Microsoft Company

Paul Allen and Bill Gates went to the same school and founded the
company Traf-O-Data together in 1971 for the production of small
computers with an Intel CPU for the measure of car traffic. They got a
contract at MITS (Micro Instrumentation und Telemetry Systems) to
provide BASIC for the Altair. In 1974 they designed the programming
language BASIC for the Altair 8080 as Lakeside Programmers Group.
Fortran and COBOL also were programmed for the Altair and the BASIC
interpreter was ported for the TRS 80 from Tandy. The company Micro-
Soft was founded in summer of 1975 to develop software for the IBM
PC and port the programming language BASIC. Later followed
beginning from 1977 Fortran and assembler, COBOL in 1978 and
Pascal 1980. In 1978 Microsoft licensed a development licence for
UNIX from AT&T. Because AT&T had protected the name of the
operating system UNIX, Microsoft named the UNIX variant of her own
as Xenix.

1980 the enterprise moves with now 38 employees to Seattle and

reaches 8 million U.S. dollars sales volume. IBM searched for his
microcomputers for an operating system which fits for the mass
market. At first IBM consulted Digital Research without success and
after that to Microsoft which had been strengthened by Steve Ballmer in
meanwhile in organisation and finances. But Microsoft had no own
operating system and bought therefore Q-DOS from Seattle Computer Products for 50,000 U.S. dollars. IBM licensed it under the name
MS-DOS. The IBM PC became an overwhelming success. The sales volume and profit of Microsoft increased further in consequence this
one. Bill Gates got a contract with SCO to bring out a UNIX variant for the IBM PCs. First with publication of 80286 processor this turned
out well and Xenix was possible. Microsoft cared primarily about the OEM business and SCO was responsible for the customization and
improvement of the UNIX derivative. In July 1987 Microsoft bought the company Forethought and integrated the software under the
name Powerpoint into the own office applications. Since 1994 the slogan "Where Do You Want to Go Today?" was spread by advertizing.

Originally Windows used a monolithic kernel but was later changed to the micro kernel. Comparable under the different Windows
versions is the uniform program interface in Visual C with largely uniform usability. Windows profits from an enormously high number of
free and shareware of other developers. The Windows and general software development is controlled by Microsoft and follows one
defined roadmap, the product life cycle is limited and updates as well as support for one fix time period availably. The support is
realized directly by Microsoft or certified partner companies. The successful enterprise has the primary objective to offer operating
systems in the form of Windows for customers(end-user), professional and server area (enterprise). The business model of Microsoft
offers the same platform for end-users and enterprises with standard implementations for software developer.

At the final release the Windows .NET servers (Windows Server 2003) shall be available as a Web server version, standard server,
enterprise as well as data center version. The enterprise and data center version being also designed for 64 bit on the Intel Itanium. For
the information exchange the open standards XML (Extensible Markup Language), SOAP (XML based protocol of information in the web
which is for the exchange structured and standardized) and UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and Integration) are included. In
January 2002 Bill Gates announced in an internal mail the start of the "Trustworthy Computing" initiative. The central concept of Peter
Biddle imagines a combination from hardware and software which provides a new security architecture with the project name palladium
(renamed in NGSCB later). Well known manufacturers like Intel and AMD already support this initiative and work on the realization
together. Important points are the secure communication between all hardware components, an integrated firewall, hidden memory
areas for applications, encrypted files, proved signatures as well as different authorization and authentification services and DRM
(Digital Rights Management). This concept needs a completely different computer design, the encoding and decoding shall be
guaranteed by a co-processor. Windows with the code name Longhorn shall contain this technology and approximately come on the
market in 2004. Microsoft gained about 7.8 billion dollars profit at a sales volume of 28.4 billion dollars in 2002. Microsoft has at the end
of the year 2003 more than 49 billion dollars in cash plus company shares and investments. The market success of Microsoft products is
guaranteed by long-term announcements, early available beta versions for programmers and professionals as well as marketing.
Microsoft announced the consolidation of the previous 7 lines of business areas into 3 divisions in September 2005: Business division
(formerly Information Worker, Microsoft Business Solutions), Entertainment & Devices (formerly Home and Entertainment, Embedded
Devices) and Products & Services (formerly Windows Client, Server & Tools, MSN). Microsoft cancelled the support for Windows
98/SE/ME on July 11th, 2006, now there are no new updates or security fixes more available.

Bill Gates announced at the 2006-06-15 to draw back himself of the daily work and his leading role of Microsoft as of July 2008. For a
smooth transition Ray Ozzie (Chief Software Architect) and Craig Mundie (Chief Research and Strategy Officer) already take main
responsibilities of Bill Gates. Bill Gates talked in his last official speech on the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2008 to finish his main
activity at Microsoft. Starting from July 2008 Bill Gates wants to be attended with his wife Melinda Gates to the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation and for Microsoft only in the function as a chairman and adviser in central issues.
Microsoft reached an agreement together to improve the maintenance and cooperation of the different operating systems with several
Linux distributors. The contract includes licence agreements, the work on the format exchange between OpenXML as well as Open
Document format (ODF), and partly two-way safety against patent claims. Included companies are Xandros (since June 2006), Novell
(Nov. 2006), Linspire (June 2007) and TurboLinux (Oct. 2007).

1
Microsoft works on a completely other operating system philosophy than Windows for quite a long time. The Singularity Project is build
up from scratch for reliability. For this goal the programming tools has necessarily to be made adapted for the new system architecture.
Under the development name Singularity all programmes shall run in isolated processes.

Software titles

- Visual BASIC, programming language

- Visual-C++, programming language
- Visual-J ++, programming language
- Visual FoxPro, programming language
- Office 2000 with the individual applications Word, Excel, Access, Powerpoint
- Project 2000, planning of projects
- Exchange server, e-mail service
- SQL server, database service
- Front page, HTML program
- Publisher, Website manager
- PhotoDraw, pixel based image processing
- Encarta 2000, knowledge dictionary
- Internet Explorer, Internet browser
- DirectX, software interface for 3D games
- Host integration server 2000
- Site server 3.0
- BackOffice server 4.5
- ODBC 3.0
- Proxy server 2.0
- Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) server
- Systems Management server
- SNA server
- Internet Information server (IIS)
- Microsoft Bob (1992)
- Services for UNIX (SFU)
- Windows operating systems
- Microsoft Works (1986)
- Singularity operating system (in Research)
This list does not lay any claim to completeness

History of Microsoft
April 4th, 1975 -foundation of Micro-Soft Corporation by William H. Gates III and Paul G. Allen in New Mexico.
Novembers 26th, 1976- the term Microsoft is registered as a brand name.
Novembers 29th, 1979- in Belgium the first branch office in Europe is founded, the main business place was
transferred to Washington.
June 25th, 1981- foundation of Microsoft Inc. with Bill Gates as presidents and Paul Allen as an Executive vice-
president. Microsoft employs 128 employees and reached a sales volume of 16 million dollars in the year.
August 12th, 1981- IBM released the first PC and delivers it with Microsoft's 16 bit operating system MS-DOS 1.0.
September 29th 1983- subscribers of the professional journal "PCWorld" get a free disk with the demo version of
Microsoft Word.
November 10th, 1983- announcement of Microsoft Windows, the extension of MS DOS with a graphical user
interface.
January 24th, 1984 market introduction of the Macintosh by Apple. Microsoft becomes one of the leading providers
of software for the Macintosh.
Novembers 20th, 1985 -Microsoft Windows is released to the market . By the few available software, the market
acceptance remains little at first.
February 26th, 1986- moving of the main business place to Redmond in Washington.
March 13th, 1986 stock exchange start of Microsoft. The first quotation amounts to 21 dollars and reaches 28
dollars at the end of the first trading day.
May 22nd, 1990- Windows 3.0 is published.
July 25th, 1990- Microsoft celebrates the 15-year existence and the reaching of the first sales billion.
August 30th, 1990 -the Microsoft Consulting Services is founded to support important global customers at the use
of Microsoft software.
May 24th, 1993 -introduction of Windows NT.
Novembers 14th, 1994 -start of an international advertising campaign with this slogan: "Where do you want to go
today?".
August 24th, 1995- worldwide introduction of Windows 95. Within the first 4 days Windows 95 is sold to about one
million times.
November 27th, 1995- publication of the Internet Explorer 2.0 for Windows 95.
Decembers 7th, 1995- Bill Gates commits Microsoft to strengthened engagement in the Internet area.
June 25th, 1998 -worldwide introduction of Windows 98.
13.01.2000 -in the evening showed Bill Gates his resignation from the executive board chairmanship of the
company Microsoft. Steve Ballmer who has a position as a president since 1998 takes his job as a Chief Executive
Officer (CEO). Gates remains active and is working as Chief Software Architect further in the chairmanship of the
supervisory board.
February 17th, 2000- worldwide introduction of Windows 2000.
June 22nd, 2000- Microsoft introduces the concept of the Microsoft .NET platform, a new generation of

2
 Internet software and services. With the support of XML new and dynamic networking possibilities
are created and data can be converted arbitrarily into other formats and layout's.
25-10-2001- publication of Windows XP operating system.

7-11-2002- publication of the Tablet PC.

June 24th, 2002 -"Trustworthy Computing" initiative is started , security concept palladium (later
NGSCB) is introduced
April 2003 -Windows .NET servers are ready.
December 2003 -Other companys can license the FAT file system

DOS (Disk Operating System)

July 1980 IBM assigned Microsoft to develop a 16-bit operating system for the
personal computer for the fee of 186,000 dollars. Although the company
Digital Research of Gary Kildall allready had with CP/M 86 such a 16-bit
version,but by circumstances no contract has been established with IBM.
Microsoft did not have yet any operating system, Microsoft licensed CP/M from
Digital Research in November 1977 for 50,000 dollars. Since Microsoft could
not sell licenses, a corresponding agreement with the company Seattle
Computer Products was reached for QDOS. QDOS is a 16-bit clone of CP/M
and was finished by Tim Paterson in April 1980. At first Microsoft licensed
QDOS for 25,000 dollars. After a licence agreement with IBM was signed, Bill
Gates bought QDOS for 50,000 dollars in July 1981. How proved this was a
very lucrative business. IBM delivered it on all IBM computers as PC DOS for
the first time on the IBM 5150 PC, for all other ones the name MS-DOS was for
OEM partner. MS DOS 1.0 consists of about 4,000 lines assembler code.

