1S: 600 - 1964 5.7.2 Design of Lacing “5.7.2.1 The lacing of compression members shall be proportioned to resist a total transverse shear ‘ V? at any point in the length of the member equal to at least 2:5 percent of the axial force in the niember, which shear shall be considered as divided equally among all transverse lacing systems in parallel planes. 5.7.2.2 For members carrying calculated bending stress due to eccentricity of loading, applied end moments and/or lateral loading, the lacing shall be proportioned to resist the shear due to the bending in addi- tion to that specified under 5.7.2.1. 5.7.2.3 The slenderness ratio ‘A’ of the lacing bars for compression members shall not exceed 145. In riveted construction, the effective length of lacing bars for the determination of the permissible stress shal! be taken as the length between the inner end rivets of the bars for single lacing, and as 0:7 of this length for double lacing effectively tiveted at intersec- tion. In welded construction, the effective Itngths shall be taken as 0-7 times the distance between the inner ends of welds connecting the lacing bars to the member. Zs bs VAN Jor. Tt tt LACING ON LACING ON C FACE AA FACE BB Fro. 5.1A Lacinc Detaits ~— Fi. 5.1B Douste Lactno System 48IS : 800 - 1984 ZN 1 x iN Fo: 5.16 Ki IA wir Cross MempersLACING ON LACING ON —LACING ON LACING ON FACE A FACE B FACE A | FACE ® PREFERRED NOT PREFERRED Fio. 5.1D Sivore Lacep Sysrsm on Opposite Sipes oF Marin Components 5.7.3 Width of Lacing Bars.— In riveted construction, the minimum width of lacing bars shall be as follows: Nominal Rivet Dia Width of Lacing Bars mm mm 22 65 20 60 18 55 16 50 5.7.4 Thickness of Lacing Bars — The thickness of flat lacing bars shall be not less than onefortieth of the length: between the inner end rivets or welds for single lacing, and one-sixtieth of this length for double lacing riveted or welded at intersections. 5.7.4.1 Rolled sections or tubes of equivalent strength may be used instead of flats. 505.7.5 Angle of Inclination — Lacing bars, whether in double or single systems, shall be inclined at an angle not less than 40 degree nor more than 70 degrees to the axis of the member, Nors — The a sections for tecing bese fo compromise rts tension members subject to bending letermined by using appropriate permissible stresses ject to the requirements in 5.7.3 and 5.7.4. tension embers under stress, only the lacing bars shall be subject to the requiremt 1575, 57Aand 595. 7 ° = 5.7.6 Spacing 5.7.6.1 The maximum ing of lacing bars, whether connected by riveting or welding, shall ‘also be such that the minimum slenderness ratio 2 (==l/r) of the components of the member between consecutive connections is not greater than 50 or 0-7 times the most unfavourable slenderness ratio of the member as a whole, whichever is less, where ‘J’ is the distance between. the centres of connection of the lattice bars to each component. 5.7.6.2 Where lacing bars are not lay to form the connection to the components of the members, they shall be so connected that there is no appreciable interruption in the triangulation of the system. 5.7.7 Attachment to Main Members — The riveting or welding of lacing bars to the main members shall be sufficient to transmit the load in the bars. Where welded lacing bars overlap the main members, the amount of lap measured along either edge of the lacing bar shall be not less than four times the thickness of the bar or the members, whichever is less. The welding should be sufficient to transmit the load in the bar and shall, in any cate, be provided along each side of the bar for the full length of lap. 5.7.7.1 Where lacing bars are fitted between the main members, they shall be connected to each member by fillet welds on each side of the bar or by full penetration butt welds. The lacing bars shall loc so placed as to ies generally opposite the flange or stiffening elements of the main member. 5.7.8 End Tie Plates — Laced compression members shall be provided with tie plates at the ends of lacing systems and at points where the systems are interrupted ( see also 5.8 ). 5.8 Battening and Tie Plates 5.8.1 General 5.8.1.1 Compression members composed of two main components battened should preferably have their two main components of the same cross section and symmetrically disposed about their x-x axis. Where practicable, the compression members should have a radius of gyration 51IS s 800 - 1984 about the axis perpendicular to the plane of the batten not less than the radius of gyration about the axis in the plane of batten. 5.8.1.2 Battened compression members“ not complying with the requirements specified in this clause or those subjected, in the plane of the battens, to eccentrici of loading, applied moments or lateral forces ( see Fig. 5.2 ) shall be designed ling to the exact theory of elastic stability or empirically from verification of tests, so that they have a load factor of not less than 1-7 in the actual structure. Fro, 5.2 Barren Conuun Szarion Norm — If the column section is subjected to eccentricity or other moments about 77 axa the battens ‘and the column section should be specially designed for such moments, 5.8.1.3 The battens shall be placed opposite each other at each end of the member and points where the member is stayed in its length and shall, as far as practicable, be spaced and proportioned uniformly through- out. Fhe number of battens shall be such that the member is divi led into not less than three bays within its actual length from centre to centre of connection. 