AM-FM models

HEWLET'IE PACKARD SIGNAL GENERATORS 8640A

8640B
0.5 to 512 MHz
8640A

This solid-state signal generator

- features outstanding spectral purity
and stability, extremely wide output range along with fully calibrated
and metered modulation for the most stringent measurement applications.

86408

This general-purpose signal generator has all the performance features

of the 86404' plus synthesizer stability with:
O lnternal Phase Lock Synchronizer
o Six-Digit LED Frequency Readout
o External Count Capability to 55O MHz
Models 8640A/8 Page 3

A Stable CW Source
o Frequency Rangez 45O kHz to 55O MHz
a Calibrated, Leveled Output: +19 to -14S dBm
(2 V to O.O13 pV)
. Stability: (1O ppm/1O min (A640A and 8640E}
unlocked)
o lnternal Phase Lock for Synthesizer Stabitity:
(5 x 10-8/hr (8640El)
o Nonharmonic Spurious: >1OO dB down (none
detectable on 86404)
O Residual FM: (5 Hz in a O.3 to 3 kHz
bandwidth
o Wideband Noise: >14O dB.lHz below carrier
The wide power range, high stability, and spectral purity of the 8640 make it ideal for testing high.performance
communications receivers.

A High Performance AM Generator

Calibrated, Metered AM: O lo lOOo/o

a Envelope Distortion: .--1%o to 5Oolo AM

a Modulation Rates to 1OO kHz; ac or dc coupled

lncidental PM: (O.3 radians peak

a External Pulse Capability: pulse width to (1 prs

The low incidental modulation and low distortion of the 8640 commend it for AM receiver tests.

A Precision FM Generator
o Fully calibrated FM deviation; constant with fre-
quency and band change
o Modulation Rates to 25O kHz; ac or dc coupled
o lnternal FM, metered, accurate to +9o/o of
reading
Close-in Noise: >13O dBlHz down at 20 kHz
offset
FM during lnternal Phase Lock Operation
(8640El only)

The fully calibrated and metered FM makes FM receiver testing with the 8640 fast, simple, and accurate.
Page 4 Models 8640A/B

General Description

The 8640 signal generator covers the frequency range modulation for a wide range of receiver test applica-
500 kHz to 5L2 MHz [450 kHz to 550 MHz with bancl tions. AM and FM can be performed independently or
over-rangeJ and can be extencled to 1100 MHz with an simultaneously in either the internal or external modes.
external doubler. An optional built-in audio oscillator This modulation is calibrated and metered for direct
is also available to extend the CW output range of the readout under all operating conditions.
generator down to 2O Hz.
The output level range of the generator is *19 to This broad coverage, together with calibrated output
-145 dBm [2 V to 0.013 lrVJ ancl is ]eveled to within and modulation, provicles for complete RF and IF per-
10.5 dB across the full frequency range. formance tests on virtually any type of HF, VHF, and
The BOaOA/B generators provide AM, FM, and puise UHF receivers.

Spectrally Pure Output Signals

Noise performance of the 8640 is state of the art for by approximately 6 dB for each division of the output
a solid-state generator. The high-Q cavity oscillator has frequency down to the broadband noise floor of better
been optimized with use of a low noise microwave tran- than 140 dB/Hz. This exceptional noise performance
sistor lor spectrally pure output signals. Figure 1 shows is also preserved during FM modulation and in the
the typical single sideband noise performance stated in phase locked mode of the 86408.
a 1 Hz bandwidth for various offsets from a 256 and
5'1,2 MHz carrier. The low ciose-in noise characteristic The basic frequency source of the 8640,4/8 is a
is ideally suited for the stringent adjacent channel tests mechar.rically tuned high-Q cavity oscillator that oper-
that are commonly made on a wide variety of communi- ates ovel the frequency range 230 - 550 MHz. This
cation receivers. oscillator has an inherent. stability of better than 10
ppm/ro min and exceptionally low noise characteris-
Figure 2 is a piot of the guaranteed SSB noise per- tics, The lower g frequency ranges are obtained by
formance for a 20 kHz offset from the carrier for any divlding the basic oscillator frequency and filtering
RF output frequency. From 230 to 450 MHz, noise is the unwar.rted harmonics. Using this technique, sub-
)130 dB/Hz beiow the carrier level and rises to 122 harmonic and nonharmonic spurious are virtually elimi-
dB/Hz at 550 MHz. This signal-to-noise ratio increases nated.

