CHART OF IRREGULAR VERBS

CHART OF IRREGULAR VERBS

First group: with no change
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to beat beat beat/beaten latir, golpear, vencer, llevar el

compás
to bet bet bet apostar
to cost cost cost costar
to cut cut cut cortar
to hurt hurt hurt lastimar
to let let let permitir, alquilar, dejar
to put put put poner
to set set set poner, colocar, establecer
to spread spread spread extender, esparcir, propagar
to shut shut shut cerrar
to wet wet wet mojar, humedecer
to read read read leer
to hit hit hit pegar, dar un golpe

Second group: the final “D” changes to “T”

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to send sent sent enviar, mandar, remitir

to bend bent bent doblar, inclinar
to build built built construir
to lend lent lent prestar
to spend spent spent gastar

Third Group: the letter “I” changes to an “A” in the past

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to begin began begun empezar

to drink drank drunk beber
to forgive forgave forgiven perdonar

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Third Group: the letter “I” changes to an “A” in the past (cont’d)
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to give gave given dar, regalar

to forbid forbade forbidden prohibir, vedar
to ring rang rung sonar, resonar, tañer
to sing sang sung cantar
to sit sat sat sentar(se)
to swim swam swum nadar
to shrink shrank shrunk encoger, contraer, disminuir
to sink sank sunk hundirse, sumirse
to stink stank stunk apestar, heder

Fourth Group: the letter “I” changes to “O” in the past

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to drive drove driven manejar, conducir

to ride rode ridden cabalgar, montar, pasear
to shine shone shone brillar, resplandecer
to win won won ganar, obtener
to write wrote written escribir
to rise rose risen subir, ascender, surgir

Fifth Group: the letters “EA” change to “O”

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to break broke broken romper, quebrar

to speak spoke spoken hablar
to steal stole stolen robar
to swear swore sworn jurar, renegar, blasfemar
to tear tore torn rasgar; desgarrar; destruir
to wear wore worn usar, llevar puesto

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Sixth Group: the letter “E” changes to “O”

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to forget forgot forgotten olvidar

to get got got, gotten conseguir, adquirir, obtener
to sell sold sold vender
to tell told told decir, contar, relatar
to freeze froze frozen congelar, helar

Seventh Group: the letter “O” changes to “E” in the past

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to blow blew blown soplar

to grow grew grown crecer
to hold held held sostener, mantener, detener
to know knew known conocer, saber
to throw threw thrown lanzar, arrojar, tirar

Eighth Group: loses one of the double vowels

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to bleed bled bled sangrar

to choose chose chosen escoger, elegir
to feed fed fed alimentar
to meet met met conocer, encontrar

Ninth Group: loses one vowel and a letter “T” is added at the end
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to feel felt felt sentir

to keep kept kept guardar, conservar
to sleep slept slept dormir

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Tenth Group: the Past and Past Part. end in “ught”

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to bring brought brought traer

to buy bought bought comprar
to catch caught caught atrapar
to fight fought fought pelear
to teach taught taught enseñar, instruir
to think thought thought pensar, creer

Eleventh Group: different changes

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to be was, were been ser, estar

can could poder, ser capaz de
to make made made hacer, fabricar
to mean meant meant significar
to deal dealt dealt pactar, lidiar con; repartir cartas,
to become became become llegar a ser, convertirse en
to bite bit bitten morder
to come came come venir
to dig dug dug escarbar
to do did done hacer
to draw drew drawn dibujar
to eat ate eaten comer
to fall fell fallen caer
to find found found encontrar
to fly flew flown volar
to go went gone ir
to have had had tener, haber
to hear heard heard oír

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Eleventh Group: different changes (cont’d)

INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING IN SPANISH

to hide hid hidden esconder, ocultar

to lead led led guiar, conducir, encabezar
to leave left left dejar, salir, partir
to light lit lit prender, encender
to lose lost lost perder
to pay paid paid pagar
to run ran run correr
to say said said decir
to see saw seen ver
to shake shook shaken agitar, menear
to show showed showed, shown mostrar
to stand stood stood pararse, permanecer
to sting stung stung (de abeja/avispa) picar
to strike struck struck golpear, pegar, estar en
huelga
to swing swung swung mecer, columpiar
to take took taken tomar, llevar
to understand understood understood entender, comprender

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PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST

I. Verbs ending in “d” or “t” in their simple form are pronounced /Id/
Example: (simple form) visit - visited; (simple form) pretend - pretended
II. Verbs ending in a voiced sound in their simple form are pronounced /d/
Example: (simple form) listen - listened; (simple form) call - called
III. Verbs ending in an unvoiced sound in their simple form are pronounced /t/
Example: (simple form) work - worked; (simple form) talk - talked
Put these past tenses on the right lines below according to the pronunciation of -ed.
hoped rescued offended decided
arrived moved learned planted
washed stopped walked helped
posted crashed ended stayed

/Id/ /d/ /t/

hoped

Vocabulary: Silent Letters

All these words contain letters that are not pronounced. Underline the unpronounced
letters.
Example: castle half hour
climb comb Christmas daughter
lamb Autumn listen calm
cupboard psychology sign salmon
sandwich handkerchief Wednesday honest
know wrap talk island
write aisle knife calf

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PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST

/Id/ /d/ /t/

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