International Journal of Electrical Systems (IJES)

ISSN: 2230-9784
Copyright  Mind Reader Publications
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Current Source Inverter fed Induction Motor

Drives: A Survey
A. K. Srivastava*, S. M. Tripathi**
*M.Tech. Student
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kamla ehru Institute of Technology Sultanpur-228118(U.P.), India
e-mail: [email protected]
**Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Kamla ehru Institute of Technology Sultanpur-228118(U.P.), India
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current source

inverter (CSI)-fed induction motor (IM) drives. It also reviews various
control methodologies, selective harmonic elimination techniques and
methods for reduction in switching losses in CSI fed IM drives. Authors
strongly believe that this survey article shall be very much helpful to the
researchers working in the field of CSI fed IM drives for finding out the
relevant references.

Keywords: Current source inverter, Direct torque control, Field-oriented control

Selective harmonics elimination, Switching losses.

1. Introduction where fast dynamic response is not needed

because of the following advantages [2-4]:
Power electronics has changed rapidly
• Simple converter topology,
during the last thirty years and the number
• Inherent four quadrant operation,
of applications has been increasing, mainly
due to the developments of the • Reliability,
semiconductor devices and the • Motor friendly waveforms with
microprocessor technology. An overview low dv/dt.
of different power devices and the areas
where the development is still going on is
presented in Fig. 1 [1].
The voltage source inverter (VSI) fed
drives are most widely used in low and
medium power applications, but not used
widely in high power applications. Now a
days, current source inverter (CSI) fed
motor drives are increasingly used for Fig. 1 Development of power semiconductor
medium-voltage high-power applications devices since 1950 [1]

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15 Current Source Inverter fed Induction ….
Fig. 2 shows the functional block injecting suitable compensating
diagram of the conventional CSI drive. component from the excitation inverter, so
The present day CSI drives employ self that the electromagnetic torque of the
commutating devices such as gate turn-off machine is smooth. Filsecker et al. [27]
thyristors (GTOs) instead of SCRs as in presented a complete design procedure for
the past. Pulse width modulation (PWM) a current source converter (CSC) that
techniques [5-25] can be used to get consists of a PWM current source rectifier
improved output currents and voltages. (CSR) and inverter (CSI) feeding an
Even though a relatively high switching induction motor. The converter design is
frequency PWM will result in near made so that the switches in the inverter
sinusoidal output voltages and currents, at operate at their maximum specified
higher power levels the CSI is switched at junction temperature. Raj et al. [28]
low frequency (200 Hz), to reduce proposed a new control strategy for
switching losses. induction motor drives fed by current
source inverter in which a multivariable
state feedback as well as feed forward
control is applied for fast regulation and
stability of the drive system. The design of
the state feedback controller was based on
the application of the pole assignment
technique of industrial regulation theory to
a d-q axes state space linearised model of
the drive and includes a reduced order
Fig. 2 Functional block diagram of the
observer to obtain faster dynamic response.
conventional CSI drive Basu et al. [29] proposed hybrid PWM
technique to reduce the torque ripple
2. An Outline to Current considerably over conventional space
Source Inverter fed Induction vector PWM (CSVPWM) along with a
marginal reduction in current ripple.
Motor Drives Shahalami et al. [30] presented, a novel
control approach of a CSI drive system
Literatures on CSI-fed induction motor
using an induction motor in which a
drives employing different control
variant of hysteresis-band current control
methodologies, selective harmonic
adapted to the current source inverter
elimination techniques and methods to
circuit topology is proposed. The current
reduce switching losses are outlined in this
control strategy is based on the correction
section.
of the two out of three larger errors of the
Hatua et al. [26] presented a new
instantaneous real currents of motor with
configuration for high power induction
respect to their references. In order to
motor drive in which induction machine is
suppress the inherent instability of current
provided with two three-phase stator
fed induction motor, a coefficient of
windings, one is excitation winding
derivative of real motor’s currents is added
powered by an IGBT based voltage source
to the reference ones. Morawiec et al. [31]
inverter (VSI) with an output filter and
presented a control system for the
second is power winding fed by a load
induction motor fed by current source
commutated current source inverter (LCI).
converter based on a multiscalar model, a
The commutation of the thyristors in the
new approach to the control of induction
LCI is achieved by injecting the required
motor based on DC-link current and rotor
leading reactive power from the excitation
flux vector in which speed observer system
inverter. The m.m.f. harmonics due to the
is applied to receive sensorless drive. Li
LCI current are also cancelled out by