The command interpreter is integrated in the file command.com with the

internal commands for MS-DOS. Together with the file io.sys for simple device
routines like the access to the monitor, keyboard, fixed storage disks and
interfaces as well as the booting code these form the base operating system.
DOS works very hardware near.

MS-DOS was wide spread in 1982 when 50 companies licensed MS-DOS. Software and hardware manufacturers build on
this binary standard at this time. In 1983, the success of the PC system was clear the desire for a graphical surface was
rising. Microsoft corresponded to the trend and announced a graphical user interface named Windows in 1983. Many
other systems lost her market relevance at this time. In 1984 the number of PC and MS-DOS resellers increased to over
200. IBM published the AT computer in August, this one should refine the market for personal computer with MS-DOS
3.0/3.1. MS-DOS is already spread worldwide on Intel x86 computers in 1985. The easy extendibility of the computer by
numerous plug-in cards of third party manufacturers, relatively low acquisition costs and a strongly growing amount of
applications was a reason for it.

1988 was MS-DOS established and had reached measured on the market share a monopoly in the DOS market. The
number of the MS-DOS installations grew worldwide to about 60 million and surpassed all other systems with that
amount. Almost every software company offered standard applications like word processing, calculation or also special
solutions like measurement tools, CAD (Computer Aided Design) or image processing for MS-DOS. The PC manufacturers
designed her systems compatible to MS-DOS except for few manufacturers.

MS-DOS 5.0 allows the use of the High Memory and Upper Memory Area for DOS itself, TSR programs and drivers. The
most important new external commands in this version are DOSKEY, DOSSHELL, EDIT, EMM386 and LOADHIGH.
UNDELETE can recover deleted files, UNFORMAT can undo the format of floppy disks. 2.88 mb floppy disk drives from
IBM are now supported. The BASIC interpreter was improved in detail.

Update: With the release of Windows 95 up to Windows ME MS-DOS has only a minory roll. It is installed for
compatibility reasons for MS-DOS programs and makes Windows 95 up to ME start able. DOS programs being executed
in the DOS box or directly in MS DOS before Windows start. Today it finds application for boot disks or similar purposes.

Small reference of internal DOS commands

del, erase - delete files

rd, rmdir - delete directories
dir - show content of directories
cd, chdir - change current directory
cls - clear the screen
md, mkdir - create a directory
copy - copy of one or several files
ren, rename - rename of files or directories
type - shows the content of text files
set - shows the DOS environment variables or defines a new one

3
 ver - shows the DOS version number
vol - shows the name of the storage drive
Small reference of external DOS commands
attrib - shows the attributes of files or set one of those
fdisk - partitioning or modify of the hard disk

move - move of files

mem - shows the occupancy of working memory
tree - shows the directory structure
format - format of storage drives

Field of Application
- booting system for storage media
- File management
- For single user systems only
- Network client (NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP)
- batch processing

Structure information
- 16-bit operating system, (formerly 8-bit)
- Single tasking
- command interpreter for internal and external commands
- external driver software imbedding for periphery devices possible

System environment
- minimum: 512 kbytes RAM, 5 mbyte harddisk storage (depends on version for full installation)
- FAT file system
- executable with every x86 compatible CPU
- low RAM and fixed storage disk needs

Date Version
1981 Aug. MS-DOS 1.0, formerly QDOS/86-DOS, can use at maximum 128 kbyte RAM, FAT established
1981 Juni MS-DOS 1.10,
1982 Aug. MS-DOS 1.25, support for double-density floppy disks
MS-DOS 2.0, support for IBM 10 mbyte harddisk, directorys and DD 5.25" floppy disk drives with up
1983 March
to 360 kbyte
1983 Dec. MS-DOS 2.11, extended character sets
MS-DOS 3.0, support for high density floppy disk drives with 1.2 mbyte and harddisk devices with
1984 Aug.
32 mbyte capacity
1984 MS-DOS 3.1, first tiem with network support
1985 MS-DOS 3.2
1985 MS-DOS 3.21

MS-DOS 3.3, extended for IBM's PS/2 computer, supports now bigger 3.5" harddisk drives and
1987 April
floppy disk drives, multiple partitions, character sets for different languages

1988 Juli MS-DOS 4.0, XMS support, partitions with up to 2 gbyte, graphical shell, bug fixes
1988 Nov. MS-DOS 4.01, supports multiple partitions bigger than 32 mbyte, bug fixes
1991 June MS-DOS 5.0, Major Release
1992 MS-DOS 5.0a, bug fixes for Undelete and Chkdsk

MS-DOS 6.0, Competition to Novell's DR-DOS 6, DoubleSpace, Anti-Virus program, Defrag, Move
1993 Aug. command, improved MSBACKUP and several boot configurations, memory optimizer MEMMAKER,
DOS Shell is delivered separately on floppy disks

MS-DOS 6.2, DoubleSpace becomes incompatible to the previous version, Scandisk, improved of
1993 Nov.
DISKCOPY and SmartDrive

1994 March MS-DOS 6.21, because of law conflict with Stac Electronics DoubleSpace is removed from MS DOS

MS-DOS 6.22, Microsoft licences double disk of VertiSoft Systems and designates it in DriveSpace,
1994 May
last official standalone version

MS-DOS 7.0, MS-DOS component for Windows 95, LFS support through VFAT, more DOS programs
1995 Aug.
are delivered on the Setup CD-ROM in the "oldmsdos" directory

MS-DOS 7.10, MS-DOS component for Windows 95 B and higher, supports the first time FAT 32
1996 Aug.
harddisks

4
2000 MS-DOS 8.0, MS-DOS component for Windows ME, last MS-DOS version

Windows® Family

Microsoft has began at 1981 with MSDOS 1.0 to develop operating systems for computers. One year ahead Microsoft has worked in
cooperation on the Unix derivative operating system XENIX OS for different computer platforms, this OS field however was transferred
to SCO in 1984. With Windows 1.0 were added in 1985 beside DOS a second OS line, which was meant first for single workplaces for
Consumer (Home edition) and later with added network support.

The third product line was started with MS OS/2 1.0 in 1987. The professional edition was for server applications and network clients
designed. In February 1989 the development of Windows NT started (NT = New Technology), the first version was published with
Windows NT 3.1 in July 1993. Up to 200 developers had programmed at the same time on the approx. 6 million code lines. While MS-
DOS was programmed nearly completely in assembler, Windows NT also consists of source code of the programming language C. Up to
450 developers were involved at the operating system Windows NT 3.51 which was released in May 1995. To record times up to 800
developers worked on the successor Windows NT 4.0 for the release in July 1996. Windows 2000 was the ambitious project following on
this, up to 1.400 developer worked on the 29 million code lines. The development costs amounted to about 1 billion dollar. Altogether
5.000 developers worked on the 50 million code lines of assemblers, C and C++, for the Windows Server 2003 operating system with
release in April 2003. The development of operating system versions for the MIPS, PowerPC and alpha architecture became gradually
cancelled up to the market release of Windows 2000. This was also involved by the lacking driver and software support for these
platforms.

With Windows CE 1.0 a new product line for small devices (PDAs) was created in 1996.

The former splitting into Consumer and Business Windows Edition is to be united with Windows XP (alias Whistler) again and continued
in this product line. Thus is void for the first time the condition of MSDOS, which need even Windows 95 to ME for the system start.
Directly with all Windows versions so far the drive assembly marking with the letters [A to Z] whereby the maximally managable
number on 26 is limited, exluded mounted network directorys.

Windows 1.0
Microsoft supplied Windows 1.0 on 5 floppy disks for a comparatively cheap price a complete
software for many tasks without additional software. The MS-DOS executive makes file system
actions possible like start of applications and copying and deletion of files and folders. The input
of the parameters with the correct syntax is removed from the user and queries is easy done
over dialogues to ask about all relevant data for the desired action. The user interface can be
served with one computer mouse, alternatively are keyboard combinations useable. Over icons
and pull-down menus actions can be selected. As minimum requirement is DOS 2.0, two floppy
disk drives and 256 KByte of main memories presupposed. A fixed storage disk drive
accelerates the use of several applications.

As default applications Paint, Calc, Write, Calendar, Notepad, Cardfile and a terminal emulator
are provided. The Spooler ensures the printing of files in the background and the clipboard for
data exchange between different programs. The window size of applications is individually
resizeable and with several open windows the available place on the surface is optimally filled
out. With suitable graphic card a screen resolution of 640x350 pixels is possible with 16 colors. Cooperative multitasking run several
applications at the same time. With the Program information editor you can comfortably create configuration files in the PIF format for
existing programs. These PIF files provides settings as the necessary memory, the data folder, necessary parameters and which
interfaces the program uses.
Screenshots

Windows 1.01 - Setup 1.01 - Setup 1.01 - Setup 1.01 - Setup

1.01 - Setup 1.01 - Setup 1.01 - Boot screen 1.01 - MS-DOS Executive

5
 1.01 - Shutdown 1.01 - Version

Date Version
1985 Nov. Windows 1.01
1986 Jan. Windows 1.02
1986 Aug. Windows 1.03
1987 April Windows 1.04

Windows 3.0
It is a 16-bit operating system that needs a preinstalled DOS like MS-DOS. In May 1990
Windows 3.0 came onto the market as graphical operating system extension for DOS in
the languages German, English and French. The main advantage, unlike DOS, is the
simultaneous execution of DOS and Windows programs in a graphical user interface.
Virtual machines allow the simultaneous execution of several DOS applications in a
separate 8086/8088 environment. Applications are running in cooperative multitasking
and can now use up to 16 Mbytes of RAM.

The user control during the graphical installation is made via keyboard and mouse. The
Program Manager provides management and launching applications through icons and
windows. The Control Panel is used to manage the associated hardware and software
management. Applications such as Windows Write, PC Paintbrush, Terminal, Calendar,
etc. are included in the operating system. The Print Manager manages both the LAN as
well as locally connected printer. The printed document corresponds to the document on
the screen after the WYSIWYG method.

Windows 3.0 has a GDI (Graphics Display Interface), an API (Application Program Interface) for programmer and supports DDE (Dynamic
Data Exchange) and OLE (Object Linking and Embedding). The central clipboard for copying and cutting text, images and objects to any
application is accessible via a separate application.