€ -110
3 :
E
c
c0 6
T i -rzo

o |ilt
230"450 MHz
.E
.9
h -130
o

Nl|il
3 B

c0
ll.Llllll -9
c0
c0 -140
6 E
!

-r 50
1 kHz 't 0 kHz 100 kHz

Figure 1. Measured Single Sideband Noise vs. 0ffset from Carrier. (256 Figure 2. Specified Signal-to-Phase Noise Ratio aI 20 k1z 0ffset vs.
and 512 MHz Carrier Frequencies on 256-512 MHz Band.) Markers in" Carrier Frequency (MHz). For lower frequencies phase noise decreases
dicate specified limits. approximately 6 dB per frequency division down to the broadband noise
floor.
 Models S640A/B Page 5

Mechanical Dial or Built-In Counter

86404 X100 EXPAND mode, the resolution is 100 Hz at 500
The 86404 has an easy-to-read slide rule dial with MHz and O.'L Hz at 500 kHz.
different scales for each of the 10 output frequency During the expand operation, an OVERFLOW light
ranges. There is an additional scale, to provide direct indicates when significant digits have been shifted off
readout of the output frequency even for the EX- the display. When the EXTERNAL DOUBLER band,
TERNAL DOUBLER band, 512 - 1.024 MHz. 5'1,2 to '1,O24 MHz, is selected, the counter will auto-
Frequency accuracy is better than 0.b% and vernier matically display the doubled output frequency.
marks are provided on the FREQUENCY TUNE control
to allow for frequency resettability of better than External Count Capability
0.1%. The AUX RF OUTPUT on the rear panel can be The built-in counter can also be used to count ex-
used for connecting to an external frequency counter. ternal input signals from 20 Hz to 550 MHz and elimi-
nates the need for a separate frequency counter in many
B64OB measurement systems. Input sensitivity is (100 mV
The 86408 incorporates a built-in 550 MHz counter into 50 O. Using the EXPAND buttons, it is possible to
for displaying the output frequency. The normal reso- achieve a resolution of L Hz in the 0 - 10 MHz EX-
lution of the 6-digit counter can be increased using the TERNAL count mode or 100 Hz in the 0 - 550 MHz
X10 or X100 EXPAND buttons near the display, In the mode.

v o
l'r, ti '

\*-'
",(d
LQ
Figure 3. 8640A Mechanical Dial Scale. Figure 4. 8640B Six-Digit Counter.

Synthesizer Stability in Phase-Locked Mode

Also included in the 86408 is a built-in phase lock Maximum resolution in the locked mode is 1 kHz at
synchronizer that locks the RF output frequency to the 500 MHz, increasing to 1Hz at 500 kHz.
crystal time base used in the counter. In this locked
mode, the output stability is better than b x 10-8/hr Phase Lock Fine Tuning
and the spectral purity and FM capability of the un- If an output frequency between lock points is re-
locked mode are preserved, For higher stability, it is quired, a TIME BASE VERNIER is provided with a
possible to lock to an externally applied 5 MHz stand-
total range of t2g ppm. This fine tunes the internal
ard. Two 86408's can also be locked together for vari- crystal time base and allows for setting the output
ous 2-tone measurements. frequency between Iock points. This gives continuous
coverage of all output frequencies even in the phase
Pushbutton Operation locked mode. An UNCAL light near the vernier will
Phase locking the 86408 is simple-just push the indicate when this mode has been selected.
front panel LOCK button. Lock is established at the
frequency shown on the LED display. If lock is broken FM While Phase Locked
[for example by tuning to a new output frequency), When phase locked, full FM capability is preserved
there is an immediate indication: the LED display down to modulation rates of (50 Hz. The narrow band-
flashes. Lock can be re-established with the LOCK width of the phase lock loop ((5 Hzl provides for FM
pushbutton. modulation up to 250 kHz rates and assures no degrada-
Lock can be achieved in the normal mode of the tion in noise from the unlocked mode. This high sta-
counter or in the X10 EXPAND mode if the OVER- bility, coupled with the precision modulation and low
FLOW light is not on. It is not possible to lock in the noise, makes the 86408 ideal for testing narrowband
X100 EXPAND mode or when counting external inputs. FM or crvstal controlled receivers.
Page 6
Models 8640A/B

