Matrices 1 - 6
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Bandaru ChiranjeeviMatrices 1 - 6
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MATHEMATICS – 1 (A)
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MATRICES
IMPORTANT FORMULAE AND DEFINITIONS , IMPORTANT
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QUESTIONS , PREVIOUS PAPERS , MODEL PAPERS .
C.K. JUNIOR COLLEGE
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MATRICES
Important formulae &definitions :
1.Matrix : An ordered rectangular array of elements is called a matrix.
We confine our discussion to matrices whose elements are real or
Complex numbers(real or complex valued functions).
Marices are generally enclosed by brackets.
We denote matrices by capital letters A ,B , C, ……..
Ex : A = ( ) B=* + C= [ ]
2.Order of a matrix : A matrix having m rows n columns is said to be of order
m x n read as m cross n or m by n.
Ex : i). A = * + is a matrix of order 2x2.
ii) B = [ ] is a matrix of order 3x2.
iii) C = * + is a matrix of order 2x3 .
iv) D = [ ] is a matrix of order 3x3.
3.Compact form of a matrix : In compact form the marices are generally
denoted by A = [ ]mxn where 1≤i≤m and 1≤j≤n.
Pg : 1 B. CHIRANJEEVI(Lecturer in Mathematics)
TYPES OF MATRICES :
4.Square matrix : A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number
of columns is called a square matrix.
Ex : i) [ ] is a square matrix of order 1.
ii) * + is a square matrix of order 2.
iii) [ ] is a square matrix of order 3.
5.Rectangular matrix : A matrix in which the number of rows is not equal to
the number of columns is called a rectangular matrix.
Ex : i) * + is arectangular matrix of order 2x3.
ii) [ ] ia a rectangular matrix of order 3x2.
6.Trace of a matrix : The sum of the elements of the principal diagonal of a
a square matrix A is called the trace of the matrix A .
and it is denoted by Tr (A).
Ex : If A =[ ] , then Tr (A) = 1 + (-1 ) + 1 = 1.
7. Diagonal matrix : If each non diagonal element of a square matrix is equal
to zero then the matrix is called a diagonal matrix.
Pg :2 B. CHIRANJEEVI ( LECTURER IN MATHS)
Ex : * + , [ ] are diagonal matrices .
8.Scalar matrix : If each non diagonal of a square matrix is zero and all diagonal
elements are equal to each other , then it is called a scalar matrix.
Ex : * + , [ ] are scalar matrices .
9.Unit matrix or Identity matrix : If each non diagonal of a square matrix is
equal to zero and each diagonal element is equal to one then
that matrix is called a unit matrix or identity matrix.
We denote the unit matrix of order n by In , simply denoted by I .
Ex : i) =[ ]
ii) = * +
iii) = [ ] are unit matrices.
10. Null matrix or Zero matrix : If each element of a matrix is zero , then it is
Called a Zero matrix or Null matrix .and it is denoted by
Omxn or simply by O .
Ex : O2 = * + , O3 = [ ] are null matrices.
.Pg : 3 B . CHIRANJEEVI (Lecturer in mathematics)
11. Row matrix and Column matrix : A matrix with only one row is called a
Row matrix (or row vector ) and matrix with only one column
is called a Column matrix (or column vector ).
Ex : [1 3 5] is a row matrix of order 1x3.
[ ] is a column matrix of order 3x1.
12. Triagular matrices : A matrix A = [ ] is said to be Upper triangular if aij = 0
for all i > j. A matrix is said to be Lower triangular if
aij = 0 for all i < j.
Ex : * + , [ ] are upper triangular matrices .
* + , [ ] are lower triangular matrices .
13.Equality of matrices : Matrices A and B are said to be equal , if A and B
are Of same order and the corresponding elements of
A and B are the same .
14. Sum of two matrices : Let A and B be matrices of same order,
then
The sum of A and B , denoted by A+B , is defined as
The matrix of the same order in which each element is the sum of
the corresponding elements of A and B .
Pg : 4 B . CHIRANJEEVI ( LECTURER IN MATHEMATICS )
15. Properties of Adddition of matrices :
I) Commutative property : A+B=B+A
ii) Associative property : A+(B+C) = (A+B)+C.
iii) Additive identity : A+0 =0+A=A.
iv) Additive inverse : A+B=B+A =0.
16.Scalar multiple of a matrix : Let A be a matrix of order mxn and k be
a scalar ( i.e., real complex number ) , then the mxn matrix
obtained by multiplying each element of A by K , is called
a scalar multiple of A and it is denoted by kA .
17.Multiplication of matrices : We say that matrices A and B are
Conformable for multiplication in that order if the
number of column of A is equl to the number of rows of B .
