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Naming Tree

The document presents a decision tree for classifying organic functional groups based on their carbon-hydrogen, carbon-carbon, and carbon-heteroatom bonding patterns. It starts with alkanes containing only C-H and C-C single bonds, then branches out to other groups containing double or triple bonds, halogen atoms, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or combinations thereof. The tree provides yes or no questions at each node to systematically categorize functional groups according to their molecular structure.

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Jerremiah Yu
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views

Naming Tree

The document presents a decision tree for classifying organic functional groups based on their carbon-hydrogen, carbon-carbon, and carbon-heteroatom bonding patterns. It starts with alkanes containing only C-H and C-C single bonds, then branches out to other groups containing double or triple bonds, halogen atoms, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or combinations thereof. The tree provides yes or no questions at each node to systematically categorize functional groups according to their molecular structure.

Uploaded by

Jerremiah Yu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The functional group contains only

carbon and hydrogen atoms

Yes No

There are only single bonds Contains a halogen

Yes No Yes No

ALKANE Contains an sp2- hybridized HALOALKANE (OR


Contains a nitrogen atom
HnC – CHn carbon (i.e. a double bond) ACYL HALIDE)
R–X
Yes No or O Yes No
||
R–C–X

ALKENE ALKYNE Carbon bonded to the nitrogen


Contains a sulfur atom
HnC = CHn HnC ≡ CHn also has a double bond to oxygen

Yes No Yes No

AMIDE The nitrogen atom is linked to The sulfur atom is bonded to


Contains only one oxygen
O the carbon by a single bond carbon and hydrogen
||
R – C – NH2
Yes No Yes No Yes No

In addition to being bonded to a carbon, the NITRILE THIOL SULFIDE The oxygen atom is bonded Contains a carbonyl and hydroxyl
nitrogen is also bonded to two hydrogen atoms R–C≡N R – SH R – S – R’ to an sp3-hybridised carbon group both linked to the same carbon

Yes No Yes No Yes No

AMINE NITRO The oxygen atom is bond- The carbon of the carbonyl group is CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER
R – NH2 R – NO2 ed to only one carbon bonded to two other carbons O O
|| ||
Yes No Yes No R – C – OH R – C – OR’

ALCOHOL The two carbons linked to the oxygen KETONE ALDEHYDE


R – OH atom are also linked and form a cycle O O
|| ||
Yes No R – C – R’ R–C–H

Legend EPOXIDE ETHER


O R – O – R’
/ \
n = 0, 1, 2 or 3
Rn – C – C – R’n
| |
R = alkyls, aryls or Hs Hn Hn

R’ = alkyls, aryls, Hs or R

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