Copyright © Mind Reader Publications Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 14~27, June 2011
A. K. Srivastava and S. M. Tripathi 16

et al. [32] proposed a loss reduction and modulation can be implemented on both
DC-link current minimization strategy for the rectifier and the inverter to minimize
a high-power current-source inverter (CSI) the line-side and motor side waveform
fed drive. The proposed strategy consists distortions. The proposed PF regulation
of an inverter maximum modulation index method, together with a properly designed
control scheme and a flux optimization input line capacitor, can ensure a unity PF
algorithm. With the proposed DC current throughout the whole speed range
minimization strategy, the losses in the (including flux-weakening range). Beig
semiconductor devices and the DC-link et al. [36] presented a novel CSI drive in
can be reduced, and the drive current which two identical multilevel inverters
rating could be lowered. Bierk et al. [33] are used as active filters, one at the input
showed that in high power applications the end and another at the motor terminals
inverter of a motor drive should have a with common DC bus. The active filter at
switching frequency as low as possible in input end provides necessary active current
order to reduce the switching and snubber to maintain DC bus. Such an arrangement
losses. An effective pulse width will ensure sinusoidal input currents,
modulation (PWM) approach that can be sinusoidal motor currents and motor
utilized successfully with high control voltages. The proposed configuration
accuracy is combination of selective promises a better alternative compared to
harmonic elimination and pulse width other conventional methods like use of
modulation (SHEPWM). SHEPWM can passive filters or multi pulse rectifiers at
optimize PWM output waveforms for the input stages in terms of cost and
selected harmonic elimination or to performance. Payam et al. [37] designed a
minimize total harmonic distortion (THD). nonlinear controller for doubly-fed
This technique is used with voltage source induction machine (DFIM) drives based on
inverters (VSI) and current source adaptive input-output feedback
inverters (CSI) as well. Banerjee et al. [34] linearization control technique using the
proposed a CSI-fed induction motor drive fifth order model of induction machine in
scheme where GTOs are replaced by fixed stator d-q axes reference frames with
thyristors in the CSI without any external stator currents and rotor flux components
circuit to assist the turning off of the as state variables. The nonlinear controller
thyristors. The current-controlled VSI, can perfectly track the torque and flux
connected in shunt, is designed to supply reference signals in spite of stator and
the volt ampere reactive requirement of the rotor resistance variations. Two level
induction motor and the CSI is made to SVM-PWM back-to-back voltage source
operate in leading power factor mode such inverters are employed in the rotor circuit
that the thyristors in the CSI are auto in order to make the drive system capable
sequentially turned off. The resulting drive of operating in the motoring and
will be able to feed medium-voltage, high- generating modes below and above
power induction motors directly. Li et al. synchronous speed. Mukherjee et al. [38]
[35] presented a novel flux adjustment presented feed-forward control strategy for
power-factor (PF) control strategy for a the LC filter to have a good bandwidth for
high-power pulse width-modulated the filter output voltage. This filter control
current-source inverter-fed motor drive strategy is introduced along with a
system. Unlike all the other PF sensorless vector control strategy for the
compensation techniques, the proposed SQIM drive. This complete strategy retains
flux adjustment approach does not require the high dynamic performance of the drive
online modulation index control of the even with the LC filter. Qiu et al. [39]
rectifier and the inverter, and therefore, described the minimization of the line and
offline selective harmonic elimination motor-side harmonics in a high power