Amplitude Modulation
AM is variable from 0 to 100% with the bandwidth,
accuracy, and low lncidental FM required for the most 3 dB Bandwidths I 90"/. 1 70%
stringent AM applications. The front panel meter gives I
a direct readout of AM percent in either the internal or ^7
L6
external mode and autoranges the 0 - 100% scale at c

O - 30o/" for improved settability at low modulation

€s 90v"

depth.
f+
o3
Specified
at 1 kHz rate
E
AM bandwidths up to 100 kHz are available, de- <2
pending on carrier frequency and modulation depths. 1

Distortion is specified at 4oo Hz and 1000 Hz to be 1Lo/o 0

40 60 80 100
up to 507. AM, <3% at 70"/o AM, and (5% at 90% 20 30 40 50
lc 8-512 MHz
fc 2-B MHz
AM. Figure 5 shows measured AM distortion character- 10 '15 20 25 fu 0.5*2 tMHz
AM Bate {kHz}
istics for other modulation frequencies. Note that for
0-50% AM, distortion is (1% to approximately b0 Figure 5. AM distortion vs. AM rate measured at 200 MHz and
kHz for an output frequency from B to 51.2 MiHz. a13 dBm,
representative of all banCs.

Pulse Modulation
AIso included on the Alv{ fur.rction switch is a posi-
tion for external PULSE modulation. In this mode, pulse
inputs rvith repetition lates to 500 kHz and widths
down to 1 /,s can be appliecl to modulate the RF carrier.
Rise ancl fall times vary r,r'ith output frequencv down
to (0,5 ,,s frorn 32 to 512 N4Hz.
Pulse inputs iurn the RF on. Hence with no pulse
input the RF rvill read approximately zero on the built-
in level meter. For pulse inputs within the specilied
range, the RF output calibration is preserved and lhe
ps/div.
level meter reads the peak pulse power of the RF out-
2
put. For repetition rates below that specified, the pulsed
RF output is still available but the peak pulse level is
Figure 6. Pulsed RF at 20 MHz Carrier Frequency no longer calibrated or metered.

Frequency Modulation
FM is calibrated, metered, and the deviation remains the 86404 or the 86408 in the unlocked mode, it is
constant with frequency and band changes. Peak devia- possible to moclulate from clc to 25O kHz with a carrier
tions to at least 0.5%, of carrier frequency are available. stability of (ro ppm,/10 min.
On the 256 - 512 N4Hz band, for example, the maxi-
mun.r deviation is 2.56 lvlHz peak or 5.i2 MHz peak-to-
peak. With this wide deviation capability, it is possible
6
to sweep the 8640, using the dc coupled Flr4^mode and
a sawtooth input to test and align IF filters and dis- 5

criminators. 4
to
o 3 lor-\Fat
For narrowband FN{ applicatior.rs, a minimum full o
1 kHz rate $$a4}i
scale cleviation of 5 kHz is proviclecl on the meter and 2
I -.s
the PEAI( DEVIATION range srvitch. When swiiching 1

from the CW to FN{ mocle, there is negligible shift in

0
carrier frequency and no degradation in spectral purity 40 60
for these narrow deviations. With thc 86408 in the FM Rate {kHz)
phase locked mode it is possible to moclulate at rates
from 50 Hz to 25O kFIz w-ith accurate narrowband FM Figure 7. FlVl distortion vs. FM rate measured in the 8 - 16 MHz band,
and the carrier stability of a crystal oscillator. Using representative of all bands.
Models 8640A/B Page 7