The operating system is optimized for 286 and 386 processors. With 286 processors, only the Standard and Real Modes are available. In
Standard Mode you can can use up to 16 MB memory with XMS. The Real Mode allows the use of a maximum of 640 Kbytes of RAM
(additional memory available with EMS) and run DOS applications in full screen without protected memory and multitasking. The
Enhanced Mode is only available for 386 processor and requires more conventional memory. It provides additional multitasking for
DOS applications with their own virtual instances with adjustable priority (time slice) and the use of virtual memory with a swap file.

Minimum Requirements:
- 80286 or higher processor with 10 MHz
- 1 MB RAM
- 6 MB free hard disk drive space
- 5 1/4 or 3 1/2 inch floppy drive
- CGA, EGA, VGA or compatible graphic card
- MS-DOS 3.1 or PC-DOS 3.1 preinstalled
- Optionally mouse, modem

Screenshots

Windows 3.0, Welcome Windows 3.0, select Windows 3.0, System Windows 3.0, Install
to Setup Directory C:Windows Configuration from floppy disk

6
 Windows 3.0, Set up Windows 3.0, Windows 3.0, Boot Windows 3.0, Desktop
Printers or Applications, Installation finished screen and Program Manager
read documentation

Windows 3.0, 386 Windows 3.0, Control Windows 3.0, Windows 3.0, Task List
enhanced mode, Version Panel Paintbrush and Write

Windows 3.0, File Windows 3.0, end your

Manager with menu Windows session

Versions

Date Version
1990 May Windows 3.0

Windows 3.11
The successor of Windows 3.10 was Windows 3.11 for Workgroups (WfW) with network abilities
for use as a client in an network. The operating systems supports now beside Netbeui for the first
time TCP/IP too. WFW could combine and show up to 25 computers in a working group. DOS
drivers remains resistant after the Windows start. The system can be specified over the following
configuration files: WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI and PROGMAN.INI, the Registry has no great importance
and only a minor meaning.

With the extension Win32s published later, also few 32-bit applications designed for Windows 95
could be executed now, last version of Win32s was 1.30c of February 1996. With "Video for
Windows" (VfW) the multimedia ability got updated. The minimum hardware requirements for
use of Windows 3.x are 2 mbyte RAM and 15 mbyte free harddisk storage.

Area of application
- private users
- Office use
- network client

Structure information
- cooperative multitasking
- 32-bit adressing in protected mode (with 386 CPU or better)
- 16-bit operating system
- File size up to 2 gbyte
- File system is FAT16

Features
- high compatibility to DOS
- low ressource requiered
- difficult network configuration
- limited security

Microsoft announced for the 01.11.2008 to take Windows 3.11 of the market definitely. The operating system manufacturer offered
licences for equipment manufacturers till now. The support was already terminated at the end of 2001.

7
Wallpaper

Windows 3.11 - Setup one of two Kinds of The desktop of Windows The program manager
of WfW 3.11 installation are to 3.11 looks that way represents graphical
choose Shell

The system control The file manager for Windows 3.11 needs Network card driver
the file and directory explicitly a DOS
access installation, in this case
MS DOS 6.22

installed Microsoft Network - TCP/IP-32 Internet Explorer 5.0

Windows Network, Ping 3.11b, Internet and file download
command Explorer 5.0

Versions
Date Version
1992 April Windows 3.10
1993 Nov. Windows for Workgroups 3.11
1994 Windows 3.2, chinese version

Windows 95
The new Windows operating system with the internal version 4.0 is the successor of Windows 3.11 and brings a completely new design
of the interface and of the kernel with it. 32-bit applications are supported fully, DOS applications can also virtually be used now in a
DOS box, furthermore 16-bits of programs are supported. Windows 95 to ME still needs DOS for the loading up program and for the DOS
box. New hardware is comfortably recognized by plug and play, the memory management was developed further considerably.

Important part of Windows 95 is the Registry now, which is responsible for the system behaviour like file assoziation, program
parameter, driver software, system configuration and others. The Registry consists of the files system.dat and user.dat, these are
located in the Windows directory. The files system.ini and win.ini are less important but are necessary for the system start furthermore.
For user profiles one user.dat is placed in each user directory and loaded upon login of the user for the individual user settings.

DOS driver software are no longer necessary in compare to Windows 3.x by now, the driver software model was changed and the
hardware is used through virtual device drivers (*.VxD) directly under Windows.

8
Area of application
- private users
- PC Games
- Office application
- network client

Structure information
- 32-bit operating system, with 16-bit code
- up to 512 mbyte RAM adressable
- file size up to 4 gbyte

System environment
- Shell is "Explorer.exe", optional is the Program Manager "Progman.exe" from
Windows 3.1 included
- Minimal hardware requierements: 4 mbyte RAM, 50 mbyte harddisk storage
- Integration of the Internet Explorer 3.0
- supports now FAT32 (since Version B), FAT16, VFAT
- preemptive multitasking for 32-bit programs
- cooperative multitasking for 16-bit programs
- ACPI Power save mode partly supported (except suspend to disk)
- x86 and compatible processors

Features
- plug and play, high number of device drivers
- high compatibility to DOS, Windows 3.x
- high number of software
- no multiprocessing
- low local/network security
- old system architecture (16-bit software compatibility)
- badly scalable

9
 Windows 95 B, boot Windows 95 B, start Windows 95 B, Windows 95 B,
process menu, fetures of the preinstalled Internet Windows Explorer with
display, in the Explorer 3.0, the detailed view, version
background the utility Windows interface is information in the DOS
programs for the kept rather simple box
harddisk storage

Windows 95 B, features Windows 95 B, In the Windows 95 B, with the Windows 95c - Windows
of the system and full installation of Active Desktop of the setup
system control in the Windows 95 many Internet Explorer v4.0 a
symbol view simple programs are web view is integrated
preinstalled optionally in Windows
95

Windows 95 C, setup Windows 95 C, Windows 95 C, Windows 95 C, Base

assistant Selection of the hardware detection settings of the
configuration computer

Windows 95 C, file copy Windows 95 C, Windows 95 C, file and Windows 95 C, start

process Installation of the directory Explorer menu and version
Internet Explorer 4.0 informations

Windows 95 C, Quiet of Windows 95 C, Internet Windows 95 C, Windows 95 C,

Windows (shut down, Explorer mit Website Information about the playback of videos in
restart, DOS mode, log space consumption of a the Media player
off) partition

Windows 95 C, network Windows 95 C, View of Windows 95 C, view of Windows 95 C, Registry

view, shared folders the drives and system the root directory and and system files
and files control device manager

10
Versions
Date Version
1995 Aug. 4.00.950, Windows 95 base version, codename "Chicago"
1996 Feb. 4.00.950a, Windows 95 A (OSR1)
4.00.1111b, Windows 95 B (OSR2), first time with FAT-32 support,
1996 Aug.
sale only through OEM, IE 3.0 integrated
1997 April Windows 95 B (OSR2.1)
1997 Nov. 4.03.1214c, Windows 95 C (OSR2.5), Y2K update

Windows 98
Microsoft announced with this new system software Version 4.10 the revised version of
Windows 95. The operating system Windows 98 contains as innovation mainly detail
improvements and bug fixes. The hardware component is enhanced with USB support
improved and the operation of several monitors is possible now. Windows 98 is prepared
for DVD movies, for the view of DVD Movies a separate software must be installed.
The update to the newest Windows Release is supported if Windows 3. x or Windows 95
is already installed.

As a file system for the installation of Windows 98 FAT32 is recommended. If the access
to other file systems is needed are tools of third party manufacturers required which
usually offer a free software with read access. Such tools are available for NTFS and the
Linux file system ext2. For the professional file system NTFS exists a driver of
Sysinternals which is integrated after the installation in the operating system. For the
successful installation system files are needed by Windows NT.

Windows 98 can be updated to DirectX 9.0 and the Internet Explorer 6.

Features
- extended support for the connection to networks
- integrated Internet Explorer 4.0
- web optimized, networking through VPN
- Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)

Area of application
- home user
- PC Games
- Office use
- network client

Structure informations
- 32-bit operating system, with 16 Bit Code
- up to 512 mbyte RAM adressable
- File size up to 4 gbyte

System environment
- Minimum Hardware Requierements: 16 mbyte RAM, 300 mbyte harddisk storage
- Active Desktop for the Web integration in Windows
- New driver model WDM (Win32 Driver Model), developed for the same driver base for Windows NT and 98 in 1996
- Task planer, time controlled start from programs
- Mayntenance assistant, harddisk maintains
- game interface DirectX 5.0
- multi monitoring Support (up to 4)
- File system FAT16, better use FAT32, access to NTFS and Linux ext2 file system with 3rd party tools
- preemptive multitasking for 32-bit applications
- cooperative multitasking for 16-bit programs
- ACPI Power save mode partly supported (except of Suspend to Disk)
- x86 CPUs and compatible

Features
- integrated ICM (Image Color Management)
- Plug and play, support for modern hardware like USB, Firewire IEEE 1394
- high compatibility to DOS, Windows 3.x and limited NT
- very high number of software and device drivers

Screenshots

11
 Windows 98 - Windows 98 - Bootlogo Windows 98 Desktop File Explorer with user
Installation program with Active Desktop for defined view and
HTML content context menu

Internet Explorer 4.0 Control panel for access System informations, Harddisk maintance
to the configuration, MS-DOS command with Scandisk, Defrag
opened start menu prompt and Backup tools

MSCONFIG for system Simple Windows task Device manager for Windows 98 structure
configuration manager, Process specifically settings
Explorer of Sysinternals

Versions
Date Version
1998 June Windows 98, version 4.10.1998
1999 June Windows 98 SE, version 4.10.2222, integrated service pack 1

Windows CE
Windows CE is based on Windows 95 with the usual interface, adapted for small
devices. The development for this operating system under the code name Pegasus
began in 1995. Specially designed for micro-computers, the abbreviation CE stands
informal for "Compact Edtion". These microcomputers are known as handheld
computer or personal digital assistant (PDA). The first version of Windows CE
requires as a minimum 4 MB of ROM, 2 MB of RAM and a processor of the SuperH3,
MIPS 3000 or MIPS 4000 architecture. One of the first devices for Windows CE 1.0
which was the HP 300 LX, came on the market on 16th November 1996. The
operating system is not sold separately and always tied to the device unit shipped
by original equipment manufactures. The resolution of the touch screen is 640x240
pixels and corresponds to the half-VGA resolution. For synchronizing data between
mobile device and desktop computer, the software "Handheld PC Explorer" is used.

