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Lesson 8

Students will be able to : 1. Describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1,2 and 3 including the 4s orbital. 2. Describe the shape of the orbitals. 3. Write the electronic configuration of atoms and ions.

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475 views

Lesson 8

Students will be able to : 1. Describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1,2 and 3 including the 4s orbital. 2. Describe the shape of the orbitals. 3. Write the electronic configuration of atoms and ions.

Uploaded by

MarcTnn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson Plan

Lesson: Atomic Orbitals

Aim: 1. To investigate atomic orbitals in terms of their relative energies, shape and symmetry.
2. To investigate the filling of orbitals according to their energy and the pairing of electrons.

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :


1. describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers
1,2 and 3 including the 4s orbital.
2. describe the shape of the s and p orbitals.
3. write the electronic configuration of atoms and ions.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already :


1. be familiar with the concept of energy levels or electron shells.
2. be able to give the electronic arrangement of an atom (eg. 2.8.8.1)

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.


2. Enabling the students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity. The pop-up
answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their responses. Worksheet
questions include questions that require recall, understanding and application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 1


Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources


1 Set Induction. • Teacher quizzes students on the simple
(Ascertaining prior electronic configuration of the elements
knowledge and with proton number from 1 – 20.
introducing lesson
topic for the day). • Teacher to introduce lesson objectives.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 and 2 • Courseware


with the students.

• Activity 1 : Relative energies


Students get to compare the relative
energies of the various subshells within
each electron shell. They will get the
chance to witness the filling of the
orbitals in each subshell and be led to
understand the principle behind the filling
of these orbitals.

• Activity 2 : Shape and symmetry


Students get to view how the shape of
the s and p orbitals are determined from
the density of an electron around the
nucleus. They will be able to
compare the relative size of the 1s and 2s
orbitals and the orientation of the px, py
and pz orbitals.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet


student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Website


activities on their own. • Reference
books

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 2


Worksheet Answers.

1. Relative energies

1.1 a. i. This states that the orbitals of a subshell must be occupied singly and with parallel spins before
they can be occupied in pairs with opposing spins.

Oxygen : 2p

The electrons in the 2p orbitals are placed in different orbitals of the same energy with parallel
spin before they are paired.

ii. An orbital cannot contain more than two electrons and even then only if they have opposite
spins. Examples are 1s and 2s orbitals of an oxygen atom.

1s 2s

1.2 a. As : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3

b. As3- because by gaining three electrons, As would have a stable electronic configuration of a
noble gas.

1.3 Fe : 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

Fe2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d6

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 3


1.4 a. F

1s 2s 2p

b. Al3+

1s 2s 2p

c. Ca

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s

d. H-
1s

e. Co2+

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d

1.5 a. Cations are positive ions formed when atoms lose one or more electrons.
b. 20
c. 1s22s22p63s3p64s2
d. By losing two 4s electrons, atom A would form an ion with a stable electronic
configuration (a full shell).
e. calcium

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 4


2. Shape and Symmetry

2.1 a. Orbitals are regions of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding
electrons.

b.

1s 2s

The 1s orbital is a smaller sphere compared to the 2s orbital.

2.2 a.

b. The electronic configuration of chromium is 4s13d5 because the 3d orbitals which are half-filled
with electrons have extra stability.

c. Number of neutrons : 74 – 34 = 40
Electronic configuration : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4

2.3 a. i. 1s22s22p2
ii. carbon

b. i. 12
ii. 24

c. i. -3
ii. By receiving three more electrons, the nitrogen ion would have a stable full shell
electronic configuration.

© 2003 Ministry Of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. 5

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