Audio Oscillator Built-In

Standard Optional
Standard tones A built-in, variable-frequency oscillator covering the
for internal modu- range 20 Hz to 600 kHz is also available on both the
lation are 4OO Hz 8640A and Boa0B. Fixed tones of +00 Hz and 1000 Hz
to 1000 Hz. These are also provided.
tones are available
at the front panel Output from this modulation oscillator is separately
and calibrated in available at the front panel and calibrated in level from
output level from 1 3 V to 10 mV into 600 O. When installed, this modu-
V to 10 mV into lation oscillator, Option 001, extends the usable CW

.:
FM

600 O. Total har- range of the 8640 down to 2OHz.

monic distortion is
@^"., typically <0,25%.

Multifunction Meter and Annunciators

Autoranging Meter annunciator lights, the FM is automatically turned off,
The front panel meter on the 8640 monitors three the FM meter reads zero, and a lower PEAK DEVIA-
separate functions. The RF output level, the AM per- TION must be selected.
centage, and the FM peak deviation in kHz or MHz. The REDUCE FM VERNIER annunciator comes on
Pushbuttons are provided to select the meter function, whenever the external FM input and FM vernier setting
and scale lights indicate the range on which the meter combine to exceed the maximum deviation indicated on
reading should be made. For RF output level and AM%, the PEAK DEVIATION range switch. When this occurs,
the scales autorange for maximum resolution. For FN{ either the FM vernier or the amplitude of the incoming
modulation, the appropriate scale is selected automaii- modulation signal should be reduced to obtain specified
cally with the PEAK DEVIATION range switch. FM performance.

Front Panel Annunciators

Three front panel annunciators are provided to indi-
cate when certain settings of RF level and modulation
controls exceed specified limits. Besides giving a warn-
ing indication, the annunciators instruct the operator
how to return the instrument to proper operation.
The REDUCE PEAK POWER annunciator lights
whenever the combined settings of RF output Ievel and
: :il ,, i:r:
AM modulation exceed the maximum specified output rfn
oFf I

Ep
level of *19 dBm. Hence for 100% AM, the REDUCE . so@utror o-root
::.. :.: PEAX OEIIATOT

PEAK POWER Iight will stay on until the RF level is t'

.a 2.56,
MH, <d
reduced to *13 dBm. .' -'. lto
; 'L\
The REDUCE PEAI( DEVIATION annunciator lights
whenever the PEAK DEVIATION switch has been set
to exceed the specified peak deviation limits. The speci-
"\\1rJ"i "/
'l'st----/
fication on the 8640 provides for a maximum peak de-
viation of lok of minimum frequency in each band
[e.g.,2.56 MHz on the 256 -5'].2MHz band]. When this
""r 6-l
v w_@ v-i/

Accurate Output Levels

The wide output The maximum output level of *19 dBm permits high
rangeof the 8640 is Ievel tests on receiver IF's, amplifiers, and mixers with-
achieved with a 10 dB out additional power amplification. At the same time,
step attenuator and a extremely low leakage ensures receiver sensitivity
20 dB concentric ver- measurements down to levels of 0.03 microvolt in a
nier. Output levels can shielded system.
be read directly on the Using a power meter and calibrating the output for
attenuator dial or us- one output frequency and vernier setting, it is possible
ing the autoranging to make sensitivity measurements to better than i1 dB
meter shown above. accuracy down to output ievels of -1,27 dBm.
Page 8

