REVIEW TENSES: Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Most of us 1. .......................... (never / be) close to snakes except in zoos, where they
2. ..........................(keep) safely in cages. If we saw one anywhere outside a cage, we
3. .......................... (be) terrified. But Graeme Gowfrom Australia isn’t scared of snakes. If he was,
he 4. .......................... (not do) his job. Gow is a researcher whose job 5. .......................... (involve)
handling all kinds of snakes, even poisonous ones. He 6. .......................... (say) to be Australia’s
greatest snake expert. Incredibly, Gow 7. .......................... (bit) 146 times. Some of the bites weren’t
too serious, but others 8. .......................... (can / be) fatal. Luckily, the doctors identified the types of
poison. Gow explained that if they 9. .......................... (not identify) the poisons, they wouldn’t have
been able to treat his bites. Gow 10. .......................... (tell) us that one of his few fears is being
bitten one day by an unfamiliar snake. That could put a very nasty end to his career.

CONDITIONALS: Complete the sentences and don’t change the original meaning.
1. Lana was upset because she lost her mobile phone.
2. I think you should apologise.
3. I had a headache because I sat in front of the computer all day.
4. Sheila is going to work all day to complete the project.
5. I didn’t remember to buy Mum a birthday present, but my sister reminded me.
6. I won the race because I listened to my coach.
7. I didn’t know Ken was in hospital so I didn’t go visit him.
8. I can’t drive because I’m not old enough.
9. I’m going to finish my homework so I can go out with my friends.
10. I was exhausted because I stayed up all night.

1-If Lana ____________________________________________________________________________

2-If _________________________________________________________________________________
3-I wouldn’t __________________________________________________________________________
4-Unless _____________________________________________________________________________
5-If she ______________________________________________________________________________
6-Unless _____________________________________________________________________________
7-I would have _______________________________________________________________________
8-I could_____________________________________________________________________________
9-Unless _____________________________________________________________________________
10-I wouldn’t __________________________________________________________________________

C. Put the following sentences into the passive.

1. Few people have climbed this mountain before
2. They performed his opera for the first time last Saturday.
3. Young people will organize the exhibition.
4. We will give the students reports in June.
5. They don't serve alcoholic drinks before 6 o'clock.
6. He disappeared and no one has seen him again.
7. They have proved all his calculations wrong
8. They will never forget it.
9. They announced the arrival of the plane over the loud-speakers.
10. Were the police checking driving licences last Saturday?
11. They were still helping him.
12. Did they give you the money?
13. I will post this letter tomorrow.
14. No one has polished the floor yet.
15. You don’t have to pay this bill until next week

D. Put the following sentences into the passive. (Two objects)

1. My friends told me the latest news.
2. They answered the old lady very rudely
3. The doctor has ordered me a new diet to lose weight.
4. Her friend recommeded her a new doctor.
 5. They allowed him ten minutes to get ready
6. They offered me a higher salary at the office.
7. Someone told the soldiers to report to the captain.
8. Has anyone ever called you an idiot before?
9. They proved him to be no better than a charlatan.
10. The authorities have refused Mr. Williams a visa.
11. Did your parents give you enough money?
12. Has anyone ever asked you to set up a bussiness?
13. They appointed him as a president of the firm.
14. We showed her carefully how to do it.
15. They must tell him that he has not been accepted.
16. Did anyone send you the copies which they promised you?
17. Look what they have given me.
18. No one has ever taught me how a computer works.
19. Did they offer you the job I told you about?
20. They didn’t pay the workers the wages promised.

PASIVAS IMPERSONALES
1 People think that neither side wanted war.
Neither side is ...................................................................................................
2 People say that fewer than 1,000 blue whales survive in the southern hemisphere.
Fewer ................................................................................................................
3 Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for you.
Eating fruit ........................................................................................................
4 People consider that one in three bathing beaches is unfit for swimming.
One in three bathing beaches ............................................................................
5 At least 130,000 dolphins are reported to be caught in the nets of tuna fishers every year.
It is ....................................................................................................................
6 It is estimated that in the past 15 years about 10 million dolphins have been killed.
About 10 million dolphins ...............................................................................
7 In ancient Greece people thought dolphins were men who had abandoned life on land.
In ancient Greece it ..........................................................................................
8 In ancient Rome it was believed that dolphins carried souls to heaven.
In ancient Rome dolphins ................................................................................
9 People say that the company invested fifty million pounds last week.
The company ....................................................................................................
10 People say Mr Clark was difficult to work with when he was younger.
Mr Clark ...........................................................................................................
11 Someone has calculated that the water of the River Rhine contains over 2,000 chemicals.
It .......................................................................................................................
12 Everyone thought the painting had been destroyed in the fire.
The painting ......................................................................................................
13 It is believed that the Chinese invented gunpowder.
The Chinese ......................................................................................................
14 About 1 million papers are thought to have been sold.
People ...............................................................................................................
15 It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cable.
The two .............................................................................................................
16 We hope that the government has prepared a plan.
The government ................................................................................................
17 People say that Mr Bond was having business difficulties when he was charged with fraud.
Mr Bond ............................................................................................................
18 It is thought that this treasure dates from the 19th century.
This treasure ......................................................................................................
19 People believe that a professional thief stole the painting.
It ........................................................................................................................

