
P= Power transmitted
(W) T= Torque (N-m)
ω= angular speed (rad/s)

Devices used for power measurement are also known


as dynamometers which are classified as
1. Transmission type – device is used on the shaft
transmitting power.
2. Driving type – in this drive is obtained from
the dynamometer itself.
3. Absorption type – in this mechanical energy is absorbed
after it is measured.
Transmission Dynamometers - Types
1. Torsion dynamometer:
a. Torque meter – torque is directly measured using resistance
strain gauges.
b. Torsion meter – angle of twist in the shaft due to torque is
measured.
2. Belt dynamometer
3. Gear dynamometer
Torsion dynamometer
In a solid shaft of diameter d, subjected to torque T,
following relations exist:
fs – shear stress in shaft
G – shear modulus
ϒ– shear strain
0
ε 450 – longitudinal strain in shaft at 45 to axis
Θ – twist in the shaft over a shaft length L

For hollow shaft of outer radius ro and inner radius ri


Torque Meter
• During torsion of cylinder, principal strains (tensile
0
or compressive) exists at 45 to the axis.
• Output of strain gauges is increased by using four gauges
so that adjacent arms have strains of opposite nature.
• For taking signals in & out of the rotating shaft, slip rings
& brushes are used.
• Useful for both static & dynamic torque measurement.
• Used for 100 to 100000 N-cm torque
• To measure torque easily bending strains
in beam can be used.
• A slip-ring arrangement, results in noise due to changes
in contact resistance.
• The bridge supply and output signals are transmitted between
rotating and stationary members through transformers.
• AC bridge arrangement
is employed, which
gets modulated due to
torque.
• A demodulator is
employed to eliminate
the carrier frequency
of the oscillator.
Torsion Meter
• Measures angular twist θ either an optical or
electrical arrangement.
• In optical arrangement, due to transmission of torque,
the two discs A & B mounted at distance L on the shaft
move relative to each other through an angle θ.
• This is recorded by the observer.
• Disc C is only to help in
viewing the relative angular
displacement of A & B.
• For measurement of θ toothed wheels & proximity sensors
of electro-mechanical types also can be used.
• two identical toothed wheels are fixed on the shaft at a certain
distance.
• The two proximity sensors produce output voltages with
phase difference proportional to torque.
• Also an arrangement
using photocells & light
source can be used.

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