External Doubler Operation

The HP 116S0A Frequency Doubler is designed to doubled output frequency when the 572 lo 7O24
extend the 8640A or 86408 frequency range by range is selected, For FM in the doubled range, an
doubling the 256 - 51.2 MHz Frequency Band up to additional position on the PEAK DEVIATION
1.O24 MHz fto 1100 MHz with band over-range). Its RANGE switch allows peak deviation up to 5.72
recommended input level for optimum performance MHz.
with AM modulation is *10 dBm. This doubler The following specifications describe the 11690,{
comes in a BNC package, has a conversion loss of when used with the 8640A or 86408:
approximately 12 dB and remains level within !1 dB
over its full frequency range. Input Required: *10 to *19 dBm [0.707 V to 2 VJ
The 86404 has a dial scale for the 512 to 7024 MHz Conversion Loss: (12 dB
external doubler band to indicate the correct doubled Level Flatness: 2 dB total variation
output frequency. The 86408 also anticipates the Suppression of 1st and 3rd harmonic of input:
use of an external doubler by displaying the conect typicaily >20 dB

l.: ."
*'
HP 11687A
HP 115074 50-75 O Adapter
Output Termination
,'',3t""
50 - 75 O Adapter with Type N connectors
This
isrecommended for use with the 8640A/8 for
The 115074 Output Termination is a feed- measurements in 75 f,) systems. The voltage cali-
through device having a 50 O input impedance bration on the output level meter is unaffected by
and a three-position rotary switch to control at- use of the adapter, but a correction of 1.76 dB
tenuation and output impedance. With a fre- must be made when using the dB scale.
quency range of 50 kHz to 65 MHz, this multi-
purpose termination enhances the usefulness of
the 86404/B in the HF range by providing:
1. A matched 50 O termination for use into high
impedance circuits. HP11509A -.-1\
2. A 20 dB [L0:1J terminated voltage divider Fuseholder .- \ "4
which reduces the source impedance to 5 o. s
3. A dummy antenna having the IEEE standard The 11509,4, Fuseholder protects the output cir-
characteristics for receiver measurements cuitry of the 8640 against inadvertent transmitter
[driven from a 10:1 divider, frequency range keying when the generator is used in transceiver
0.54 to 23 MHz). tests. Burnout occurs whenever the reverse power
to the RF output terminal exceeds approximately
0.4 W. When installed, a t/rcA fast fuse element
is introduced between the generator and trans-
ceiver, and the output characteristics of the gener-
HP 105144 ator are virtually unaffected. Insertion loss is (1
Double-Balanced Mixer dB and output VSWR of the fuseholder is <1.35.

This mixer is recommended for use with the

8640A/8 for a variety of AM, video, and pulse HP 5300A/53038
applications. Rise and fall times are better than 1
525 MHz Counter .c
U9 1--T ar-
nsec and the ON-OFF ratio is greater than 35 dB.
Careful balancing of the hot-carrier diodes pro-
vides excellent suppression of the local oscillator For low-cost frequency b2b
and input frequencies at the output port. The fre- MHz, the HP 53004/53038 "ouffiffito
can be driven from
quency range of the 10514A is 0.2 to 500 MHz, the auxiliary output of the 8640A Signal Gen-
and conversion loss is (9 dB. erator.
Models 86404/B Page 9

{All specificatio_ns apply over the nominal Frequency Bands and over the top 10 dB of the output level vernier
range unless otherwise specified.)

Frequency Characteristics
Range: 500 kHz to 5L2 MHz in 10 Octave Bands Fine Tuning:
{to 7O24 MHz with External Frequency DoublerJ. 86404 and 86408 unlocked: )200 ppm total range.
86408 locked mode: >120 ppm by varying internal
Bands and Band Overlap: Bands extend 10% below
time base vernier.
and 7'/" above the nominal Frequency Bands shown
below.
Stability:
Frequency Range [MHz) Normal Locked [s640BI
Frequency Bands [MHz] (with overlap)
Time
0.5-1 0.45 - 1,07 fafter 2-hr. (10 ppm/10 min (0.05 ppm/hr
1,-2 0.9 - 2.7 warm-up)
2-4 1,.8 - 4.2
4-8 Temperature
3.6 - 8.5
(50 ppm/'C (2 ppm total
8-16 7.2 - 77.7 [room ambient
15o to 35oCJ variation
16-32 14.4 - 34.3
32-64 28,B - 68,7 Line Voltage
64 - L28
728 - 256
57.5 - 1,37.5
{*s% to -10% line (1 ppm (0.1 ppm
71,5 - 275 voltage changeJ
256 - 51,2 230 - 550
Load
External Doubler Bandl 460 - 1100 [open to short (1 ppm
572 - tO24 circuit)
Level Change
Internal Counter Resolution (86408): (1
[10 dB on output ppm None
Frequency Bands Normal Expand Expand level vernier)
(MHz) Mode x10 x100 Mode Change The greater of
0.5-1 'J.OHz lHz O.1. Hz {CW to FMJ Hz or (0.5 7o
'l,OO