Field of application
- Handhelds and similar mobile devices
- data exchange between stationary and mobile computers
- dates mobil available, management of tasks and contacts

Structure information
- monolithic kernel

Environment
- 32-bit oeprating system
- SH3, MIPS 39xx and 4xxx, 486, Pentium, Motorola, PowerPC, ARM/Strong ARM

Special
- energy saving design for mobile handheld- and palmtop computers
- complex design

12
- complex applications

Windows CE 2.0 came in October 1997 with the first devices on the market. The operating system can now be designed modular by
the device manufacturers itself. TrueType fonts improving now the appearance of characters on the screen with a display of 640x480
pixel full VGA resolution and 24-bit color depth. The manageable memory can now be up to 4 MB. The software "Handheld PC Explorer"
is renamed to ActiveSync.

The update Windows CE 2.10 in July 1998 allows the use of TCP/IP and the file system FAT32. With the modular file wrapper can be
incorporated up to 256 different file systems. The RAM can now be up to 16 MB. The new command line processor allows in this release
for the first time the use of commands without a graphical user interface. An infrared port and USB controller increases the scope.

Windows CE 3.0 is only available for ARM CPUs. As new feature the Bluetooth support was introduced.

Pocket PC 2003 or Windows Mobile 2003 has a real-time kernel and is based on the Windows CE. NET 4.2 kernel. The features of the
XScale CPU are now fully available and use the advanced commands of the ARM v5 architecture. The Pocket Media
Player can now play videos in Windows Media 9 format. A WLAN stack was added and the setup of the connections was
made easier.

Windows Mobile 2003 SE from March, 25. 2004 for Pocket PCs can switch over the display contents between the portrait and
landscape format and displays up to 480 × 640 pixels. The start menu was changed light and the handwriting recognizer software
Transcriber is controllable with Shortcuts now. The Internet Explorer converts web pages to a adapted format for better view on small
displays.

Windows Mobile 5.0 was finished on May 5th, 2005. It is used in Pocket PCs, Smartphones and compact Media Players. Important
innovations in this release are the support of Persistant Storage to prevent a data loss at a low battery usage and the revised mobile
Office with Word, Excel and Powerpoint. The Windows Media player was updated to version 10 and the sync software ActiveSync to
version 4.0. With Direct3Dmobile a new standard API was created for a simplified programming of 3D applications and games for PDAs.

Windows CE 6 was introduced in 2006. It offers a revised kernel architecture of the operating system, up to 32,000 parallel processes
can be executed. A virtual addressable range of 2 gbyte is possible for every process. The multimedia capabilities have been expanded
and now support HD-DVD, DVD (MPEG-2), UDF 2.5, multi-channel audio and much more. The compatibility to existing Windows CE
applications and drivers are kept.

Microsoft announced at the "CTIA Wireless" Windows Mobile 6.1 in April 2008. This new release is to be easier for the access to
messages and to configure. The integrated web browser supports Adobes Flash, Microsoft Silverlight and the video codec H.264.
Functions for Smartphones have been improved.

Screenshots

Windows CE Struktur Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile
desktop and start menu selection of the 2003, selection of the
of PocketPC settings #1 settings #2

Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile
running programs File Explorer Medion Navigator with 2003, view of the
GPS Route planner

Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003,

view of the version settings for network selection of the
connections battery mode

13
Versions
Date Version
1996 Sept. Windows CE 1.0, Codename Pegasus
1996 April Windows CE 1.1
1997 Oct. Windows CE 2.0
1998 July Windows CE 2.10
2000 April Windows CE 3.0, Pocket PC 2000, Codename Rapier
2001 Oct. Windows CE 3.0, Pocket PC 2002, Codename Merlin
2002 Jan. Windows CE 4.0 Net
2002 June Windows CE 4.1 Net
2003 April Windows CE 4.2, Windows Mobile 2003, Codename Ozone
2004 March Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition
2005 May Windows Mobile 5.0, RTM
2006 Windows Mobile 5.0 Second Edition
2007 Feb. Windows Mobile 6.0
2008 April Windows Mobile 6.1
2009 May Windows Mobile 6.5
2010 Windows Mobile 7

Windows Automotive
Windows CE for Automotives (WCEfA) based on Windows CE, adapted for the specific requirements of the automotive
industry for use in motor vehicles. This requirements are parallel access to the hardware, more stringent standards to
the stability, security and response times. It supports a variety of processor architectures. Car manufacturers like for
example Ford, Fiat and Kia integrate this operating system into different car models for offering services such as
navigation, entertainment, communications and more.

• 32-bit real-time operating

• Kernel with protected memory areas

• short boot time

• < 10 ms Interrupt time (depending on CPU)

• supports .NET based on Windows CE

• voice controlled software

• various web services

• Win32 API, SAPI v5.0 (Speech API)

• High performance graphic support, DirectX® API and GDI subsystem

• DirectShow API supports Windows Media audio, MP3 and DVD

• driver diversion-control

• extended error report system, information collection for the diagnosis

• APM (Advanced Power Management) process monitoring

• transaction save file system (TFAT)

• Bluetooth 1.1, IPv6, IEEE 802.11 and 802.1x

• Messenger RTC/SIP client, VoIP, IEEE 1394 and MOST support

• Internet Explorer web browser

Windows Automotive 5.0 based on the Windows CE 5.0 operating system. By AUITK (Automotive User Interface
Toolkit), the user interface can be efficiently adapted to the particular vehicle model. The Automotive System Toolkit

14
(AST) provides the tools to optimize the performance by CPU management, diagnostics and fault monitoring.

Microsoft Auto 3.0 based on the Windows Embedded CE 6.0. It offers voice-based interaction with the user, the use of
USB storage media, locating by GPS and secure updates of the operating system and software. Mobile devices can be
connected via Bluetooth.

It is used for the technologies of Ford SYNC, Fiat Blue&Me and Fiat Blue&Me MAP. Ford SYNC since autumn 2007, a
build-in communication and entertainment system for 12 different car models from Ford, Mercury and Lincoln. From end
of 2009, Ford plans to equip all car models with SYNC. As hardware an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) 11 processor, 64
MB RAM and 256 MB of flash memory is used. The USB port can be used to install updates of the device support.

Fiat use Microsoft Auto for the Blue&Me infotainment system and Blue&Me MAP navigation system. With the additional
program EcoDrive the driver can even record his driving behavior onto a USB stick and evaluate it later for economical
reasons on the computer.

Microsoft Auto 3.1 setzt auf das aktualisierte Betriebssystem Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2. Es enthält ein neues
Sicherheitsmodell für Anwendungen und das Betriebssystem. Die Signierung von Programmcode soll die Ausführung von
unsignierten Programmen verhinden. Die Entwicklungs-Tools umfassen den Platform Builder 6.0, Visual Studio 2005,
Microsoft Auto 3.1 Platform Development Kit und die Referenz-Hardware.

Reference hardware:

• CPU: Freescale i.MX31, 16/32 bit RISC processor, with each 16 KB instruction and data cache

• 128 KB second level cache

• Security controller, including secure RAM and security Monitor

• 256 MByte NAND Flash 8/16 Bit

• 64 MB DDRAM

• 100 Mbit/s Ethernet interface

• USB 2.0 interface, High-Speed up to 480 Mbit/s

• Bluetooth 2.0 compatible

Microsoft Auto 4.0 based on Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2. The operating system is supporting Intel iA86, SH4-based
processor (SH7785), Freescale i.MX 31 and i.MX 35, Texas Instruments Jacinto and a variety of other processors which
use ARM v4, SH4 and x86 instructions.

Versions
Date Version
1998 Jan. Microsoft Auto PC 1.0, code name Apollo, Windows CE 2.01
1999 Oct. Microsoft Auto PC 2.0, code name Goldeneye, Windows CE 2.12
2000 Oct. Windows CE for Automotive 3.0, based on Windows CE 3.0
2002 April Windows CE for Automotive 3.5, based on Windows CE 3.0
2003 March Windows Automotive 4.2, based on Windows CE .NET 4.20
2005 July Windows Automotive 5.0, based on Windows CE 5.0
2008 Microsoft Auto 3.0, based on Windows Embedded CE 6.0
2008 Nov. Microsoft Auto 3.1, based on Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2
Microsoft Auto 4.0, code name Bristol, based on Windows Embedded
2009 May
CE 6.0 R2
Microsoft Auto 4.1, code name Motegi, based on Windows
2010
Embedded CE 6.0 R3

Windows ME
The Windows Millennium Edition operating system is the successor of Windows
98 SE with some selected features of Windows 2000. The system core consists

15
of a few parts of source code from Windows 2000. MS-DOS is furthermore necessary for the system start, DOS driver
software are not used under Windows any more.

In opposite with the predecessor Windows 98 new features were added. Now it is possible to create compressed folders
who moreover let themselves be encoded (screenshots 3-4). The search function from Windows 2000 was integrated
into the Windows ME Explorer, the stability was improved. The Windows Registry was extended by 1 file for performance
reasons. The Registry file Classes.dat is loaded only on demand, System.dat and User.dat are loaded statically. For any
loged in user the respective User.dat is loaded from the profile directory like since Windows 95. Benchmarks
betweenWindows ME and Windows 2000 with current games has shown that Windows ME has with suitably hardware
and driver software a slightly higher benchmark result. The sales started on September 14th, 2000.

