Chapter 7

Drawing layouts and simplified

methods

Single-part drawing for a rivet. The drawing covers 20 rivets similar in

every respect except length; in the example given, the
part number for a 30 mm rivet is S123/13. This type of
A single-part drawing should supply the complete drawing can also be used where, for example, one or
detailed information to enable a component to be two dimensions on a component (which are referred
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manufactured without reference to other sources. It to on the drawing as A and B) are variable, all others
should completely define shape or form and size, and being standard. For a particular application, the
should contain a specification. The number of views draughtsman would insert the appropriate value of
required depends on the degree of complexity of the dimensions A and B in a table, then add a new suffix
component. The drawing must be fully dimensioned, to the part number. This type of drawing can generally
including tolerances where necessary, to show all sizes be used for basically similar parts.
and locations of the various features. The specification
for the part includes information relating to the material
used and possible heat-treatment required, and notes
regarding finish. The finish may apply to particular
surfaces only, and may be obtained by using special
machining operations or, for example, by plating, Assembly drawings
painting, or enamelling. Figure 7.1 shows typical single-
part drawings. Machines and mechanisms consist of numerous parts,
An alternative to a single-part drawing is to collect and a drawing which shows the complete product with
several small details relating to the same assembly all its components in their correct physical relationship
and group them together on the same drawing sheet. is known as an assembly drawing. A drawing which
In practice, grouping in this manner may be satisfactory gives a small part of the whole assembly is known as
provided all the parts are made in the same department, a sub-assembly drawing. A sub-assembly may in fact
but it can be inconvenient where, for example, pressed be a complete unit in itself; for example, a drawing of
parts are drawn with turned components or sheet-metal a clutch could be considered as a sub-assembly of a
fabrications. drawing showing a complete automobile engine. The
More than one drawing may also be made for the amount of information given on an assembly drawing
same component. Consider a sand-cast bracket. Before will vary considerably with the product and its size
the bracket is machined, it needs to be cast; and before and complexity.
casting, a pattern needs to be produced by a pattern- If the assembly is relatively small, information which
maker. It may therefore be desirable to produce a might be given includes a parts list. The parts list, as
drawing for the patternmaker which includes the various the name suggests, lists the components, which are
machining allowances, and then produce a separate numbered. Numbers in ‘balloons’ with leader lines
drawing for the benefit of the machinist which shows indicate the position of the component on the drawing
only dimensions relating to the surfaces to be machined (see Fig. 7.3). The parts list will also contain information
and the size of the finished part. The two drawings regarding the quantity required of each component for
would each have only parts of the specification which the assembly, its individual single-part drawing number,
suited one particular manufacturing process. (See also and possibly its material. Parts lists are not standard
Figs 14.34 and 14.35.) items, and their contents vary from one drawing office
to another.
The assembly drawing may also give other informa-
Collective single-part tion, including overall dimensions of size, details of
bolt sizes and centres where fixings are necessary,
drawings weights required for shipping purposes, operating details
and instructions, and also, perhaps, some data regarding
Figure 7.2 shows a typical collective single-part drawing the design characteristics.
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 Drawing layouts and simplified methods 55

70

φ 26 × 2 φ 25 × 2 A

φ 30,00
30,02
φ 45

φ 20

φ 26

6
2 A
1.9
45°
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A–A

80

Copyright note Original scale Copyright note Original scale

Bearing insert |:| Retaining ring |:|
Part No. Part No.
Material : BS1400 : PBIC 0001 Material CS95HT 0003

Fig. 7.1(a) Bearing insert Fig. 7.1(c) Retaining ring

Length

φ 15

No. of teeth and

gear tooth form as
part No. 0008 R15

Part No. Length Part No. Length

φ 29,99
30,00

φ 50

S123/1 6 /11 26
2 /2 8 /12 28

/3 10 /13 30
45°
/4 12 /14 32
R2
/5 14 /15 34

/6 16 /16 36
30
/7 18 /17 38

/8 20 /18 40
70
/9 22 /19 42
/10 24 /20 44

Copyright note Gear hub Original scale Rivet Standard No.

|:| Copyright note
S 123
Part No Material EIC-0
Material BS 970 : 302 S 25 0002
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this7.1(b)
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Gear hub Fig. 7.2 Collective single-part drawing of a rivet
 56 Manual of Engineering Drawing

1 2 3

M16 × 2
× 30 Full thread

Part No. X Y Part No. X Y

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S456/1 40 60 /6 90 110

/2 50 70 /7 100 120

Item No. Title No. off Part No. /3 60 80 /8 110 130

1 Bearing insert 1 0001 /4 70 90 /9 120 140
2 Gear hub 1 0002 /5 80 100 /10 130 150
3 Retaining ring 1 0003 Standard
Fastener assy.
Copyright note Assembly of gear and Original Scale Copyright note No.
bearing |:| Material: M.S. S 456
Part No.
Material ——— 0004
Fig. 7.4 Typical collective assembly drawing of a nut with bolts of
Fig. 7.3 Assembly drawing of gear and bearing various lengths

Collective assembly a planning exercise. They are useful in order to discuss

proposals with prospective customers or design teams
drawing at a time when the final product is by no means certain,
and should be regarded as part of the design process.
This type of drawing is used where a range of products Provisional layout drawings may also be prepared
which are similar in appearance but differing in size is for use with tenders for proposed work where the
manufactured and assembled. Figure 7.4 shows a nut- detailed design will be performed at a later date when
and-bolt fastening used to secure plates of different a contract has been negotiated, the company being
combined thickness; the nut is standard, but the bolts confident that it can ultimately design and manufacture
are of different lengths. The accompanying table is the end product. This confidence will be due to
used to relate the various assemblies with different experience gained in similar schemes undertaken
part numbers. previously.

Design layout drawings Combined detail and

Most original designs are planned in the drawing office assembly drawings
where existing or known information is collected and
used to prepare a provisional layout drawing before It is sometimes convenient to illustrate details with
further detailed design work can proceed. This type of their assembly drawing on the same sheet. This practice
drawing is of a preliminary nature and subject to much is particularly suited to small ‘one-off’ or limited-
modification so that the designer can collect his thoughts production-run assemblies. It not only reduces the actual
together. The drawing can be true to scale or possibly number of drawings, but also the drawing-office time
enlargements or reductions in scale depending on the spent in scheduling and printing. Figure 7.5 shows a
size of the finished product or scheme, and is essentially simple application of an assembly of this type.

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