SPECIFICATION FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST

FERRITIC ALLOY STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH-

TEMPERATURE SERVICE

SA-426

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 426-92 except for deletion of grade CP7 in Table 3.)

1. Scope E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled [41⁄2 to

1.1 This specification covers centrifugally cast alloy 12-in. [114 to 305-mm] Steel Castings
steel pipe intended for use in high-temperature, high- E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to
pressure service. 2 in. [51 mm] in Thickness
E 709 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Their
compositions are given in Table 1. 2.2 ANSI Standard:
B46.1 Surface Texture
1.3 Supplementary requirements (Sections S1 through
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
S12) are provided. The supplementary requirements pro-
Section IX Welding Qualifications
vide for additional tests of an optional nature and when
desired shall be so stated in the order (Section 4).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be 3. General Requirements for Delivery
regarded as the standard. 3.1 Material furnished under this specification shall
conform to the applicable requirements of the current
edition of Specification A 530/A 530M unless otherwise
2. Referenced Documents provided herein.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test- 4. Ordering Information
ing of Steel Products 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall
A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements include the following, as required, to describe the desired
for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe material adequately:
A 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy,
and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examina- 4.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of
tion Thereof lengths),
E 44 Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment 4.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
of Metals 4.1.3 Specification number,
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
4.1.4 Grade (Table 1),
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4.1.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum
41⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm] Steel Castings wall thickness),
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test 4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section on Per-
to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of missible Variation in Length of Specification A 530/ A
Ferritic Steels 530M),

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 SA-426 2004 SECTION II

4.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification 8. Test Specimens

A 530/A 530M), 8.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens
4.1.8 Optional Requirements (S1 through S12) Sec- are prepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting
tion 13.1, prolongations.
4.1.9 Test report required (Section on Certification 8.2 When agreed upon between the manufacturer and
of Specification A 530/A 530M), the purchaser, test coupons from which test specimens
4.1.10 Service temperature if over 1000°F [540°C] are prepared shall be cast attached to separate blocks
(Note), and from the same heat as the casting represented. The test
blocks shall be heat treated in the same manner as the
4.1.11 Special requirements or additions to speci- casting represented.
fication.
8.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the
form and dimensions on the standard round 2 in. [50 mm]
5. Materials and Manufacture gage length specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods
5.1 Heat-Treatment —The pipe shall be furnished in and Definitions A 370.
the normalized and tempered or liquid-drenched and tem-
pered condition (Note). The temperature for tempering
9. Number of Tests
shall not be less than 1250°F [677°C] except for Grades
CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, and CP15 for which the tempera- 9.1 One tension and one hardness test shall be made
ture for tempering shall not be less than 1100°F [595°C]. from each heat.
5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the 9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if flaws
pipe has been allowed to cool below the transformation are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen
range. Definition of heat-treatment terms shall be as given may be discarded and another substituted from the
in Definitions E 44. same heat.

NOTE—It is recommended that the temperature for tempering should

be at least 100°F [56°C] above, the intended service temperature. The 10. Retests
purchaser shall advise the manufacturer of the service temperature when 10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat
it is over 1000°F [540°C].
do not conform to the requirements specified, the castings
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5.2 Machining —The pipe shall be machined on the may be reheat-treated and retested, but may not be re-
inner and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater austenitized more than twice.
than 250 ␮in. [6.35 ␮m] arithmetical average deviation
(AA) from the mean line unless otherwise specified as
in B46.1. 11. Hydrostatic Test
11.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested
in accordance with Specification A 530/A 530M.
6. Chemical Analysis 11.2 When agreed to between the manufacturer and
6.1 Heat Analysis —An analysis of each heat shall be the purchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic
made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages test may be deferred and shall be performed later by the
of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be purchaser. Pipe furnished without the hydrostatic test
made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring shall include with the mandatory marking the letters
of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined “NH”. The manufacturer is responsible for the satisfac-
shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. tory performance of the casting when it is tested.
6.2 Product Analysis —A product analysis may be 11.3 When certification is required by the purchaser
made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall and the hydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification
be selected so as to be representative of the pipe being shall clearly state “not hydrostatically tested”. The speci-
analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined fication number and material grade shown on the certifi-
shall conform to the requirements of Table 1. cation shall be followed by the letters “NH”.

