BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester I, 2016-17 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) Test I, Regular (Closed-book) Date: 20/09/2016 Weightage: 20%, Marks: 40 Duration: 60 min. Note: Write answers to all sub-questions at_one place. 1. Explain the following briefly: [2Mx5=10M] (a) Why is three-bladed wind turbine design most commonly preferred? (b) Feasibility of 100% renewable energy-based system. (c) Why should a capacitor bank be connected at terminals of induetion generator in both stand-alone and grid-connected modes? (a) Type-2 wind turbine. (c) Type-B stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) system. 2, Explain the following: [3Mx5=15M] (a) The role of MNRE, NIWE, and IREDA. (b) Two types of repowering schemes for older wind farms. (c) Different stages of a wind resource assessment campaign. (d) Doe conductance-based maximum power point tracking scheme for solar PV. (e) Solar cell, module, and array. 3. Solve the following: [3Mx5=15M] (a) Estimate the annual energy production (in kWh) from a horizontal axis wind tur, bine with a 30 m diameter operating in a wind regime with an average wind speed of 8 m/s. Assume that the wind turbine is operating under standard atmospheric conditions (air density, p=1.225 kg/m®). Assume a turbine efficiency of 0.4. (b) A three-phase squirrel-cage induction generator has the following parameters (per phase): Rj=0.461 2, Ry=0.258 0, X1=0.507 2, Xz=0.309 Q, Xm=30.74 ©. The synchronous speed (NN,) is 1500 rpm, and the current Jj is 50 A per phase. How auch power does it produce at a slip of -0.025? What is the rotor speed (Ny) at that time? (c) A wind turbine is connected to an 11 kV distribution line, ‘The magnitude of the harmonic voltages, Va, (n=2,3,4,-...), atthe point of common connection of the wind turbine and other grid users are: V2=120 V, Va=0 V, Ve=85 V, Vi=15 V. The magnitude of the fundamental voltage, Vi, is 11 kV, What is the total harmonic distortion (THD)? (a) The average wind speeds measured at two different heights (at same place) 20 m and 30 m are obtained as 5 m/s and 6 m/s, respectively. Determine the wind power density (WPD) at 50 m height. Assume p=1.225 kg/m’. (6) A solar cell has the following parameters: Vo.=0.6 V, Jac=30 mA/em?, Vin=0.55 V, Jn=25 mA/cm?. Calculate the fill factor (FF). Also Calculate the efficiency if the solar cell is irradiated with an intensity of 1000 W/m?.BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester I, 2016-17 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) Test II, Regular (Closed-book) Date: 25/10/2016 Weightage: 20%, Marks: 40 Duration: 60 min. Note: Write answers to all sub-questions at one place. 1, Explain the following briefly: [2Mx5=10M] (a) Community solar cooker. (b) (© (d (e ) Typical cost structure of a PV-diesel hybrid system. ) Choice of electric generators for small hydro power (SHP) plants. ) Differences between flat plate and concentrating type collectors. ) Calculate the power output of the SHP plant with ‘an effective head of 25 m and a flow rate of 0.01 m*/s (density of water=1000 kg/m’). The plant efficiency is 83%. 2. Explain the following: [4Mx5=20M] (a) Low temperature solar power plant. (b) Point focusing type concentrating collectors. (c) Design considerations of hybrid energy systems (HES). (d) Different control paradigms in HES. (e) Types of energy storage in HES. 3. Answer the following: [5Mx2=10M] (a) Give the classification of SHP plants as per MNRE, long term goals of ministry for SHP, and the role of AHEC in promoting SHP. (b) Elaborate different schemes to integrate the energy sources in HES, and applica- bility of each scheme.BITS, PILANI - K. K. BIRLA GOA CAMPUS Semester I, 2016-17 Renewable Energy (BITS F462) Comprehensive Examination Regular (Closed-book) Date: 03/12/2016 Weightage: 40%, Marks: 80 Duration: 180 min. Instructions: Write answers to all sub-questions at together. Mention source of infor- mation, as reference, where necessary. Ql. Explain the following: [3Mx10=30M] (a) Solar distillation. (b) Power generation from landfill gas. (c) Recorders to obtain the information on ocean wave data. (d) Different type of costs related to geothermal power plants. (e) Binary cycle geothermal plant. (f) Tidal barrage. (g) Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. (h) Specific speed, and its range for different turbines. (i) Voltage sag, short duration interruption, and sustained interruption. (j) Design of battery banks for hybrid energy system. Q2. Answer the following: [5Mx6=30M] (a) Explain the need for maximum power tracking (MPPT) in solar PV by taking the resistive load as an example, and also explain how MPP is achieved using the power electronic circuitry (MPPT algorithms need not be discussed), (b) Discuss the operating characteristics of fuel cells. Derive the value of voltage efficiency from the characteristics (c) Discuss various factors affecting biogas production. (d) Discuss the present power scenario in India. Further, discuss the status of renew- able energy and initiatives by government to achieve the revised target (till 2022) for renewable energy.(e) In the context of India and with respect to renewable energy sources such as biomass, small hydro, and wind, prepare a table describing their installed capacity, leading states, technologies, barriers and applications. (f) Explain different types of ocean thermal energy conversion power plants based on utilization of working fluid. Q3. Solve the following: [5Mx4=20M] (a) Ocean wave has an amplitude of 1.1 m and width of 90 m with a period of 5 s. Calculate the wavelength, the wave velocity, and the total energy contained in the wave, Take water density as 1000 kg/m’. (b) Determine the optimum wavelength of light for PV generation in a solar cell made up of (i) Silicon with band gap of 1.1 eV (ii) Gallium arsenide with band gap of 1.4 eV. Planck’s constant is 6.626x107™ J-s. (c) The wind power density (WPD) at two different heights (at same place) 50 m and 40 m are obtained as 250 W/m? and 225 W/m?, respectively. Determine WPD at 75 m and 100 m heights. (d) An electricity producing wind turbine has to rotate at 140 rpm for a rated wind speed of 8 m/s. What is the required diameter in order to produce 100 kW of electric power? Also calculate the electric power generated when the wind speed is 6 m/s. Assume power coefficient = 0.43, efficiency of mechanical transmission = 0.9, efficiency of electrical generator = 0.93, and air density=1.225 kg/m.