International Journal of Electrical Systems (IJES) ISSN: 2230-9784

17 Current Source Inverter fed Induction ….
current source drive system. The proposed cell and battery). The FC power and the
control achieves speed regulation over the battery power are directly added at the
entire speed range with enhanced transient machine level, without any additional DC-
performance and minimal harmonic DC converters. The proposed drive
distortion of the line and motor currents topology uses two three-phase inverters
while limiting the switching frequency of having different DC link voltages provided
current source converters to a maximum of by the FC and the battery, respectively. In
540 Hz. To minimize the motor current this drive topology, the machine can
harmonic distortion, space vector operate asymmetrically and the control
modulation (SVM) and selective harmonic system must be able to cope with different
elimination (SHE) schemes are optimally power levels in the two sections of the
implemented according to different drive drive. A rotor field oriented control
operating conditions. Beig et al. [40] strategy has been implemented using a
proposed a novel CSI drive which stationary frame current control scheme.
overcomes the drawbacks of conventional Nikolic et al. [45] presented a speed
CSI drives such as harmonic resonance, sensorless direct torque control (DTC)
unstable operation at low speed ranges, implementation in a current source inverter
and torque pulsation and results in (CSI) fed induction motor drive. DTC of a
sinusoidal motor voltage and current even CSI fed induction motor drive involves the
with CSI switching at fundamental direct control of the rotor flux linkage and
frequency. A sensorless vector controlled the electromagnetic torque by applying the
CSI drive based on proposed configuration optimum current switching vectors. For
is developed. Rees et al. [41] presented a sensorless control of the drive, an
new DC-link current set value assignment improved estimator is applied using stator
and a method to improve the models for voltages and currents. The stator current,
magnetizing current and field angle by voltage and resistance are not measured,
using steady-state stator voltages. Imecs but determined by a reconstruction from
et al. [42] presented a tandem converter DC link measurements and the inverter
arrangement of two inverters connected in switches states. Mohapatra et al. [46]
parallel: a high-power pulse-amplitude presented a harmonic elimination and
modulated current-source inverter and a suppression scheme for a dual-inverter-fed
low-power pulse-width modulated voltage- open-end winding induction motor drive.
source inverter. Kwak et al. [43] presented Two isolated DC-link sources with voltage
a hybrid converter system employing a ratio of approximately 1:0.366 are required
combination of a load-commutated for the presented drive. These two isolated
inverter (LCI), a DC-DC buck converter, DC-links feeding two inverters to drive the
and a voltage-source inverter (VSI) for the open end winding induction motor
large induction motor drives. The buck eliminate the triplen harmonic currents
converter enables both the VSI and the from the motor phase. Kwak et al. [47]
LCI to be fed from the single-diode presented a novel, hybrid solution
rectifier. As a result, the DC-link inductor employing a combination of a load-
size can be reduced and the LCI is commutated inverter and a voltage-source
operated without the controlled rectifier. In inverter for the induction motor drives. By
addition, faster dynamic response can be avoiding the use of output capacitors and a
obtained through the VSI and the buck forced DC-commutation circuit, this
converter operation. Bojoi et al. [44] solution can eliminate all disadvantages
introduced a new multi-source fed drive related with these circuits in the
topology based on a multi-phase induction conventional load commutated inverter
machine. The reference application is the based induction motor drives. In addition,
hybrid fuel cell (FC) traction system (fuel improved quality of output current

Copyright © Mind Reader Publications Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 14~27, June 2011
A. K. Srivastava and S. M. Tripathi 18