1-16 'l.OHz of selected peak

LOOHz 1. Hz
deviation
16 -728 lkHz 100 Hz lOHz
128 -7024 10 kHz l kHz 100 Hz
Restabilization Time:
Accuracy: Locked Mode
8640A, mechanical dial; accuracy better than 0.5%; Normal Mode [86408)
resettability better than 0.1%.
After frequency (15 min
86408, 6-digit LED display with X10 and X100 ex- change
Pand; accuracy depends on internal or external None
reference used, After band change None After
lrotul I [co,rnt., I h"furun"" I After 1 min in RF
(10 min
Relocking
lcount l=lnesolutiorrl +lE..o. l* OFF Mode
la""u.".vj L(*r.o,"ttil [r5r or EXTI
Internal Crystal Aging Rate <2 i ln the External Doubler Band, the 86408 counter and 86404 diat will display
the.actual d0ubled output frequency, and the FM meter indicates the proper
Internal Reference Error <-F peak deviation.

fwhen calibrated at 25oC and 2 These speciiications are given for the 86408 internal reference. When using
an external reference, drift in the locked mode will depend on the external
operating between 15oC and 35oCJ reference characteristics.
Page 10 Models 8640A/8

v
Spectral Purity

Harmonics: fat 1 volt, *13 dBm output range and be- Residual AM: fSingle Side Band]
low)
>35 dB below fundamental of 0.5 to 728 MHz. Post-detection Bandwidth
>30 dB below fundamental of 728 to 512 MHz. 300 Hz to 3 kHz 2OHzto 15 kHz
Subharmonics and Nonharmonic Spurious: (excluding )85 dB down )78 dB down
frequencies within 1,5 kHz of carrier whose effects
are specified in Residual AM and FM) Residual FM:
8640,{: None detectable. CW and up to
86408: >100 dB below carrier. Ya maximum Up to maximum
Noise: Averaged RMS noise level below carrier stated allowable peak allowable peak
inalHzbandwidth. deviation deviation
SSB Phase Noise at 2O kl{z offset from carrier, [See 300 Hz 2OHz 300 Hz 2OHz
Post-detection to to to to
Figures 1 and 2, page 4.) Bandwidth
256 MHz to 572 MHz: )130 dB from 230 to 450 3 kHz 15 kHz 3 kHz L5 kHz
MHz increasing linearly to )L22 dB down at 230 to 550 MHz <5 Hz (j5H2 175H2 (30 Hz
550 MHz.
0.5 MHz to 256 MHz: Decreases approx. 6 dB for Note: Residual FM decreases by approximately % for
each divided frequency range until limited by broad-
each divided frequency range until it reaches band noise floor. This limit for 300 Hz to 3 kHz is
SSB Broadband noise floor of >140 dB. about 1 Hz, and fot 2O Hz to 15 kHz is about 4 Hz.
SSB Broadband noise floor at maximum vernier. [See These are measured values in the 230 to 550 MHz
Figures 1 and 2, page 4.J range and calculated for divided ranges, knowing the
0.5 to 512 MHz: )140 dB, noise distribution.

v
Output Characteristies
Range: Continuously selectable from *19 to -145 dBm Level Accuracy:
[2 V to 0.013 pVJ into 50 o.
Using
Level Flatness; (i0.5
dB from 0.5 to 512 MHz referred Using Top 10 dB of FulI
to output at 50 MHz. (Flatness applies to 1 V output Vernier Range Vernier
range and below and for top 10 dB of vernier range.) Range