Area of application
- PC Games
- private users
- network client, Internet connection sharing

Structure informations
- supports ACPI, Idle states for computer
- integrated Internet Explorer 5.5
- monolithic kernel
- preemptive multitasking
- System file protection and system recovery
- automated system processes
- universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

System Environment
- Minimum Hardware requirements: 32 mbyte RAM, 500 mbyte of free harddisk storage
- up to 512 mbyte RAM adressable
- FAT-16 or FAT-32 File system
- x86 and compatible processors

Features
- simplified network setup in opposition to the predecessor
- increased Stability with system recovery and system file protection
- no 16-bit program code
- Compatibility problems with software for Win9x and driver software
- no common use of Windows 2000 WDM driver software with Windows ME

Screenshots

Windows ME (Beta (Beta 2419) - original (Beta 2419) - Desktop (Beta 2419) - picture
2419) - boot process wallpaper view preview and
compression

(Beta 2419) - (Beta 2419) - Folder (Beta 2419) - extended Windows ME 4.90.3000,
Compression view for options, protected search function in Setup Wizard
.ZIP archives, the window instances for a Explorer
contents are listed imrpoved stability
automatically

16
Windows ME, Welcome Windows ME, select Windows ME, Setup Windows ME, Windows
to Setup Directory C:\Windows Options Typical, Components
Portable, Compact,
Custom

Windows ME, Network Windows ME, change Windows ME, set your Windows ME, ready to
Identification country or region time zone copying files

Windows ME, file copy Windows ME, finalizing Windows ME, setting Windows ME, Hardware
progress settings up hardware Detection

Windows ME, User Windows ME, License Windows ME, Windows Windows ME,
Information Agreement Product Key completing setup

Windows ME, Restart Windows ME, startup Windows ME, login Windows ME, Desktop
Computer screen screen

Windows ME, start Windows ME, home Windows ME, Outlook Windows ME, Windows
menu network and Internet Express 5.5 Explorer and Search
Explorer 5.5 Assistant

Windows ME, Control Windows ME, Control Windows ME, System Windows ME,
Panel with standard Panel with all options Properties with Version Performance settings
options and MS-DOS Prompt for File System,

17
 Graphics and Virtual
Memory

Windows ME, Games,

Online Services and
Entertainment

Windows NT 3.1 Workstation

In May 1993 the first Windows NT (New Technology) version 3.1 came as a Workstation
(Client) and Advanced Server operating system for Intel x86 and RISC architecture to
the market. It is the indirect successor to Windows 3.0 and OS/2 2.0 in the new NT
product line for high demands on stability. It allows 32-bit applications and makes them
available each up to 2 GB of virtual memory. The protected memory area ensures the
stability of Windows NT if an application has a crash. To protect against power outages,
the use of a UPS is supported. The operating system is suitable as a network client and
in the office. The system structure is based on a micro-kernel with support for up to 2
CPUs and can address a maximum of 64 MB of RAM. The file systems NTFS, HPFS and
FAT-16 are fully supported. This version of Windows does not support Plug and Play.

Minimum requirement of hardware is at least an Intel 386 microprocessor with 25 MHz,

12 MB of RAM and a hard drive with 75 MB of free disk space. For the RISC architecture
is suitable for example one Mips R4000 processor, at least 16 MB of RAM and 92 MB free
hard disk space.

Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server

The first Windows NT Server operating system was introduced in July 1993. The system requires at minimum a 486
processor with 25 MHz, 16 MB RAM and 90 MB hard disk space. For a RISC-based system are 16 MB RAM with 110 MB of
free hard disk capacity recommended. The scalability is increased to up to 4 processors, and each application can be
served with up to 4 GB of virtual memory. The manageable disk storage can now span multiple terabytes.
The operating system is based on the Client-Server concept and adds support for various RAID levels. The networking
capabilities allow the Global Network Login for access to network-wide resources, providing of Connectivity Services for
Macintosh and RAS as well as integration into existing network structures.

Screenshots

Windows NT 3.1 - The Windows NT 3.1 - Windows NT 3.1 - the Windows NT 3.1 - a
interface looks like the special Administration user manager is for the backup program of
same of Windows 3.11 and RAS programs are creation and Microsoft is also
part of the standard in management of user includet
Windows NT profiles

Windows NT 3.1 - The Windows NT 3.1 - Windows NT 3.1 - The Windows NT 3.1 -

18
 system control has 6 Server services like the system variables of NT Deadlocked programs
icons more compared logging running in the have remained uniform can be killed controlled
with Windows 3.11, background and for all Windows NT now without
these are: system, provide a smooth versions up to this day endangering the
network, servers, process operating system
services, devices and
UPS

Windows NT 4.0 Workstation

The operating system Windows New Technology in the current version 4.0 of
July 1996 was developed further considerably to the predecessor NT 3.51. The
user interface of Windows 95 was united and revised with the stability and
accuracy of Windows NT and integrated into this new version. The complete
graphic engine, user, GDI and graphic driver software were transferred by the
user mode into the kernel mode. Through this an improvement in the
performance has happen opposite the earlier versions. Standards from the
UNIX world like TCP/IP protocols and Posix Guidelines are also includet.
Windows NT does not allow direct access to the hardware and controls all
accesses. Only with special graphics boards and specified driver software
approximately the overlay mode is possible for the faster playback of videos.

Windows NT is availably in a Server Edition (up to 4 CPUs) in a Workstation

Version (up to 2 CPUs) and Enterprise Server Edition (up to 8 CPUs). There in
addition are the Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Edition. The Registry is fully responsible for the user settings, system
configuration, hardware and software settings and others. Other configuration files plays only a minor roll opposite to
previous NT versions and of course Windows 9x. The Registry is therefore far bigger. The files used for the Registry are
NTUSER.DAT from the respective user directory, default (standard user profile), system (hardware configuration),
software (installed programs), Security (control of the access list) and Sam (user account and passwords), in the
directory "C:/Winnt/system32/config/".

Minimum Requirements:
- 486 CPU or RISC-based CPU, such as Alpha, MIPS or PowerPC
- 16 MB RAM
- 110 MB free hard disk space
- VGA or SVGA compatible graphics card
- CD-ROM drive

Update: August, 23. 1997 With the Internet Explorer 4.0 the Active Desktop is offered as an extension for the
installation. It is possible with that to act like in a browser in the Windows Explorer and the desktop can display web
objects. The start bar is extended by the integration of own tool bars for the quick start. The user interface looks through
this more modern like in Windows 98.

Update: August, 07. 1998 Last DirectX release in the version 6.0 for Windows NT. Direct3D and DirectSound are
supported only emulated.

Update: November, 19. 1999 With the 35 mbyte great Service Pack 6.0 Windows NT 4.0 is taken to the newest stand.
All bug fixes were integrated in relation with the turn of the year 2000, euro currency support and security updates. The
NTFS driver software was revised and supports now except for EFS and Quotas, NTFS 5.0 harddisk storages from
Windows 2000. There are no updates for the MDAC and Internet Explorer includet.

Update: July, 26. 2001 The 14.5 mbyte great and last Security Rollup Package (SRP) is published. All Patches are
contained that was released since the Service Pack 6a.

Area of application
- Network Client
- Server
- Office use for office programs

Structure informations
- Microkernel
- Platforms: Intel x86, Alpha, on MIPS and PowerPC only very little common
- multi-processor capable (up to 4 CPUs)
- good port to other platforms by a changed HAL

System environment
- Time-Sharing system
- File systems: NTFS, FAT-16
- Protocols: NetBEUI, TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, DLC, AppleTalk

19
Features
- stable system
- Systemlog for events
- High performance at Office applications
- High security with current Service Packs
- bad integration of newest hardware
- no Plug and Play
- no ACPI or direct USB support

Screenshots

Windows NT 4.0 - Select or prepare a Formatting of the Copying process of the

Windows NT setup destination partition partition in NTFS is system files
recommended

Base settings of the Setup assistant 4.0 - Create emergency Define program
computer floppy disk for Recovery selection

Network Configuration Playback of Videos Internet Explorer 2.0 Startmenu, Workplace

and system control

Services of the File explorer and task System registration and View of web sites in the
computer manager network configuration Internet Explorer

Access to shared files Assignment of file and User managers, logging User manager in detail
in the network folder rights function, harddisk
manager and memory
allocation

20
 Logging in the detail System configuration of Screen for logon Windows NT 4.0
.ini files (only to the Structure
compatibility)

Versions
Date Version
1996 July Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, RTM
1997 May Service Pack 3
1998 Oct. Service Pack 4
1999 Nov. Service Pack 6
2001 July Security Rollup Package (SRP)

Windows NT Server 4.0

This operating system contains the functionality of Windows NT Workstation
4.0. The software has been optimized for use as a server and supports up to 4
processors. The FAT and NTFS file systems are still supported and even HPFS,
in case you upgrade from Windows NT Server 3.51.

Microsoft recommends the following order before the installation of Option

Pack: InstallWindows NT Server 4.0, Service Pack 3, Internet Explorer 4.01 and
then the Option Pack.

Minimum Requirements x86:

- Intel 486/33 MHz or higher
- 16 MB RAM
- 125 MB free hard disk space
- VGA or SVGA compatible graphics card
- CD-ROM drive
Minimum Requirements RISC:
- ALPHA, MIPS, or PPC
- 16 MB RAM
- 160 MB free hard disk space
- VGA or SVGA compatible graphics card

Screenshots

Windows NT Server 4.0, Hardware configuration Choice of partition Format the partition
Welcome to the Setup with NTFS
program

21
 Progress bar of Directory for Windows The installation Setup-Assistant
formatting NT files progress bar

Registration of the CD Selection of licensing Set computer name Server Type setting
identification number mode per server or
workstation

Password for Create Emergency Disk Component selection Wizard Server Setup
Administrator Account

Connections with Microsoft Internet Select Network Cards Select Network

network LAN, RAS Information Server (IIS) Protocols

Select Networking Set network bindings Setting the workgroup The installation is
Services or domain complete

Configuration of IIS 2.0 Directories of the IIS for Reboot the computer OS Loader V4.00 for
Web, FTP and Gopher Windows NT Server

Boot screen with version, Logon to the server Administrator login Internet Explorer 6.0
service pack, the number
of CPUs and memory

22
 System Properties General administration Disk Manager Administrative
and diagnostics Assistant for servers

Ntoskrnl.exe blue screen

Versions
Date Version
1996 August Windows NT Server 4.0, RTM
1997 May Service Pack 3
1998 Oct. Service Pack 4
1999 Nov. Service Pack 6
2001 July Security Rollup Package (SRP)

Windows 2000 Professional

Microsoft released this new Windows version 5.0, Build 2195 in February 2000. It is the
desktop operating system of the new Windows 2000 platform for x86 architecture and
be completed by the versions Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server
and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. As a minimum requierement for the installation a
Pentium processor, 32 mbyte main memory and 650 mbyte of free hard disk storage are
needed. Microsoft had planned to develop also a operating system version for the Alpha
architecture, the plans were stopped after an announcement of Compaq. Compaq
restricted the support to Windows NT 4.0 with service pack 6 and not higher at 1999-08-
25. Microsoft stopped the development plans for the Windows 2000 32- bit of Alpha
version after that.

Windows 2000 unites defined roughly the user-friendliness, pug & play and USB device
support of Windows 98 and the safety and stability of the Windows NT family. The
update to this new operating system is possible from Windows 95, 98 and Windows NT
3.51, 4.0. It is a multitasking, multiprocessing operating system and supports up to 2
processors of the x86 32- bit and 64 bit architecture with SMP. Threads or processes can
choose between the available processors. Beside the complete revision new features and many improvements are integrated. The
result is high compatibility, simplified administration, increased hardware support with over 7,000 devices, file administration and
extended security functions. Applications for Windows 9x are only supported restrictedly. The installation is possible from CD-ROM or
over the network from a file server. The virtual addressable storage is 4 gbyte and is managed by the Virtual Memory manager (VMM).
VMM assigns the addressable storage on the actually available physical memory and the memory page file (pagefile.sys) on hard disk.