7. Tensile and Hardness Requirements 12. Visual Inspection

7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the 12.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from
tensile and hardness requirements specified in Table 2. cracks and hot tears as determined by visual examination.

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-426

Other surface imperfections shall be judged in accordance 14. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
with visual acceptance criteria which may be specified 14.1 Thickness —The wall thickness shall not vary
in the order. over that specified by more than 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]. There
shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness.
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13. Rework and Retreatment

13.1 Defects as defined in Section 13 shall be removed
and their removal verified by visual inspection of the
15. Rejection
resultant cavities. Defects that are located by inspecting
with supplementary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 shall 15.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufac-
be removed or reduced to an acceptable size. turer may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does
not meet the requirements of a specification based on the
13.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon inspection and test method as outlined in the specification,
the minimum wall thickness, the depression may be the pipe may be rejected and the manufacturer shall be
blended uniformly into the surrounding surface. notified. Disposition of rejected pipe shall be a matter of
13.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair
is permitted subject to the purchaser’s approval. The com-
position of the weld rod used shall be suitable for the
composition of the metal being welded. 16. Product Marking
13.3.1 Only welders and procedures qualified in 16.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked
accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, with the manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification
Section IX, shall be used. All repair welds will be number and grade. In addition, heat numbers or serial
inspected to the same quality standards used to inspect numbers that are traceable to heat numbers shall be
the casting. marked on each length of pipe.

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Composition, %

Man- Phospho-
Grade Carbon ganese rus, max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Molybdenum

CP1 0.25 max 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65

CP2 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.61 0.040 0.045 0.10–0.50 0.50–0.81 0.44–0.65
CP5 0.20 max 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.045 0.75 max 4.00–6.50 0.45–0.65
CP5b 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 1.00–2.00 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65
CP9 0.20 max 0.30–0.65 0.040 0.045 0.25–1.00 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.20
CP11 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.045 0.60 max 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65
CP12 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.61 0.040 0.045 0.50 max 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65
CP15 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 0.15–1.65 ... 0.44–0.65
CP21 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50 max 2.65–3.35 0.80–1.06
CP22 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.045 0.60 max 2.00–2.75 0.90–1.20
CPCA15 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.040 0.040 1.50 max 11.5–14.0 0.50 max

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 SA-426 2004 SECTION II

TABLE 2
TENSILE PROPERTIES AND HARDNESS
REQUIREMENTS

Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa):

Grade CP1 65 000 (450)
Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 (485)
Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 (620)
All other grades 60 000 (415)
Yield strength, min, psi (MPa):
Grade CP1 35 000 (240)
Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 (275)
Grades CP5, CP9 60 000 (415)
Grade CPCA15 65 000 (450)
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All other grades 30 000 (205)

Elongation, min, %:A
Grade CP1 24
Grades CP11, CP22 20
Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 18
All other grades 22
Reduction of area, min, %:
Grades, CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15,
CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP9 35
Grade CPCA15 30
Hardness, max, HB:
Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CPCA15 225
All other grades 201
A
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) using a standard round specimen,
in either the transverse or longitudinal direction.

TABLE 3
RESIDUAL ELEMENTS
Total Contents
of These
Copper, Nickel, Chromium, Tungsten, Unspecified
Grade max max max max Elements, max, %

CP1 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00

CP2 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP5 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP5b 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00

CP9 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00

CP11 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP12 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP15 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00
CP21 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP22 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CPCA15 0.50 1.00 ... 0.10 1.50

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-426

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser. Details
of the supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and
purchaser. The specified tests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment
of the castings.