waveforms and faster dynamic response capacitive currents of the motor filter and
can be achieved. Kwak et al. [48] damping the motor current oscillations in
presented a current-source based rectifier / the transient conditions are presented.
inverter topologies used in medium and Espinoza et al. [52] analyzes the existing
high power AC drive applications. motor drives based on current-source
Reference [48] also presents the theoretical topologies and proposes a control strategy
analysis and mathematical derivations for that addresses some of the drawbacks of
the two topologies - one with a PWM this approach compared to the voltage-
current source rectifier (PWM-CSR) and source approach. The proposed strategy
the other using a thyristor rectifier in features the following: (a) an on-line
parallel with an active filter in order to operated PWM inverter using
achieve unity power factor in the utility instantaneous output capacitor voltage
lines. The two drive systems are control based on space-vector modulation
systematically compared. Bojoi et al. [49] and (b) an additional inverter modulation
presented a direct rotor-field-oriented index control loop ensuring constant
control of a dual-three phase induction inverter modulation index and minimum
motor drive. The stator windings are fed DC-link current operation. The resulting
by a current-controlled pulse width- additional advantages include the
modulation (PWM) six-phase voltage- following: (i) fixed and reduced motor
source inverter. Three key issues are voltage distortion; (ii) minimized DC-bus
discussed: (a) the machine dynamic model inductor losses; (iii) minimized switch
is based on the vector space decomposition conduction losses; and (iv) elimination of
theory; (b) the PWM strategy uses the motor circuit resonances. Mohamed et al.
double zero-sequence injection modulation [53] utilized the H∞ loop shaping design
technique which gives good results with procedure (LSDP) with µ-analysis (µ
low computational and hardware LSDP) to design a controller for a CSI-fed
requirements; and (c) to eliminate the induction motor drive system in order to
inherent asymmetries of the drive power achieve robust stability and robust
section, a new current control scheme is performance against various model
proposed. Salo et al. [50] presented vector uncertainties. Lee et al. [54] presented a
controlled current-source PWM inverter novel control strategy for induction motor
fed induction motor drive. The vector drives fed by PWM current source
control system of the induction motor is converter and inverter system. A
realized in a rotor flux oriented reference multivariable state feedback control with
frame, where only the measured angular feed-forward control is applied for the
rotor speed and the DC-link current are improved control of both the converter
needed for motor control. Methods to input and inverter output currents, which
damp the stator current oscillations and to gives fast transient responses. Dakir et al.
compensate the capacitive currents drawn [55] presented a control system for PWM
by the load filter are presented. The current source inverter (CSI) fed induction
proposed methods operate in an open-loop motor which has an estimator whose
manner and can be realized without principal function is to perform
measurement of any electrical variable. contemporary calculations of rotor flux
Salo et al. [51] presented a high magnitude and induction machine load
performance vector controlled PWM angle. Machine rotor flux observation-
current source inverter (PWM-CSI) fed error was checked at static and dynamic
induction motor drive where only the states of the entire drive system, taking
measured rotor angular speed and the DC- into consideration: the changes in stator
link current are needed for motor control. and rotor resistances the stator current
Novel methods for compensating the frequency and various estimator sampling