The field of application of this operating system is suitable as a single user computer or as a client in company networks. The
operating system is enhanced with the game interface DirectX 7.0, the Internet Explorer 5.0 made access to the Internet possible.
Windows 2000 authenticates the user first at the access to files, printers or other computers. Networks are supported with the protocols
TCP/IP, NWLink and AppleTalk. Windows 2000 supports the data interchange in decentralised working groups and central domains.

Furthermore the Registry consists as in Windows NT 4.0 before of the system files SAM, SECURITY, SOFTWARE and SYSTEM. The
hierarchical database saves information of the hardware and applications as well as configuration settings. The following basic services
are in Windows 2000 Prof. installed. The SFC (System File Protection) offers protection from overwrite of Windows system files. It is
possible to create hardware profiles for different hardware configurations with the settings of all devices and services. NTFS is used as
file system in the new version 5. The specification of user rights is possible for files and directories on file system level, file compression

23
in real time, disk storage quotas (Quotas) and encrypting with EFS (Encrypting File System) can also be used. At the specification of
rights the Access Control List (ACL) is stored with every file and every directory. The compression and encoding exclude each other,
only one of the options on the same object can be used. Furthermore the FAT/FAT32 file system is supported.

Windows 2000 Prof. is also suitable for mobile use on notebook computers. With the complete support of the technologies APM and
ACPI an effective energy management and thus lower electricity consumption is possible. With the Suspend to Disk function the
computer can be put into a power saving mode and is in the same condition as before after short reactivation time. An assistant
supports the user at the administration of the network connections, with use of VPN (Virtual Private Network) and IPSec (Internet
Protocol Security) secure mobile access to company networks is possible. The printer administration was simplified with an assistant.
2004-02-13 announced Microsoft that parts of the source code of Windows 2000 has leaked on the Internet. The source code appeared
illegally in peer-to-peer file sharing networks, Microsoft said to use the full law to protect the stolen property.
2003-06-25 the Service Pack 4 eliminates 675 bugs appeared since the last service pack. New is the support for USB 2.0 device
connections.

- unattended installation of the operating system via script possible

- different options for Windows start like "safe mode" and "last as good known configuration"
- booting from the Windows 2000 CD-ROM offers repair of the operating system or recovery console
- supports the display of the desktop on up to 10 monitors
- task planner for time controlled executing of programmes
- utilities for hard disk like defragmentation and check on disk errors
- event viewer for protocolling of application, security and system events
- backup tool for data safety and recovery
- Microsoft Management Console (MMC), administration of the local or remote computer, expandable by SnapIns
- support for local and predefined user accounts, domain user accounts
- ActiveDirectory directory service available if client is member in Windows 2000 domain
- New protocols for a secure authentication in the network are EAP, RADIUS, IPSec, L2TP and BAP

Screenshots

Windows 2000 - FAT or Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 - boot Windows 2000 -
NTFS for the system wallpaper after the first screen (16 colors) Windows 2000 with
partition restart service pack 3

Windows 2000 - System Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 - with
control network and remote Computer Servicepack 3 other
connections administration: standard software for
Defragmentation of the middleware can be
file systems more easily specified

Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 - the Windows 2000 - Windows 2000 - Detail
Windows Explorer with search dialog in the Application example of improvement for the
extended file- and Windows Explorer was the transparency effect deinstallation of
directory attributes with extended by further with the WinAMP Media software
NTFS criterias player

24
 Windows 2000
structure

Versions
Date Version
2000 July Service Pack 1 released
2001 May Service Pack 2 released
2002 July Service Pack 3 released
2003 June Service Pack 4 released

Windows XP
The Windows eXPerience operating system is available as home and professional edition and are similar suitable for the
use on standalone computers. The home edition is suitable for user which worked with Windows 9x/ME till now and don't
need special network or security features in theire environment. If the user have used Windows NT/2000 private, in
business or both, the Professional Edition is not only with a view of the administration optimally. Microsoft already
encloses 10,000 drivers on the installation media of Windows XP, about the Windows update further more 2,000 drivers
are available.

The Professional Edition of Windows XP has more network features than the
Home Edition. An update of Windows 9 x/ME is possible, with Windows
NT/2000 only the Professional Edition can be used for update. Optional FAT32
and NTFS are available as a file system for the installation partition.

Windows XP (Windows version 5.1) becomes a predecessor of Windows 9x/ME

as well as Windows NT/2000 and is available for 32-bits CPUs in the following
versions:

- Embedded
- Home Edition (1 CPU) for private user (Oct. 2001)
- Professional Edition (2 CPU) for business user (Oct. 2001)
- Media Center (1 CPU) especially for multimedia devices (Nov. 2002)
- Tablet PC Edition especially for Tablet PCs (Nov. 2002)
- Server Edition (4 CPU)
- Advanced Server (8 CPU), also 64-bit Intel CPUs
- Microsoft Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (July 2007)

A 64-bit version of Windows XP was announced officially of Microsoft in April 2003. The RC2 was available in February
2005. Windows XP Professional x64 was published in April 2005. At most 16 gbyte RAM are utilizably with that, the
virtual address range enlarges to 16 tbyte.

Same will be the product activation at all versions, which is needed at every new installation or extensive upgrade of
the PC devices. Company customers can use an so-called Corporated version by a special licensing option without this
product activation.

As the most visual innovation the revised Windows interface with the new design is well done, the design called Luna (as
of beta 2428) can display window elements in high colour. The return to the interface as of Windows 2000 is further
possible. The representation and organisation of the central registry is quit the same as used in Windows 2000.

Standard features of Windows XP - Home and Professional

Fast user switching

Network assistant

25
Remote control for the diagnosis (Remote assistant)
Simplified user interface
Windows Media Player
Internet Explorer 6.0
Windows Movie Maker

Special features of Windows XP - Professional Edition

ASR - Automated System Recovery

Create of offline files
Backup/recovery function
User guidelines (Policies)
User administration (limited in Home Edition)
File system encrypting (only for NTFS)
Integration of the PC in a domain
Integration of dynamic data storage
Use as a terminal service client
Use as a NetWare-Client
Remote connection (desktop sharing)
Use of multiple monitors
EFS support in the file system
Send and received Fax support
SMP (use of more than one processor)

The graphic device interface (GDI) in the version GDI+ can take advance of gamma correction and 3D interfaces in high
colour depth. Windows XP is more based on HTML than previous versions. The system control was designed complete in
HTML. With the new CD-R/CD-RW software It is it is possible to create easy and simple CDs. The Windows terminal
service makes the access to an shared Windows XP desktop with an terminal client like the VNC solution.

With the new introduced multi-user function, user are now be able to run her applications in the background even if the
user signs off and another user is logging on to Windows. If the previous user returns he can continue his work after that
without having to once more start the recent documents or applications.

The Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Windows XP needs about 900 mbyte of free storage space. Another system modification is
the Security Center, which shows the status and settings of the firewall, automatic updates and one additional anti virus
program. The new memory function "data execution prevention" protects software code in the memory in front of
manipulation like the insert of malicious program code to be executed (also called No Execute or NX), the protection
works only with 64-bit processors. The improved firewall now can detect waitign ports for connections and the defination
of exception rules for various network services.

The browser was extended by an pop-up blocker, the file execution protection (as well for Outlook Express) with
informations about the used download zone was revised generally. Downloaded programs inherit the zone information of
the browser and warn before the execution from Internet files as well as with the NTFS file system also before executing
on local partitions.

Microsoft showed the naming for a Windows without Windows Media player on March 28, 2005. It is called Windows XP
Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional Edition N on the market. Microsoft followed with this change the
demands of to the EU-Kommision for a better competition between further software houses which offers a own media
player like Realplayer, QuickTime and Winamp. There is no price difference to the standard Windows versions.

Screenshots

Windows XP (RC1 RC1 2505 - Windows RC1 2505 - Searching RC1 2505 - Windows
2505) - user interface Media Player assistant for complex Explorer
Luna in action queries with preview

26
 RC1 2505 - Sharing RC1 2505 - File RC1 2505 - System RC1 2505 - System
options in Windows operations can be control features, Performance
Explorer selected in the right features are available
window as profiles

RC1 2505 - Device RC1 2505 - Features of RC1 2505 - Programs RC1 2505 - Classic view
manager with Features the start menu can specifically be of the system control
and details executed by another
user

Windows XP - graphical XP - boot screen XP - task manager XP - User change with

installation screen furthermore running
programs

Windows XP - default XP(sp2) - Update of the XP(sp2) - Activation of XP(sp2) - security

Desktop installation the automatic updates center

XP(sp2) - The system XP(sp2) - define the XP(sp2) - define the XP(sp2) - define
control was enhanced update behaviour Firewall settings exceptions for the
Firewall

XP(sp2) - secured XP(sp2) - XP(sp2) - Pop-up XP(sp2) - Define pop-up

network adapter Administration of Add- blocker for the Internet blockers for security
Ons of the Internet Explorer zone
Explorer

27
 Windows XP structure Windows XP Tablet, Windows XP Tablet, Windows XP Tablet,
(Quelle: tecChannel) Bootloader Introduction in Tablet Startmenu and
PC Command prompt

Windows XP Tablet, Windows XP Tablet, Windows XP Tablet,

Notes and keyboard Control panel Instructions for Tablet
input PC

Versions
Date Version
2002 Sept. Service Pack 1 released
2004 Aug. Service Pack 2 released
2008 April Service Pack 3 released

Windows Vista

Microsoft published the new product name Vista for this new Windows Version on an event in the USA/Atlanta on 21-07-2005. This
Windows Version was known under the development name Longhorn before. The installation of Vista is based on WIM (Windows
Imaging format), a file-based Image Format. It compresses the contained files and can be used for the installation on several platforms
from the same Image. The image on the DVD contains a pre-installation of the system directories of Windows in the Windows Imaging
(.WIM) file and adapts to the hardware configuration. With the User State Migration Toolkit the user defined settings can be
imported of Windows 2000 and Windows XP. An advantage of WIM images is the easy
integration of new drivers and updates, the LZX compression provides the smallest file
size and XPress compression the fastest compression. The installation DVD of Windows
Vista already contains about 16,000 drivers, the Windows update offers further 14,000
drivers for supported hardware. There is no licence key during the Windows Vista
installation necessary, in this case it start with a 30 days trial license. After this time
period the activation of the operating system is inevitably with the Internet Explorer,
after the start-up Windows opens only this window for activation. Windows Vista contains
DRM technology for the playback of protected multimedia files.

