UFMFD8-30-2 & UFMF88-30-2: CES MATERIALS SELECTION GUIDELINES

GUIDELINE PROCEDURES FOR CES MATERIALS SELECTION

SUMMARY: This note is a summary of the series of steps that a first time user of the CES
computer program may find useful. The steps have been sequentially numbered and they
should be carried out in the correct sequence. Red coloured arrows on the screen shots show
the specific buttons where the “left click” of a standard computer mouse shuold be executed.
The note, which consists of two sections, has been written for a “multi-stage” materials
selection where a given component is required to satisfy several material indices. The first
section shows how to generate a graphical ranking of materials for a given “Material Index”.
The second section shows how to use the “Selection Line” in materials selection. The
“HELP” utility of the “CES EduPack” program contains worked examples and detailed
explanations of the terms and procedures in this guideline.

SEQUENCE OF PROCEDURES

SETING UP THE CES PROGRAM FOR MATERIALS SELECTION

Start the CES program. Figure A shows the first screen that will be displayed when the
program starts successfully. Execute a “Left Click” of the computer mouse on the buttons
indicated by the red arrows and in the sequences indicated.

Figure A

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Figure B

Figure C

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Figure D

SAVE THE FILE

From the “File” drop-down menu, select “Save Project As ...” and choose your preferred file
name and folder for the file. It may be a good idea to save the file in your “flash drive”.
The file will be saved in “.pdf” format. It can be opened from the “file” menu whenever you
start the CES program.
Figure E

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GENERATING A GRAPHICAL RANKING OF MATERIALS FOR A GIVEN

“MATERIAL INDEX”

𝐸
The following example is for the case where the Material Index = , where E is Young’s
𝜌𝑐
modulus of elasticity of the required material, ρ is its density and c is its unit cost.

1. START A MATERIALS SELECTION STAGE

Figure 1.1

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Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

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Figure 1.4: Select the required mechanical property.

Example used here is Young’s modulus.

Figure 1.5

(i)
(ii)

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Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

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Figure 1.8

(iii
)

(ii)

(i)

Figure 1.9

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(ii)

(i)

(iii
)

Figure 1.10

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Figure 1.11

Ensure that all

the “buttons” on
this toolbar are
“switched off”.

Figure 1.12

Figure 1.13

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Figure 1.14

Figure 1.15

This is the “Selection Line”.

The slope (gradient) of the
selection line is equal to the
value entered in figure 1.13.
Gradient value is determined
from the “Material Index” of
a component: see the module
(UFMEEN-20-2) notes on
Computer based Materials
Selection.

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1.2 USING THE “SELECTION LINE” FOR MATERIALS SELECTION

Figure 1.16

“Selection line” can be

dragged up and down
using the mouse.
Use mouse to drag the
“Selection Line” to a
position where the
number of materials on
the “Results” panel is
about 1000.

Materials in “Results” panel

Figure 1.17

“Results” panel
shows that there
are 1034 materials
at the current
position of the
“Selection Line”.

Current position of
the “Selection Line”

SAVE THE FILE!

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2 START A NEW GRAPH STAGE

𝜎
The following example is for the case where the Material Index = , where σ is the yield
𝜌𝑐
stress (elastic limit) of the required material, ρ is its density and c is its unit cost.

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

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Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

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Figure 2.5

(i)

(ii)

Figure 2.6

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Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

(iii
)

(ii)

(i)

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Figure 2.9

(ii)

(i)

(iii
)

Figure 2.10

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Figure 2.11

Ensure that all

the “buttons” on
this toolbar are
“switched off”.

Figure 2.12

Figure 2.13

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Figure 2.13

Notice how the

number of materials
shown in the
“Results” panel
(Figure 2.14)
changes as a result
of the operations
shown in figures
2.12 and 2.13.

Figure 2.14

Figure 2.15

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Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

This is the “Selection Line”.

The slope (gradient) of the
selection line is equal to the
value entered in figure 2.15.
Gradient value is determined
from the “Material Index” of
a component: see the module
(UFMEEN-20-2) notes on
Computer based Materials
Selection.

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Figure 2.18

“Selection line” can be

dragged up and down
using the mouse.
Use mouse to drag the
“Selection Line” to a
position where the
number of materials on
the “Results” panel is
about 1000.

Figure 2.19

“Results” panel
shows that there
are 1100 materials
at the current
position of the
“Selection Line”.

Current position of
the “Selection Line”

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FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE

Repeat the procedures of sections 1 and 2 for each of the following material indices:
𝐾𝐼𝐶 𝜎𝑒
and
𝐸𝑐 𝜌𝑐

KIC = Fracture toughness of the material

E = Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material
σe = Fatigue strength (endurance limit) of the material
c = Unit cost of the material
ρ = Density of the material

The graphs for all the four selection criteria are shown in figures 2.20 to 2.23

Figure 2.20

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Figure 2.21

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Figure 2.22

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Figure 2.23

SAVE THE PROJECT

Ensure that the four graphs you have generated are saved as a single “Project” (i.e. a single
file).

3. SELECT FROM MATERIALS THAT “PASS ALL STAGES”

3.1 Go to the “Selection Stages” on the left hand panel.

“Double click” the left button of your computer’s mouse on any of the stages (e.g. Stage 1)
in order to display the graph for that stage.

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Figure 3.1

3.2 Go to the “Results” folder on the left hand panel.

From the drop down menu of the “Show” sub-folder, select “Pass all stages”.

Figure 3.2

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3.3 From the drop down menu of the “Rank by” sub-folder, select “Alphabetical”.
Notice that the materials can be ranked in different ways, e.g. by their “Performance Index”
values.
Figure 3.3

3.4 Repeat the operations of stages 3.1 to 3.3 for all four selection stages.
The “Results” folder will show that the same number of materials has “Passed all stages” for
each selection criterion or material index. The materials will be listed alphabetically in the
“Results” folder.

3.5 Switch on the “Zoom in” button and use it to draw a rectangle around the highlighted
materials on your graph: see figures 3.4 and 3.5.

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Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Rectangle: drawn using the

“Zoom in” cursor. The
outcome will be as shown in
figure 3.6.

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Figure 3.6: Magnified view of figure 3.5

3.6 Use your computer’s mouse to adjust the position of the “Selection Line” to a
position where less than ten materials are displayed on the “Pass” list. It may be necessary to
“Zoom in” further in order to improve the resolution of the graphical display: see figures 3.7
and 3.8.

Figure 3.7

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Figure 3.8

In figure 3.8, the last six materials on the “Results” folder have not been displayed on the
graph. This is caused by the fact that the “Zoom in” on figure 3.7 was confined to the area
surrounding the first four materials on the list.

3.7 Rank the materials on the “Results” folder in order of their “Performance Indices”.

Figure 3.9

3.8 Select an appropriate material from the Results list for the shafts and for the power
screw. Justify your selection.

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