International Journal of Electrical Systems (IJES) ISSN: 2230-9784

19 Current Source Inverter fed Induction ….
periods. Jamshidi et al. [56] suggested a current source inverter (CSI)-fed induction
simpler speed controller to eliminate the motor drive using a new variable speed
steady state error due to load changes in drive simulation package CASED. This
speed response of closed-loop control of model includes rectifier, inverter and
currents source inverter fed induction induction motor dynamics. The drive
motor drive. This simple controller makes speed control is based upon indirect field
use of normal PI controller with the oriented control (FOC).
concept of reduction of disturbance by
prediction. The change of load torque of 3. Control Methodologies used
the motor itself is considered as in CSI fed IM Drives
disturbance and the linear relation between
slip and torque has been utilized in the DTC is the latest AC motor control
design of the controller to improve the method [61] developed with the goal of
performance. Jamshidi et al. [57] combining the implementation of the V/f
presented a self organizing fuzzy based induction motor drives with the
controller applied in closed loop speed performance of those based on vector
control system of an induction motor fed control. The literature related to AC drives
from auto sequential current source covering scalar control, field-oriented
inverter. The induction motor is controlled control, and direct-torque control (DTC)
to operate in constant flux mode. Ide et al. has been well documented in [62]. So far,
[58] presented a simple adaptive control the vector control (VC) and direct torque
(SAC) with exact linearization for the control (DTC) methods have been applied
current source inverter (CSI) fed induction to the squirrel cage induction machine
motor drive. SAC has the robust drives [63].
characteristics concerning disturbance and Field oriented control is one of the most
the effects of un-modeled dynamics. The used control methods of modern AC drives
proposed system can improve the fast systems. The basic idea behind this control
tracking of set command change without method is to transform the three phase
overshoot and the recovering time of speed quantities in the AC machine in an
at the sudden-load variations. Mok et al. orthogonal d-q system aligned to one of
[59] presented a load-commutated current the fluxes in the machine. Thus, a
source inverter (LCCSI) induction motor decoupling in controlling the flux and
drive system employing a novel DC-side electromagnetic torque of the machine is
forced commutation circuit for machine achieved. Two methods of field oriented
start-up. To avoid the adverse effects of control for induction machines are used
harmonic resonance between the output namely: indirect and direct vector control.
capacitor and the inductance of the Each of these methods has advantages and
induction motor, a solution is proposed drawbacks. The indirect vector control can
using a special type of one-notch current operate in four-quadrants and it is widely
PWM, fully utilizing the proposed used in both motor drives and generator
commutation circuit. A direct vector applications. Typically the orthogonal
controller, which refers to the fixed synchronous reference frame is aligned on
reference frame of the rotor flux without the rotor flux. However, this control is
using a speed sensor, is applied. In highly dependent on machine parameters.
addition to compensating for the capacitive The direct vector control oriented along
current, this controller is applied to the stator flux does not need information
decouple the torque and flux generating about the rotor speed and is less sensitive
currents and to overcome the instability to the machine parameters. However, it
caused by the output capacitor. Kleinhans presents low performances for low speeds
et al. [60] developed a model of the near to standstill. A general control

Copyright © Mind Reader Publications Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 14~27, June 2011
A. K. Srivastava and S. M. Tripathi 20

structure for field oriented control in satisfactory performance and stability [64].
synchronous reference frame for induction Field-oriented control (FOC) schemes are
machines is shown in Figure 3. widely employed to achieve improved
system dynamics and reliability by
controlling the flux and torque
independently. To further improve the
system performance and / or reduce the
costs, research efforts have been recently
put on new current source drive topologies
[2-4], [67]; advanced modulation scheme
development [68-73]; control performance
improvement [74-77], etc.
Direct torque control of induction motor
was proposed around two decades ago.
The direct torque control (DTC) is one of
the actively researched control schemes of
Fig. 3 General structure of a field oriented control induction machines that provide a very
in synchronous reference frame for an induction quick and precise torque response without
machine.
the complex field-orientation block and the
The electromagnetic torque is controlled inner current regulation loop [78-79]. The
in q-axis while the d-axis controls the flux scheme presented in [78] was implemented
of the machine. The actual flux and torque for high power applications using an
as well as the flux angle are determined induction motor having open-end winding
based on the machine equations using the configuration [80].
currents. In rotor field-oriented control of However, the DTC technique presented
CSI fed induction machines, the current in [80] results in:
control is the inner loop of the system. It • Torque and speed fluctuations
receives the flux-producing and the torque- which lead to acoustic noise and
producing reference values from the outer vibrations.
loops (flux loop and torque / speed loop) • Higher ripple in the stator current
in (d, q) rotor flux synchronous reference that can cause power loss and
frame. The current control can be hence heating of the machine.
implemented either in synchronous (d, q) • Use of a three-phase reactor to
[64-65] or in (α, β) stationary reference reduce the zero sequence current,
frame. The synchronous (d, q) current make the system bulky.
control scheme developed in [64-66] relies
on the DTP modeling approach and
employs a set of four PI (d, q) current
controllers (two for d and two for q axes
current components). Each of the two
(d, q) current controller pairs produces
stator voltage references for one of the two
three-phase windings. This solution has
the advantage of zero-steady state error
obtained with PI regulators, but there are
multiple speed dependent (d, q) coupling
terms; at high speed these coupling terms
must be compensated with quite
complicated decoupling networks to obtain Fig. 4 General structure of the direct torque control
for AC machines.