Windows Vista (Windows version 6.0) contains the new user interface Aero. The start
menu has a round start button without text now. New characteristics are three-
dimensional effects, the transparent representation and freely scalable symbols. To see
all visual features a graphiccard with DirectX 9.0 support is required. The known
interface of Windows XP can be activated alternatively. The PC should at least contain a
processor with 2 ghz, 512 mbyte RAM and at least 10 GByte of free harddisk storage.

Developer take advance from the new graphic interface WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) for the component-based development
of 2D and 3D applications, WPF was designed under the code name Avalon. This framework supports the use of vector graphic for
better scaling of applications on the display screen.

For better Security Microsoft has integrated useful functions. The automatic update of the operating system provides the installation of
new patches. When required the function UAC (User Account Control) asks the user whether it shall unlock unlimited user rights for the
execution of a program. InfoCards makes the automated log-on and register of login informations for web pages possible. Windows
Defender extends Windows by an spyware/malware protection, the Windows Firewall monitors connections which are incoming and
outgoing.

The performance is for a shorter reactivation time of Windows with the active programmes after a cold start of the PC improved by
Windows SuperFetch. Windows ReadyBoost provides an additional working memory on USB flash devices and can be combined

28
with SuperFetch. The USB flash storage has much faster access times than hard disks.

Preinstalled Programs by Microsoft were updated. The Internet Explorer 7 contains a Phishing Filter opposite to the previous version
and supports Tabbed Browsing. The navigation in the Windows Explorer was revised, the address bar is equipped with single-line option
fields displays for faster navigation in the directories on the file system. The search after files is possible with the use of many filters.
Outlook Express was renamed in Windows Mayl and got version 7.0 now. The functions of the Windows Media Player 11 and Windows
Movie Maker were refined.

Microsoft announced the product versions for Windows Vista on 2006-02-26. Altogether there are 6 versions which are different in
product functions and price. The same characteristic is the maximum support of 4 gbyte RAM for all 32-bit versions. For Windows Vista
64-bit and Home Basic are already 8 gbyte supported, Home Premium 16-gbyte, for the business variants and Vista Ultimate more than
128 gbyte RAM.

The Windows Vista Starter Edition is targeted to technological developing countries at a low price and fewer program functions. Only
the Vista Basic graphical interface and 32-bit version is available, the number of simultaneously executable applications is limited to 3.
Windows Vista Home Basic for private users contains only the simple user interface and cames without different new effects of the
Aero interface. A new function is the content and access control with protection of children and young people for the restricted use of
Windows and display of web sites. The next higher version is Windows Vista Home Premium which can also show the new Windows
Aero interface. Aero offers a simpler search for files in the audio and video format. Additional functions belongs to the Windows Media
Center to convert the computer into a multimedia player. The field of application is enhanced by the Windows Tablet PC technique like
hand character recognition, support of digital pins and finger touch recognition. The storage medium DVD can be described over the
integrated burning function with data, the authoring software helps at the creation of own films.
The Basic version for enterprise use forms the Windows Vista Business edition. The Windows Aero user interface can be activated,
Windows Tablet PC technique like hand character recognition is also included. The administration of many documents is improved, file
encrypting and the Encrypting File System (EFS) are important security extensions. For mobile use are designed the PC to PC
synchronization and other mobile functions. The domain logon and group guidelines is part of the network component. Data security is
provided by the image based backup. Windows Vista Enterprise has the same functions as the Business Edition and contains in
addition Windows BitLocker for hard disk encrypting and Virtual PC Express for the compatibility to older Windows applications by the
creation of a virtual environment. The subsystem for UNIX allows the execute of UNIX applications without porting. Windows Vista
Ultimate contains all features of the other versions but is the most expensive Edition.

Microsoft published the first Service Pack for Windows Vista in March 2008. It is distributed over the automatic Windows Update one
month later. If Vista is not activated the further use is possibly now without restrictions, but message windows remember the missing
activation. Major changes are the support of UEFI, DirectX 10.1, the new file system exFAT for flash storage and optimizations of the
performance. The use of network drives, handling of large pictures as well as file operations is faster done now. Device drivers were
updated and the API of the kernel protection for Windows 64 bit is opened now for security service providers. The installation of
Windows updates is accelerated and the number of UAC reports with directories reduced.

In July 2008 different analysts like Forrester, King Research and others reported that many big enterprises want not to migrate from
Windows XP to Windows Vista but to wait for the successor Windows 7. From 2.300 enterprises work after a survey less then 10% with
Vista (Forrester). Possible reasons are problems with the compatibility of existing applications and scarce investments for IT with other
priorities.

Microsoft published at the 26.05.2009 the second service pack for Windows Vista for the download. The download size is depending
of the chosen language and architecture with at least 302 MByte, via automatic update at least with 43 MByte. The Service Pack 1 is
required for installation. The installation packages exist separately for 32-bit, 64-bit and IA64 processor architectures. 836 issues
became fixed for Windows Vista is and Server 2008. The most important changes include:

• improved program compatibility

• improved power management

• Windows Search 4.0

• Support for 64-bit CPU VIA Technologies

• Burning Blu-ray media

• Improved support for eSATA drives

• Bluetooth stereo headphones now possible

• RSS feed sidebar improved in performance and response times

• Limit of 10 half open, outgoing TCP connections removed

Screenshots

29
Longhorn build 4074 - build 4074 - Desktop build 4074 - Product build 4074 - System
boot screen with opened start menu activation control and version
details

build 4074 - Options for build 4074 - Overview build 4074 - File build 4074 - File
the Quit of Windows of the system services manager and command manager with filter
line function

Windows Vista Beta 2, Beta 2 - Welcome Beta 2 - Windows Beta 2 - Windows start
user login screen Center Explorer with picture menu and version
preview informations

Beta 2 - Windows Beta 2 - User Account Beta 2 - Control Panel Beta 2 - Control Panel
Security Center Control Symbols

Beta 2 - Internet Windows Vista, starting Windows Vista, finish of Windows Vista, boot
Explorer 7 the installation the installation screen

Windows Vista, login Windows Vista, Windows Vista, start Windows Vista, Media
screen welcome center with menu with control Player and picture view
Aero surface panel and desktop
gadgets

Windows Vista, Windows Vista, Windows Vista, control Windows Vista,

30
 Windows Explorer with Windows Explorer with panel with classic view network- and sharing
properties of the device quick directory center
selection

Windows Vista, security Windows Vista, Windows Vista, change Windows Vista, basic
center for firewall, computer benchmark of the Windows informations and
update, virus protection appearance version
and more

Windows Vista, user Windows Vista, Internet Windows Vista, switch Windows Vista, normal
account control Explorer 7 through the program program switch
pile

Windows Vista, system Windows Vista, task Windows Vista,

files and junction points, manager and ressource Windows Firewall,
command prompt monitor extended security

Versions
Date Version
2004 May Windows Longhorn build 4074
2005 April Windows Longhorn build 5048
2005 July Beta 1
2006 June Beta 2 (build 5384.4)
2007 Jan. Windows Vista (build 6000, Version 6.0)
2008 March Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (Version 6.0.6001)
2009 May Windows Vista Service Pack 2 (Version 6.0.6002)

31
 Windows Server 2003
The operating system was published as a successor of Windows
server 2000 in April 2003. Windows Server 2003 carries the internal
version number 5.2. The 32-bit version of the Datacenter Edition of
Windows Server 2003 can supported by the Physical Address
Extension (PAE) up to 32 processors and 64 gbyte RAM in a server.
This operating system is used on IBM servers of the series x445 and
x455, for example. The following services are started after the
installation of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition.

Microsoft introduced the 64-bit versions of Windows XP and

Windows Server 2003 on the WinHEC 2005 event in Seattle in April
2005. The service pack 1 for Windows Server 2003 is already
integrated, the operating system is available in the variants
Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter edition. The advantages in the
64 bit variant lie int othe architecture obtained security functions for
the increase of the safety in the running operating system on
hardware level. The Patch Guard is a function for the protection of the system components from applications be able to
destabilize the system. For the addressing of the main memory at present are used only 40-bits for a virtual addressable
storage of 16-tbyte. The compatibility to existing 32-bit applications remains unchanged.

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition

- service for the delivery and store of web pages
- till 2 CPU and 2 gbyte RAM supported
- supports .NET framework, IIS 6, ASP.NET, Network Load Balancing, IPv6, Distributed file system (Dfs), Encrypting File
System (EFS), Shadow Copy Restore, print services for Unix
- can not be used as domain controller

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition

- intended purpose for small till medium-sized enterprises
- till 2 CPU and 4 gbyte RAM supported
- supports the services of the Web Edition, extended by enterprise UDDI services, Internet Authentication services (IAS),
removable and remote storage, Fax service, services for Macintosh, Remote Installation Services (RIS), Windows Media
Services (WMS), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), Certificate Services, Smart Card support and Terminal Services

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition

- designed for high requirements
- at least 550 mhz processor, 256 mbyte RAM, 2 gbyte free storage
- up to 8 processors and 32 gbyte RAM

32
- support for 8-nodes combined cluster
- also as 64-bit version available
- supports the services of the Standard Edition, extended by Metadirectory Services Support (MMS), Terminal Services
Session Directory functions, support for hot-add memory and Non-Uniform memory access (NUMA)
- Server functions are the role as a file server, print server, application server (for IIS 6.0, ASP.NET), mail server (for
POP3, SMTP), terminal server, RAS/VPN server, domain controller for Active directory, DNS server, DHCP server,
Streaming Media server, WINS server

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition

- intended purpose for highest performance, availability and scalability
- up to 32 processors and 64 gbyte RAM
- up to 8 node combined cluster
- also as 64-bits version available
- same services of the Enterprise Edition but without Metadirectory Services Support (MMS) and Internet Connection
Firewall, supports Datacenter Program (DCP)

The Service Pack 1 (SP1) was published at the end of March 2005 and improved the reliability and safety of the
operating system with light increased performance. Functions which are already in the Service Pack 2 for Windows XP
contained find the way to server operating systems now. The Windows firewall is installed (deactivated), the Internet
Explorer extended by the pop-up blocker and the Automatic Update can be activated optionally. With the Data Execution
Prevention (DEP) is the executing of programme code in not privileged memory areas prevented. The Security
Configuration Wizard (SCW) helps at the configuration of safety guidelines with querys.

