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Chapter I

The document discusses the importance of understanding surface emissivity for accurate non-contact temperature measurement and heat transfer calculations. Emissivity is defined as the ratio of energy radiated from a surface compared to a blackbody at the same temperature, and it depends on factors like the material, surface properties, temperature, wavelength, and angle. The significance is that knowing the emissivity allows an estimation of how much the temperature of a surface would need to be adjusted compared to a blackbody.

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Nicole Anne Borromeo
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9 views

Chapter I

The document discusses the importance of understanding surface emissivity for accurate non-contact temperature measurement and heat transfer calculations. Emissivity is defined as the ratio of energy radiated from a surface compared to a blackbody at the same temperature, and it depends on factors like the material, surface properties, temperature, wavelength, and angle. The significance is that knowing the emissivity allows an estimation of how much the temperature of a surface would need to be adjusted compared to a blackbody.

Uploaded by

Nicole Anne Borromeo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Knowledge of surface emissivity is important both for accurate non-contact

temperature measurement and for heat transfer calculations. Radiation thermometers detect

the thermal radiation emitted by a surface. They are generally calibrated using blackbody

reference sources that have an emissivity as close to 1 as makes no practical difference.

Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated from a material's surface to that

radiated from a blackbody (a perfect emitter) at the same temperature and wavelength and

under the same viewing conditions. It is a dimensionless number between 0 (for a perfect

reflector) and 1 (for a perfect emitter). The emissivity of a surface depends not only on the

material but also on the nature of the surface. For example, a clean and polished metal

surface will have a low emissivity, whereas a roughened and oxidised metal surface will have

a high emissivity. The emissivity also depends on the temperature of the surface as well as

wavelength and angle. However, for any particular wavelength and temperature the amount

of thermal radiation emitted depends on the emissivity of the object's surface.

Consequently, they cannot re-emit all the incident energy. The ratio between the re-

emitted energy of a usual object and the re-emitted energy of a blackbody at the same

temperature of the object is called emissivity and noted ε. This ratio depends on wavelength

and is comprised between 0 and 1. Of course, the emissivity of a true blackbody equals 1.
However, such bodies do not exist and manufacturing “blackbodies” consists in creating

optical sources with emissivity value as high and as constant as possible over the widest

spectral range. These sources are called grey bodies but practically sources with emissivity

higher than 0.9 are also called blackbodies.

Significance of the study: It provides an estimation for the adjustment needed to raise

the temperature of the source since When viewing 'real' more reflective surfaces, with a

lower emissivity, less radiation will be received by the thermometer than from a blackbody at

the same temperature and so the surface will appear colder. Unfortunately, because the

emissivity of a material surface depends on many chemical and physical properties it is often

difficult to estimate.

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