International Journal of Electrical Systems (IJES) ISSN: 2230-9784

21 Current Source Inverter fed Induction ….
The direct torque control proposed by [91]. A powerful vector space
Depenbrock eliminates the inner current decomposition approach has been
loops and the needs of transformations introduced in [92] to obtain the machine
between different references frames. It model and to obtain a PWM technique
controls directly the magnitude of the which considerably reduces the current
stator flux and the electromagnetic torque harmonics with some implementation
of the machine by using hysteresis problems caused by the required
comparators as shown in Figure 4. The computational time. To reduce the
outputs of the hysteresis comparators as computational requirements, other PWM
well as the flux angle are used directly to techniques have been presented in [93-94].
determine the switching states of the The non sinusoidal motor current drawn
converter. The control strategies of from the LCI can produce considerable
conventional DTC scheme are given in losses and harmonics, holding the LCI
[78-79], [89]. There are also another DTC- drives back from high performance
based strategies, presented in [79], [81-82]. [95-96]. Moreover, the square wave motor
High performance induction motor drives current waveforms in low speed region,
employing DTC strategies with various rich in low order harmonics, can produce
variables have been reported [78-79], [83]. voltage spikes in stator leakage inductance
of the motor, potentially hazardous for the
4. Selective Harmonics winding insulation [95].
Elimination Techniques used Selective harmonic elimination PWM
in CSI fed IM Drives is an optimizing algorithm that gives a
superior harmonic performance in high
An interesting and suitable topology power applications with the minimum
called the open-end winding induction switching frequency [97-98].
motor drive is presently being studied for The conventional PWM-CSI
high-power applications [84-87]. The applications are reported in many
inverters are fed from DC-link sources of literatures [99-101]. So far, almost all
half the magnitude, when compared to the progress in the performance of CSI-AC
same in conventional two-level inverters machine drives are limited to the new
[84]. In order to avoid the flow of triplen PWM techniques such as trapezoidal
harmonic currents in the motor phase, PWM, selected harmonic elimination
isolated DC-link power sources or PWM and so on [101]. Due to the advent
harmonic filters are required for these of a self-commutated device GTO, a PWM
drives [84-86]. These fundamental and CSI was developed by Hombu [101].
harmonics resonance problems have PWM switching strategy itself and control
seriously restricted the system techniques for PWM CSI fed induction
performance. Inherent instability in the motor drives have been proposed to
high-frequency region can be caused by improve the output current harmonics
the output capacitor [88]. Active filters are [102-103]. Since then, a few methods to
successfully used in utility applications to apply the instantaneous PWM have been
filter out the harmonics from the supply issued [104-105]. This has resulted in the
currents. Active filters result in better widespread use of selective harmonic
performance compared to passive filters elimination (SHE) stored patterns [102-
[89-90]. An LC filter is normally required 103], [106] usually with a fixed
at the input of a PWM CSR to mitigate the modulation index.
converter switching harmonics. To avoid On-line control of the CSI requires
the steady state LC resonance during the complex control [102] and / or power
drive operation, the input LC filter for a circuitry [107] which has led to two main
PWM CSR need to be designed carefully control approaches:

Copyright © Mind Reader Publications Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 14~27, June 2011
A. K. Srivastava and S. M. Tripathi 22