In February 2006 the functions extended Windows servers 2003 R2 came on the market. With this second version the
administration of local and remote resources gets more efficient. Moreover, it offers a scalable web platform and
harmonizes with existing UNIX systems in the network. The Windows Servers 2003 R2 Datacenter Edition and Enterprise
Edition offer a more dynamic licensing model for the customers to be able to profit better from the server virtualization.
The replication services were revised and can simplify the file exchange with other servers. The Active Directory
Application Mode (ADAM) is integrated directly now for for a light weight directory service for network applications. The
Active Directory Federation Services connects directory services with each other about web services. The services for
UNIX (SfU) provide the interoperability with existing Linux/UNIX systems. The .NET runtime 2.0 is included.

The Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Windows Server 2003 was released at the end of March 2007. Contained are new
functions and patches for the operating system. The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) offers new and improved
command line tools in the new version. The performance with SQL servers and use of Windows virtualization was
improved. The secure Wireless Protected Access 2 (WPA2) is supported now. The Scalable Networking Pack (SNP) offers
an efficient scalability of network based applications.

Screenshots

Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 -
opened start menu Server administration - Server administration - Server administration -
with administration add Services (no Overview of the Configuration of the file
tools services started till configurable services server
now) e.g. as a file server

Server administration - Server administration - Server administration - At the latest after 14

sharing Folders (file Access rights (file activated services (file days Windows must be
server) server) server is active) activated

33
 Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 -
System control Assistant for network Windows Explorer Version
connections

Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 -
defragmentation features of the harddisk standard system Optional of the
services installation CD: WSRM

Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003 - Windows Server 2003
WSRM status Computer Event logging for structure, VMM- Virtual
administration restart, shut down Memory Manager, SRM-
Logout (shutdown Security Reference
Tracker) Monitor

Windows Home Server, Windows HS, Desktop is Windows HS, Standard Windows HS, Start
Bootscreen started desktop menu and running
processes

Windows HS, Console Windows HS, Console Windows HS, Console Windows HS, Console
-> General -> Backup -> Passwords -> Media Sharing

Windows HS, Console Windows HS, Console Windows HS, Console Windows HS, User
-> Remote Access -> Plugins -> Version accounts

Windows HS, File Windows HS, Storage Windows HS, Tools and Windows HS, Service
Sharing Eventlogs administration

Versions
Date Version

34
 2003 April Windows Server 2003
2005 März Service Pack 1 für Windows Server 2003
2006 Feb. Windows Server 2003 R2
2007 März Service Pack 2 für Windows Server 2003

Windows Server 2008

This new Server operating system bases on source code of the Windows Vista
Kernel and carries the internal version number 6.0, build 6001. The successor of
Windows server 2003 was developed under the code name "Longhorn". The
operating system Windows Server 2008 from Microsoft shall further increase
the reliability and flexibility in the server environment. This happens by
interesting functions, efficient tools and the implementation of innovatively
security features. The known Aero interface of Windows Vista was left out. A
existing server installation with Windows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008
Release Candidate is cabable for an upgrade. It is recommended to have at
least a 2 ghz processor, 2 gb RAM and 40 gb of free storage on the hard disk. A
new special feature which was never available before in a Windows operating
system is beside the option Complete Installation the Server Core
Installation without the Windows user interface only with a command line. The
administration is possible completely in booth variants, but the core installation
is limited to 8 server roles. Hyper-V presupposes a x64 processor of AMD or
Intel with virtualization technology and offers a installable virtualization solution
during or optionally after the installation. Several instances of operating
systems like Windows and Linux can be executed at the same time on a
computer with that.

The 4 main versions of Windows Server 2008 are different in the versions for 32 bit and 64 bit systems. For Itamium based computer
systems (IA-64) Microsoft offers an optimized version as Web Server and Application Server. The functional range varies depending on
variant and covers up to 17 server roles.

Windows Server 2008 Standard supports up to 4 GB RAM in the 32-bit version and 32 GB RAM in the 64-bit version. The operating
system supports up to 4 processors. 12 server roles are complete supported, 4 partial and Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)
are not supported.

Windows Server 2008 Enterprise supports up to 64 GB RAM in the 32-bit version and 2 TB RAM in the 64-bit version. The operating
system supports up to 8 processors. As field of application this server platform is recommended for the securing of business critical
applications in Clusters. All server roles are supported.

Windows Server 2008 Datacenter supports up to 64 GB RAM in the 32-bit version and 2 TB RAM in the 64-bit version. The operating
system supports depending on hardware up to 64 processors. As field of application this server platform is recommended for Computer
Centres and Clusters. The replace of working memory and processors is possible without shutdown of the running operating system. All
server roles are supported.

Windows Web Server 2008 supports up to 4 GB RAM in the 32-bit version and 32 GB RAM in the 64-bit version. As field of application
this server platform is recommended for Web Server and supports only this server role.

Product features of Windows Server 2008 (depending on version):

• Hyper-V, Windows Server Virtualization

• PowerShell new command line

• SMB 2.0 for faster file and printer access

• User Interface like Windows Server 2003

• "Bitlocker" for the complete encoding of the hard disk

• Windows SharePoint Services 3.0

• IIS 7.0 Webserver

• RODC (Read Only Domain Controller)

• NAP (Network Access Protection) to isolate unsafe clients

• WDS (Windows Deployment Services)

• WSRM (Windows System Resource Manager)

• Windows Server Backup

• NLB (Network Load Balancing)

35
The Windows Vista Service Pack 2 of 26th, 2009 brings the operating system up-to-date. In addition to the bug fixes,
the Hyper-V virtualization solution is now an integral part of the operating system. With Windows Server 2008 Standard,
an additional instance is already included in the license, even unlimited in the Windows Server 2008 Datacenter. The
options for authentication over WebDAV redirector were increased and energy management improved. Backward
compatibility to legacy terminal server of license keys with 512 bytes in size is now ensured. Older license keys of Citrix
applications can now be also used to work on Windows Server 2008 Terminal Server.

Screenshots

Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Choice of the language Beginning the Product activation Choice of the Enterprise
installation Vrsion

Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Licence agreement New installation or Target drive for Files are copied
upgrade installation

Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Login screen Overview after Choice of the Server Description for IIS
installation Services

Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Selecting the Features Description for Selecting the Features Confirm of the selected
Dateiserver Services

Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Overview after Startmenu with Tools Command prompt Internet Explorer with
Configuration extended Security

36
 Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008,
Service administration Windows Firewall with Server Manager
extended Security

Versions
Date Version
2007 Oct. Windows Server 2008 Release Candidate 0
2007 Dec. Windows Server 2008 Release Candidate 1
2008 Feb. Windows Server 2008
2009 May Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2
2009 July Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows 7
Microsoft has worked under the code name Windows 7 on the successor of Windows Vista since approximately August 2007. The new
operating system is based on Windows Vista and comes with new programme functions and improvements in detail. Steve Ballmer
talked with a keynote onto the Gartner Symposium IT 2008 on October 16th, 2008, that Windows 7 one Windows Vista is but with
numerous improvements. It shall be release after 2.5 years development time as a new Windows major release. The version number is
not increased to 7.0 but to 6.1 for compatibility reasons. Through this Microsoft wants to prevent problems with programmes which
checks the version number. Microsoft introduced the first Windows 7 test release with the build 6801 on the Professional Developer
Conference in Los Angeles on October 28th, 2008.

Basic data of Windows 7:

• 64 bit and 32 bit version

• Kernel is based on "MinWin", introduced by Eric Traut in October 2007

• new graphic system

• improved language and handwriting recognition, useable over touch screen

• new user interface

• new program menues, with a recent list of the latests file and program functions used

• Windows XP mode (Windows 7 Professional or higher)

The first Windows 7 Release Candidate build 7100 appeared on April 21st, 2009. The operating system can be tested for 30
days without product activation. Microsoft refer as minimum requirements a computer with 1 ghz CPU, 1 gbyte main memory, 16
gbyte free storage and a DirectX 9 graphics card with a WDDM 1.0 driver or higher. Microsoft cooperates closely with Intel so that
Windows 7 can use Hyper-threading still better.
The Release Candidate contains the Windows Media Player 12, Internet Explorer 8 and the Windows Defender 6.1. Optionally the
Windows XP Mode (XPM) can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site for testing purpose. This promises users of Windows 7
Professional and higher to start some older productive Windows XP applications directly from the Windows 7 desktop. To this an
configured, virtual image of Windows XP is installed with Windows Virtual PC. Requirement for the hardware virtualization is a
computer with Intel-VT or AMD-V processor. Otherwise the XPM will not start. For a fast working are 2 gbyte of main memory and

additional 15 gbyte of free hard disk storage recommended.

Screenshots

37
Windows 7 6801, Select Windows 7 6801, Windows 7 6801, Windows 7 6801, Task
the version during Desktop Windows Explorer Manager and Version
install

Windows 7 6801, Windows 7 6801, Paint Windows 7 6801, Windows 7 6801,

Gadgets and WordPad Internet Explorer 8 Beta Windows Solution
Center

Windows 7 6801, User Windows 7 RC1, Select Windows 7 RC1, Windows 7 RC1, start
Account Control of Windows version installation is running animation during
bootup

Windows 7 RC1, Windows 7 RC1, Windows 7 RC1, control Windows 7 RC1,

desktop with opened Windows Explorer and panel with all options settings of the Windows
start menu miniature preview Update

Windows 7 RC1, Windows 7 RC1, system Windows 7 RC1, 3D Windows 7 RC1,

window switching with settings and view of opened miniature preview with
miniature preview transparency effect applications running video, task
manager

Windows 7 RC1, Paint Windows 7 RC1, system Windows 7 RC1, Action Windows 7 RC1,
with list of recent used drive and files, Center with notices preview of pictures with
files command line settings

38
 Windows 7 RC1, Windows 7 RC1, Virtual Windows 7 RC1, Firefox
Windows Firewall Windows XP running as Windows XP
application

Versions
Date Version
2008 Oct. Windows 7 Build 6801 shown on PDC
2009 Oct. Windows 7 is published

Next step them hopes to create the Windows 8 .it’s only code name. that dream be dream of the world .

39