Impedance: 50 O, VSWR (2.0 on 2 V and 1 V output Output Level

+19 -7 -47 -737
ranges; (1.3 on all other ranges, to to to to
IdBm)
-7 -47 -137 -745
Auxiliary Output: Rear panel BNC output is )-5 dBm
Total Accuracy
into 50 f,), source impedance is approximately 500 O. +1.5 dB -f2.0 dB *2.5 dB +'3 dB
as Indicated on
teakage: fWith all unused outputs terminated properly.) tevel Meter
Leakage limits are below those specified in MIL-I- Note: Level Accuracy error consists of allowances
6181D. Furthermore, less than 3 pV is induced in a for: meter accuracy, detector linearity, temperature,
2-turn, l-inch diameter loop 1 inch away from any flatness, attenuator accuracy, and twice the measure-
surface and measured into a 50 O receiver, and less ment error. All but the attenuator accuracy and the
than 1 ptV, 2 inches away. This permits receiver sensi- measurement errol can be calibrated out with a
tivity measurements to at least (0.03 pV in a shielded power meter at a fixed frequency and a fixed vernier
system. setting.
\{odels 8640A/B Page 11

Modulation Characteristics
General
Types: Internal AM and FM. Optional: {Internal Variable Audio Oscillator Option
External AM, FM, and PULSE. 001, 86404 or B640BJ
Simultaneous AM and FM or pulse and FM, Frequency: Variable 2O Hz to 600 kHz, :h10% in
5-decade continuous bands plus fixed +oo Hz and
Internal Modulation Sources: findependently adjustable 1 kHz i2o/".
output is available at front panelJ Output Level: Indicated 10 mV to 3 V. Accuracy
:t20% into 600 O.
Standard: 8640A or 86408.
Level Flatness: [referenced to 2 kHz on X100 range)
Frequency: Fixed 400 Hz and 7kH4 t2'/". :L0.25 dB 200H2 to 100 kHz
Output Level: Indicated 10 mV to L V rms. Accu- i0.5 dB 2O Hz to 600 kHz
racy +20"/o into 600 O. Total Harmonic Distortion:
10.251" 4oo Hz and 1 kHz fixed tones
<0.5 % 2oHzto 2kHz
17.O Yo 2kHz to 600 kHz
Amplitude Modulation
IAM specifications apply to the top 10 dB of output vernier range unless otherwise specified)
Depth: 0 to 100% for output level range of *13 dBm External AM Sensitivily: O.7o/" AM per mV peak into
and below and for top 10 dB of vernier range. 600 O with AM vernier at full CW position.

"Y,l-TT;,tH "ffrttl,l'; '.: i"J"r% ij"tul,il;* Externar AM sensitivity Accuracy: i400 Hz and 1 kHz
rates)
below. i5% for o to 9o% AM'
AM g dB Bandwidrh:
Frequency 0to Indicated AM Accuracy: {400 Hz and L kHz rates using
Bands 50% AM TOV> AM 90% AM internal meter)
lB% of reading on 0 - 10 scale.
0.5 - 2 MHz 25kHz 2OkHz L2.5kHz 19% of reading on 0 - 3 scale (for greater than 10%
2-8MHz 50 kHz 40 kHz 25kHz of full scale).
B-5]"2MHZ 100 kHz B0 kHz 50 kHz
Peak Incidental PM fat 30% AM)
AM Distortion: fat 400 Hz and 1 kHz rates]
Less than 0.15 radians, 0.5 to 1.28 MHz
Frequency Less than 0.3 radians, L28 Io 5L2 MHz.
Bands 0 to 50% AM 7lo/o LM 90% AM
Peak Incidental FM: Equals PEAK INCIDENTAL PM
0.5 to 512 MHz <1o/o <3% <5% x MODULATION FREQUENCY.

