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Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter site and adds RNA nucleotides to create a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. During translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome, the mRNA binds to the ribosome and pairs with tRNAs. The tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons, forming peptide bonds between amino acids and elongating the polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached and the full protein is released.

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57 views2 pages

Axed

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter site and adds RNA nucleotides to create a single-stranded mRNA molecule. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. During translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome, the mRNA binds to the ribosome and pairs with tRNAs. The tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codons, forming peptide bonds between amino acids and elongating the polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached and the full protein is released.

Uploaded by

Prachi Karia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES: Protein Synthesis

Transcription
- Occurs in the Nucleus
- Process where a DNA strand is read to create a single stranded mRNA that will take the
genetic code out to the Nucleus to the ribosome

Step 1: An enzyme called RNA Polymerase enters the nucleus


Step 2: RNA Polymerase binds to DNA at a specific sequence called a promoter sight.

Step 3: DNA strands separate


Step 4: RNA Polymerase moves along gene sequence on DNA and adds RNA nucleotides.
Thymine is replaced by Uracil therefore A = U and G = C

Step 6: RNA Polymerase stops at terminator sight on DNA and the Messenger RNA or
mRNA moleule is complete

Step 7: mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm of cell


Translation
- Occurs in the Cytoplasm at the Ribosome
- Process where codons on messenger RNA signal specific amino acids in order to create a
protein molecule

Step 1: mRNA travels to the ribosome


Step 2: Initiation: The start codon, which is an AUG codon, found on the mRNA strand
is located by the Initiator tRNA. Without the Initiator tRNA the process cannot
begin.

Step 3: Elongation: tRNA pair with codons on mRNA bringing with them the correct
amino acids

Step 4: The tRNA leaves when amino acid is released


Step 5: The Peptide chain is elongated when amino acids form Peptide bonds
Step 6: Elongation continues until the polypeptide is complete.
Step 7: Termination: Process ends when tRNA reads the stop codon on the mRNA.
Step 8: After the Stop codon is read the Polypetide is released from ribosome.

Step 9: The polypeptide folds up or may join other polypeptides to form a larger protein
molecule.

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