PASIVAS CAUSATIVO-Rewrite the following sentences using have something done.

16. Her windows are cleaned twice a month. ………………
17. Their swimming pool will be drained. …………………
18. Her bookcase was delivered last week. ………………
19. A new computer has been ordered for me. ……………..
20. Ann’s sculptures are going to be exhibited tomorrow. ……………

PUT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH:

1.- “Where did you go on holiday last summer?” I asked Linda.
2.- “Do you know where Angela is living?” he said.
3.- “How much do you think it will cost?” he said.
4.- “Watch the milk and don’t let it boil over,” she said.
5.- “Let’s go down to the harbour and see if we can hire a boat,” he said.
6.- “Did you enjoy the film?” I asked Tom.
7.- “Can I borrow some money for a fizzy drink?” Donna asked.
8.- “How far is the station from our hotel?” the girl wanted to know.
9.- “I lost my uniform last week,” Frank said.
10.- “Don’t drive too close to the car in front,” said the driving instructor.
11.- “What time did your friends leave last night?” he asked.
12.- “I forgot to take my briefcase,” Jim said.
13.- “Reduce speed now,” said a huge notice.
14.- He said, “Let’s stop now and finish it later”.
15.- “Don’t make any noise,” the teacher said.
16.- “Who was singing just now?” asked my mother.
17.- “Tell her it’s all right,” he said.
18.- “Do you want to go to a film?” Mark asked Amy.
19.- “I am having dinner now,” Tammy said.
20.- “Helen won’t be at the meeting today,” Bob explained.
21.- “Stay in bed for a few days,” the doctor said to me.
22.- “Let’s wait here till the rain stops,” he said.
23.- “Did anyone try to save her life?” the police officer asked.
24.- “Will the test be difficult?” I wanted to know.
25.- “I didn’t realise that it was so late,” Sally explained.
26.- “Type the letter soon, please,” the manager said to me.
27.- “I forgot to bring my driving licence,” said Bill.
28.- “Can I use your pen?” the girl asked the boy.
29.- “It’s too hot here,” Fran complained.
30.- “Don’t put sticky things in your pockets,” said his mother.
31.- “Dad, don’t forget to send the e-mail, please,” Jodi said.
32.- “Let’s go over to John’s house,” Mike suggested.
33.- “Who has stolen my suitcase?” he asked.
34.- “Are you leaving later this afternoon?” he enquired.
35.- “We have to paint the whole house by tomorrow,” my father said.
36.- “How much does the ring cost?” Helen asked.
37.- “Don’t worry about a few mistakes,” said Peter. “I make mistakes all the time.”
38.- “Will you let me take the car tonight?” Jean asked her father.
REPORTING VERBS

deny suggest promise doubt invite

warn advise threaten refuse persuade
admit complain offer remind announce

e.g. ‘You really should give up smoking, Roger,’ said Chris.

Chris advised Roger to give up smoking.

‘How about going to the Lake District for the weekend?’ said Marta

‘I’m not sure if I can come to the party,’ said Raymond.

‘We’re getting married next year,’ said Marilyn.

‘Oh come on, Bill! Come for a swim with us!’ said Charlie (and Bill went)

‘I didn’t kill Terry Morton!’ said Sid.

‘Don’t forget to pay the phone bill, Norman,’ said Grace.

‘I really will clean the car tomorrow,’ said David.

‘The food is disgusting!’ said Walter.

‘Yes, it’s true: I have been rather careless,’ said Perry.

‘If you touch my bike again, I’ll punch you on the nose!’ said Roy.

‘Don’t touch these wires!’ said Antony.

‘I won’t lend you any money!’ said Maggie.

‘Shall I bring you a cup of tea?’ said Gordon.

‘Would you like to come round for lunch on Sunday?’ said Geraldine.

MODAL VERBS
1. You ____________ fall asleep when you are driving.
2. You ____________ feed the cat, it isn't hungry.
3. ____________ you help me move the furniture?
4. A fish ___________ swim, but it ____________ fly.
5. The children ____________ leave school early tomorrow.
6. You ____________ wait any longer, you ____________ go now.
7. The fire spread quickly but everyone ____________ escape.
8. You ____________ drive so fast, we're not late.
9. ____________ we go climbing? - No, let's go swimming.
10. You can only smoke in the canteen, you ____________ smoke in this room.
11. You ____________ leave medicines in places where children can get hold of them.
12. My grandfather was very clever, he ____________ speak four languages.
13. I'm hungry. - Don't worry, I ____________ make a sandwich for you.
14. You ____________ shout, I can hear you.
15. She's got temperature, she ____________ go out today, she ____________ stay in bed.
16. The boy fell into the river but we ______________ rescue him.
17. Yes, you ______________ learn the verbs before the exam.
18. ____________ I borrow your bicycle tomorrow?
19. Dad, you ____________ smoke so much, it's bad for you.
20. Sir, ____________ I make a suggestion?
21. We are'n't sure about tomorrow, but we ____________ go to the beach.
22. I arrived home at eleven p.m. because I ____________ work late.
23. She hates ____________ get up early.
24. Mary keeps crying, she ____________ have a problem.
25. I think you ____________ take the train, it's faster than the bus.
26. ____________ I ask you for the next dance?
27. Don't wait up for me. I ____________ stay in town tonight.
28. The milkman ____________ put water in the milk.
29. If you go to town, you'll ____________ do some shopping.
30. You ____________ bring an umbrella, it isn't going to rain.
31.Do you think you ____________ tell your teacher what happened?