• Control schemes that use stored switching frequency. Harmonic distortion

patterns (such as SHE) and variable improvement of a current source drive
DC-link current to control the system is either focused on the motor side
output current [110] or on the line side [112]. In
• Control schemes that use fixed DC- Reference [110] a combination of off-line
link current and a variable selective harmonic elimination (SHE)
modulation index of the PWM technique and the trapezoidal pulse width
generator at the CSI stage to modulation (TPWM) was proposed for the
control the output current. CSI, where the TPWM was applied for
stator frequency lower than 20 Hz while
the SHE was used when the stator
frequency is higher than 20 Hz. However,
at very low stator frequencies, low order
harmonics produced by the TPWM
scheme may have a high magnitude. For
the line-side harmonic performance
improvement, an active damping method
Fig. 5 Typical waveform for SHE-PWM technique based on virtual harmonic resistor concept
was proposed to reduce the line current
To eliminate 5th and 7th harmonics a set resonant harmonics caused by the line-side
of three nonlinear equations is required to LC filter [112]. Considering the low
be solved in order to compute the three switching frequency (normally around 500
switching angles α1, α2, and α3 as shown in Hz) for high-power converter applications,
Fig. 5 which illustrates the three levels without SHE modulation, the line current
SHEPWM that we use to eliminate 5th and distortion will be serious due to the
7th harmonics. It is well known that the significant low-order harmonics (such as
switching angles cannot be computed the 5th, 7th, and 11th), especially when the
directly. This heavy computational process input LC resonance caused by the filter is
is considered as the main drawback of not properly dampened [113-114].
SHE technique [108]. Numerical processes
may be employed to solve these equations 5. Methods to Reduce
at different modulation indexes [109]. The Switching Losses in CSI fed
presence of capacitor at motor terminals
gives rise to two modes of resonance IM Drives
namely fundamental frequency resonance
In order to reduce inverter switching
and harmonic frequency resonance
losses and limit the ripple currents in the
[110-111]. The fundamental frequency
motor phase multilevel inverters of the
resonance is avoided by selecting the
type three-level, five-level, etc., [115-117]
capacitor (C) such that fundamental
are preferred to the conventional two-level
frequency resonance lies well above the
inverter for high-power drive applications.
operating speed of the drive. Hence the
System efficiency is one of the most
value of capacitor decides upper limit on
important factors to improve energy
the motor speed. In order to avoid the
savings and reduce the costs. Many studies
harmonic frequency resonance, the
in the literature have been carried out to
selected harmonic PWM (SHPWM) is
improve the efficiency of a drive and
generally employed [110-111]. Reference
motor system [118-125]. However, most
[111] describes a conventional CSI drive,
of them focused on medium or low-power
which employs selective harmonic
applications with an emphasis on the
elimination PWM technique that results in
motor efficiency, while the drive system
acceptable waveform quality at low
losses are either omitted [118-123] or not

International Journal of Electrical Systems (IJES) ISSN: 2230-9784

23 Current Source Inverter fed Induction ….
adequately considered [124-125]. Because gives a superior harmonic performance in
of hard-switching in conventional PWM high power applications. To overcome the
inverters, the switching losses in the problems of hard-switching in
devices are high and the windings of conventional PWM inverters, soft-
induction motor are subjected to high switching strategies have been actively
switching stresses. To overcome these considered for the inverter-fed induction
problems, soft-switching strategies [126] motor drives. Much research has been
have been actively considered for the conducted in the last two decades to
inverter-fed induction motor drives.The control and improve the performance of
LCI-based drive employs converter grade the LCI-based induction motor drives that
thyristors and utilizes soft switching by employ converter grade thyristors and
natural commutation of the thyristors. utilize soft switching by natural
Therefore, it provides simplicity, commutation of the thyristors and hence,
robustness, cost effectiveness, and very minimize the switching losses.
low switching losses, resulting in a Authors strongly believe that this
favorable topology in high-power areas survey article will be handy to the
[127]. Moreover, because it has the researchers in searching out the relevant
current-source inverter (CSI) topology, it references as well as the previous work
has inherent advantages of CSI, such as done in the field of CSI drives,
embedded short-circuit protection, encouraging them for their future works.
improved converter reliability, and
instantaneous regeneration ability [128]. References
Due to all of these features, much research
[1] B.J. Baliga, “Power IC’s in the saddle”, IEEE Spectrum,
has been conducted in the last two decades July 1995, pp. 34-49.
to control the LCI-based induction motor [2] A. R. Beig and V. T. Ranganathan, “A Novel CSI fed
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