S1. Additional Tension Tests S6. Radiographic Examination

S1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a tem- S6.1 The castings shall be examined for internal
perature to be specified by the customer, and the proper- defects by means of X rays or gamma rays. The inspection
ties to be met are a matter of agreement between the procedure shall be in accordance with Guide E 94 and
purchaser and manufacturer. the types and degrees of discontinuities considered shall
be judged by Reference Radiographs E 186, E 280, or E
446. The extent of the examination and the basis for
S2. Flattening Test acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2.1 The flattening test shall be made on specimens
from one or both ends of each length of pipe. If the
specimen from any end of any length fails to conform to S7. Liquid Penetrant Examination
the requirements of Specification A 530/A 530M, that
S7.1 The castings shall be examined for surface dis-
length shall be rejected.
continuities by means of liquid penetrant inspection. The
method of performing the liquid penetrant test shall be
in accordance with Practice E 165. The areas to be
S3. Photomicrographs inspected, the methods and types of liquid penetrants
S3.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicro- to be used, the developing procedure, and the basis for
graph at 100 diameters from one specimen of as-finished acceptance shall be as specified on the inquiry or invita-
pipe from each heat in each heat-treatment lot. Such tion to bid and on the purchase order or contract or both,
photomicrographs shall be suitably identified as to pipe as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
size, wall thickness, and heat. Such photomicrographs are
for information only, to show the actual metal structure
of the pipe as furnished. No photomicrographs for the S8. Magnetic Particle Inspection
individual pieces furnished shall be required except as S8.1 The castings shall be examined by magnetic
specified in Section S4. particle inspection. The inspection procedure used shall
be in accordance with Practice E 709. The extent of
examination and the basis for acceptance shall be subject
S4. Photomicrographs for Individual Pieces to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
chaser.
S4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish photomicro-
graphs from one or both ends of each pipe. All photomi-
crographs required shall be properly identified as to heat S9. Ultrasonic Inspection
number, size, and wall thickness of pipe from which
S9.1 The castings shall be examined ultrasonically in
the section was taken. Photomicrographs shall be further
accordance with Practice A 609/A 609 M. The extent of
identified to permit association of each photomicrograph
the examination and the basis of acceptance shall be
with the individual length of pipe it represents.
subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.

S5. Metal Structure and Etching Tests

S5.1 Etching tests shall be made on transverse sec- S10. Residual Elements
tions from the pipe and shall reveal the macrostructure S10.1 An analysis for the elements specified in Table
of the material. Such tests are for information only. 3 shall be included in those analyses specified in Section

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6. The chemical composition thus determined shall con- below the minimum average specified and no value per-
form to the requirements of Table 3. mitted below the minimum specified for a single
specimen.
S11.3 Lateral Expansion Value, shall be agreed upon
S11. Charpy Impact Test by the manufacturer and purchaser.
S11.1 Charpy impact test properties shall be deter- S11.4 Perfect Shear Area, shall be agreed upon by the
mined on each heat from a set of three Charpy V-notch manufacturer and purchaser.
specimens. The test coupons shall be taken as specified
for tension specimens in Section 8 and tested at a test
temperature agreed upon by the manufacturer and pur- S12. Drop Weight Test
chaser. The acceptance requirements shall be either S12.1 Drop weight test properties shall be determined
energy absorbed or lateral expansion or percent shear by preparing and testing either Type P1, P2, or P3 speci-
area, and shall be that agreed upon by the manufacturer mens in accordance with Test Methods E 208. The test
and purchaser. Test specimens shall be prepared as Type coupons shall be taken as specified for tension specimens
A and tested in accordance with Test Methods and Defi- in Section 8. The crack starter weld shall be deposited
nitions A 370. on the surface of the specimen which was nearest to the
casting surface. Each test shall consist of at least two
S11.2 Absorbed Energy Value, of three specimens specimens tested at a temperature agreed upon by the
shall not be less than that agreed upon by the manufacturer manufacturer and purchaser. Each specimen shall exhibit
and purchaser, with no more than one value permitted a “no break” performance.

804
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