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Constants

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auricayunne
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69 views

Constants

Uploaded by

auricayunne
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conversion Factors

To Convert From To Multiply By


Area
Square Feet (ft2) Square Centimeters (cm2) 929.0304
Square Feet (ft2) Square Meter (m2) 0.09290304
Square Feet (ft2) Square Inches (in2) 144
Square Inches (in2) Square Centimeters (cm2) 6.4516
Length
Feet (ft) Centimeters (cm) 30.48
Feet (ft) Meters (m) 0.3048
Feet (ft) Inches (in) 12
Inches (in) Millimeters (cm) 25.4
Inches (in) Centimeters (cm) 2.54

Mass/Force
Pounds (lb) Grains (gr) 7000
Pounds(lb) Grams (g) 453.59237
Grains (gr) Grams (g) 0.06479891
Kilograms (kg) Pounds(lb) 2.2046226
Kilogram-force (kgf) Newton (N) 9.80665
Pound-force (lbf) Newton (N) 4.44822
Power, Energy, Heat
British Thermal Unit per Min (Btu/min) Steam, Pounds per Hour (lb/hr Steam) 1 x 10-3
Horsepower (hp) Watts (W) 745.7
Horsepower, boiler (hp) British Thermal Unit per Hour (Btu/hr) 33445.7
Horsepower, boiler (hp) Kilowatts (kW) 9.8095
Kilowatts-Hours (kWhr) British Thermal Units per Hour (Btu/hr) 3414.43
British Thermal Unit, mean (Btu) Kilogram-Calories (kcal) 0.252
British Thermal Unit, mean (Btu) Watts per Second, Joule (J) 1055.06
Pressure
Inches of Mercury (in Hg) Millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg) 25.4
Inches of Mercury (in Hg) Inches of Water (in H2O) 13.6
Inches of Mercury (in Hg) Atmospheres (atm) 0.0334211
Inches of Mercury (in Hg) Kilopascals (kPa) 3.386388
Atmospheres (atm) Bars (bar) 1.01325
Atmospheres (atm) Pounds per Square Inch (psi) 14.695949
Pascals (Pa) Newton per Square Meter (N/m2) 1.0
Volume
Cubic Meters (m3) Cubic Feet (ft3) 35.314667
Cubic Feet (ft3) Liters (l) 28.136847
Liters (l) Cubic Centimeters (ccm) 1000

Temperature

K = oC + 273.15
o
F = (9/5 x °C) +32
o
R= oF + 459.67 = 1.8K
o
C = 5/9 (oF – 32)

APEX INSTRUMENTS, INC.• 125 QUANTUM STREET • HOLLY SPRINGS, NC 27540 • 919-557-7300 • WWW.APEXINST.COM
Constants

Avogadro’s Number 6.02 x 1023 atoms/g atom


Gas Constants 82.05 atm cm3/(g-mole * K)
1.987 cal/(g-mole * K)
10.731 ft lb in2/(lb-mole * oR)
0.732 ft3 atm/(lb-mole * oR)
1 g-mole of Ideal Gas 24.05 Liters at EPA Standard Conditions

US EPA Standard Conditions

Standard Temperature (Tstd) 20oC (68oF)


Standard Pressure (Pstd) 760mm Hg (29.92in Hg)

Gas Concentration Units

Parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) to milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm)
 
 ppm × MW 
mg / dscm =  v

 22.405 Liters 
 g − mole 

Correct to x% O2

 20.9 − x%O 2 
C s @ x % O2 = C s ×  
 20.9 − %O 2( dryactual ) 

Gas Concentration Units

To Convert From To Multiply By


Parts-per-million (ppm) SO2 Nanogram/Std Cubic Meter (ng/scm) SO2 2.66 x 106

Parts-per-million (ppm) SO2 Pounds/Std Cubic Foot (lb/scf) SO2 1.660 x 10-7
Parts-per-million (ppm) NOx Nanogram/Std Cubic Meter (ng/scm) NOx 1.912 x 106
Parts-per-million (ppm) NOx Pounds/Std Cubic Foot (lb/scf) NOx 1.194 x 10-7

APEX INSTRUMENTS, INC.• 125 QUANTUM STREET • HOLLY SPRINGS, NC 27540 • 919-557-7300 • WWW.APEXINST.COM

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