Pulse Modulation
Frequency
Bands (MHz) 0.5-1 7-2 2-4 4-8 8-32 32 -572
Rise and
Fall Times
(9 pis (4 ps 12 p.s (1.5 ps <-t,.b rs (0.5 ps

Pulse 50 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz
Repetition to to to to
Rate 50 kHz 100 kHz 25OkHz 500 kHz
Pulse Width Minimum
for level accuracy within 1o p.s 5ps 2ps 1ps
1 dB of CW (>0.1% duty cycle)
Pulse ON/OFF ratio
at maximum vernier >40 dB

Peak Input Required >1 V (5 V max.l Sinewave or Pulse return to zero into 50 o.
Page 72 Models 8640A/B

v
Frequency Modulation
Deviation: Maximum allowable deviation equals 1'/" of FM 3 dB Bandwidth:3
lowest frequency in each band as below. Internal and External ac; 2O Hz to 25O kHz
External dc; dc to 25OkHz.
Frequency Maximum Peak FM Distortion: fat 400 and 1 kHz rates)
Band Deviation (1% for deviations up to % maximum allowable.
IMHz) [kHz) (3% for maximum allowable deviation.
0.5-1 5
External FM Sensitivity: 1 volt peak yields maximum
7-2 10
deviation indicated on PEAK DEVIATION switch
with FM vernier at full CW position.
2-4 20
4-B 40 External FM Sensitivity Accuracyt tl"h from 15o to
350c.
I-16 BO
76 -32 160 Indicated FM Accuracy: (using internal meter) t9% of
32-64 320 meter reading ffor greater than 1.ooh of. full scaleJ.
64 -728 640 Incidental AM: [at 4oo Hz and 1 kHz rates]
728 - 256 12BO <0.5% AM for FM up to % max. allowable deviation.
256 -572 2560 <1% AM for FM at maximum allowable deviation.
572 -7024 51,20 3 With 8640s in LoCKED M0DE, external FM is possible only for rates greater
than 50 Hz.

Counter Characteristics (86408)

External RF Input: Internal Reference Characteristics: (after 2-hr. warm-up)
Frequency Range: 2O Hz to 550 MHz. Accuracy: {after calibration at 25oC)
Sensitivity: >100 mV rms into 50 O. Better than i1 ppm for 15" to 35oC.
Better than 13 ppm for 0 to 55oC.
v
External Count Resolution: 6-digit LED DISPLAY
Drift Rate: [constant temperature and line voltage]
Mode Normal Expand X10 Expand X100 (0.05 ppm over any hour period.
't Hz
(2 ppm per year.
0-10MHz 100 Hz TOHz
0 - 550 MHz 10 kHz lkHz 100 Hz Frequency Tuning:
>120 ppm using internal time base vernier.
External Reference Input: 5 MHz, )0.2 V [5 V maxi- Rear Output: )0.5 V pk-pk into 500 o. This will drive
mum) into 1000 O. another 86408.

General Characteristics
Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 55oC. Dimensions:

-lll
NOTES h e.l rrz:r ---1
Power Requirements: 100, 12o,22o, and 240 volts, *5%, G)E'^Mq{,c.,,(*u
rrD trrL!rr€rERsr
_i::#"-:J'.'-:*'.*"0\c'(.^00i3lo
-7oo/o, 48 to 44o Hz; L75 VA max. 71/z ft (2,29 m)
power cable furnished with mains plug to match @{dfrcxa€a$

destination requirements. TOP

'- ,e*

Weight: 86404 and 86408: Net, 45 lb (20,4 kg). Ship- I

ping, 53 lb {24,1 kg), @':" i

I
L
ll
Price: 8640A, $e,rOO. 86408, $+,+SO.

... ,---- -,-,.. t9 .P 6'+

[-"{E
4
-T
Option 001: flnternal variable audio oscillalor, 20 Hz
to 600 kHzJ available on both 8640A and 86408, add sr0€ .,' @

$rso. .r_l

5952-l I OaD PIIXTED IX U.S.A.