Rewrite these sentences using the modals or semi-modals in brackets.

1. It is against the law to drive without a licence. (mustn’t)
2. Perhaps Sarah lends Simon some money. (may)
3. It is sometimes very hot here in the summer. (can)
4. Would you like me to bring you some magazines? (shall)
5. It isn't necessary to be over 18 to get married. (needn’t)
6. It is important for me to pass the exam. (must)
7. It will not be necessary for you to come tomorrow. (have to)
8. Perhaps it will rain tonight. (may)
9. It is against the law to drive without a seat belt. (mustn’t)
10. There's a small possibility that he comes on a motorbike. (might)

J) Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning.

1. You may not smoke in this classroom. You …………….
2. Perhaps he comes to the party. He .................
3. You can come but it isn't necessary. You ..........
4. He wasn't able to lift the piano. He ......................
5. She isn't allowed to enter the room. She .................
6. Do you know how to drive a lorry? ......................
7. I don't believe you are a policeman. You ..................
8. He ought to study more. He ..........
9. I'm almost sure he is French. He ....................
10. I suggest you get a second opinion. You ...........................

K) Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning. They can be PRESENT or PAST
1. I'm sure they went away yesterday. They ....
2. It isn't necessary for you to go. You ....
3. Perhaps Frank will win the pools. Frank ....
4. I don't believe he took the money. He ....
5. It was wrong of him to break it. He ...
6. It's forbidden to drive on the right in Great Britain. You ....
7. Is it alright if I use your phone?
8. Perhaps George won't have time. George ....
9. Perhaps he didn't have time. He ....
10. I suppose they enjoyed the concert. They ....
11. You are not obliged to come back again. You ..............
12. She mustn’t enter. She isn’t ................
13. I was wrong to say you were guilty. I .................
14. You are not allowed to smoke in this classroom. You ..........
PATRI
REVIEW TENSES:
1. have never been
2. are kept
3. would be
4. couldn’t do / wouldn’t do
5. involves
6. is said
7. has been bitten
8. could have been
9. hadn’t identified
10. told

ANSWER KEY CONDICIONALES

1. If Lana hadn't lost her mobile phone, she wouldn't have been upset.
2. If I were you, I'd apologise
3. I wouldn't have had a headache, if I hadn't sat in front of the computer all day
4. Unless she works all day, she won't complete her project.
5. If she hadn't reminded me, I wouldn't have remembered to buy my mum a bday present
6. Unless I had listened to my coach, I wouldn't have won the race.
7. I would have gone to visit Ken, if I had known he was in hospital
8. I could drive if I were old enough
9. Unless I finish my homework, I won't go out with my friends
10. I wouldn't have been exhausted if I hadn't stayed up all night

G) Fill in the gaps with a modal verb.

1. mustn’t 2. needn’t 3. Can / Could 4. can – can’t 5. will be allowed to 6. needn’t – can 7. was able to 8.
needn’t
9. Could 10. can’t 11. mustn’t 12. could 13. can 14. needn’t 15. mustn’t – must 16. were able to 17. must
18. Can / Could / May 19. shouldn’t 20. Could 21. may 22. had to 23. having to 24. must 25. should 26. May
27. may 28. mustn’t 29. be able to 30. needn’t 31. should

I) Rewrite these sentences using the modals or semi-modals in brackets.

1. You mustn’t drive without a licence.
2. Sarah may lend Simon some money.
3. It can be very hot here in the summer.
4. Shall we bring you some magazines?
5. You needn’t be over 18 to get married.
6. I must pass the exam.
7. You won’t have to come tomorrow.
8. It may rain tonight.
9. You mustn’t drive without a seat belt.
10. He might come on a motorbike.

J) Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning.

1. You are not allowed to / cannot smoke in this classroom.
2. He may come to the party.
3. You needn’t come.
4. He couldn’t lift the piano.
5. She cannot / may not enter the room.
6. Can you drive a lorry?
7. I can’t be a policeman.
8. He should study more.
9. He must be French.
10. You should get a second opinion.

K) Rewrite these sentences so that they have the same meaning. They can be present or past.
1. They must have gone away yesterday.
2. You needn’t go.
3. Frank might win the pools.
4. He can’t have taken the money.
5. He shouldn’t have broken it.
6. You mustn’t drive on the right in Great Britain.
7. May I use your phone?
8. George may not have time.
9. He may not have had time.
10. They must have enjoyed the concert.
11. You needn’t come back again.
12. She isn’t allowed to enter.
13. I shouldn’t have said you were guilty.
14. You cannot / mustn’t / may not smoke in this classroom.