2IS : 800 - 1984 8.8.2 Design 5.8.2.1 Battens — Battens shall be designed to carry the bending moments and shears arising from transverse shear force ‘V” of 2°5 percent of the total axial force on the whole compression member, at any point in the length of the member, divided equally between parallel planes of battens. The main members shall also be checked for the same shear force ‘and bending moments as for the battens. Battens shall be of plates, angles, channels, or I-sections and shall be riveted or welded to the main components so as to resist simultaneously longitudinal shear V; = py and a moment M = oe where V = the transverse shear force as defined above; GC = the distance centre-to-centre of battens, longitudinally; NV = the number of parallel planes of battens; and S = the minimum transverse distance between the centroids of the rivet group/welding. 5.8.2.2. Tie plates — Tie plates shall be designed by the same method as battens. In no case shall a tie plate and its fastenings be incapable of carrying the forces for which the lacing has been designed. 5.8.2.3 Size — When plates are used for battens, the end battens and those at points where the member is stayed in its length shall have an effective depth, longitudinally, of not less than the perpendicular distance between the centroids of the main members, and intermediate battens shall have an effective depth of not less than three quarters of this dis. tance, but in no case shall the effective depth of ‘any batten be less than twice the width of one member in the plane of the battens. The effective depth of a batten shall be taken as the longitudinal distance between end rivets or end welds. ‘The thickness of batten or the tie plates shall be not less than one- fiftieth of the distance between the innermost connecting lines of rivets or welds. 5.8.2.4 The requirement of size and thickness specified above does not apply ‘when angles, channels or I-sections are used for battens with their legs or flanges perpendicular to the main member. However, it should be ensured that the ends of the compression members are ticd to achieve adequate rigidity. 3531S : 800 - 1984 5.8.3 Spacing of Battens 5.8.3.1 In battened compression members not specifically checked for ified in 5.8.2.1, the spacing of a whole, about its xx ( axis parallel to the battens ). Norm — With regard to effective length of the battened comipresion membe: asa whole, reference may be made to Table 5.2. * 5.8.3.2 The number of battens shall be such that the member is divided into not less an three parts longitudinally. 5.8.4 Attachment to Main Members 5.84.1 Welded connections — Where tie or batten plates overlap the main members, the amount of lap shall be not less than four times the thickness of the plate. The length ‘of weld connecting each edge of the in aggregate, be not less than half the depth of the batten plate. At least one-third of the weld shall be placed ‘Stach end of this edge. ‘The length of weld and depth of batten plate shall be measured along the longitudinal axis of the main member. In addition, the welding shall be returned along the other two edges of the plates transversely to the axis of the main member for a length not less than the minimum lap specified above. 59 Compression Members Composed of Two Components Back- to-Back 5.9.2 In no case shall the ends of the, strut be connected together with less than two rivets or bolts or their equivalent in welding, Ge not less than two additional connections spaced equidistant in the length fate through these connections shall pass through solid washers or pack: tees are 125 mm wide or over, or where webs of channels are 150 mm Vide or over, not leas than two rivets or bolts shall be used in each con- nection, one on line of each gauge mark. 41S : 800-- 1984 5.9.3 Where these connections are made by welding, solid packings shall be used to effect the jointing unless the members are sufficiently close together to permit welding, and the members shall be connected by weld- ing along both pairs of edges of the main components. 5.9.4 The rivets, bolts or welds in these connections shall be sufficient to carry the shear force ‘and moments, if any, specified for battened struts, and in no case shall the rivets or bolts be less than 16 mm diameter for members up to and including 10 mm. thick; 20 mm diameter for members 4B to ae ae 16 mm thick; and 22 mm diameter for members over mm thick. 5.9.4.1 Compression members connected by such riveting, bolting or welding shall not be subjected to transverse loading in a plane perpendi- cular to the washer-tiveted, bolted or welded surfaces. 5.9.5 Where the components are in contact back-to-back, the spacing of the rivets, bolts or intermittent welds shall not exceed the maximum spacing for compression members as given in 6.1.4 and 6.2.6 of IS : 816- SECTION 6 DESIGN OF MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO BENDING 6.1 General — The calculated stress in a member subjected to bending Or et nexeced any of the appropriate maximum permissible stresses given in 6.2 for bending, 6.3 for bearing, 6.4 for shear and in 7.1 for the com- bination of stresses. 6.2 Bending Stresses 6.2.1 Maximum Bending Stresses — The maximum bending stress in tension ( 6p, os: ) or in compression ( dro eat ) in extreme fibre calculated on the effective section of ‘a beam shall not ‘exceed the maximum permis- sible bending stress in tension (ne ) oF in compression ( po ) obtained as follows nor the values specified in 6.2.2, 6.2.3, 6.2.5 and 6.2.6, as appropriate: Opt OF Oyo = 0-66f,. 6.2.2 Maximum Permissible Bending Compressive Stress in Beams and Channels with Equal Flanges — For an J-beam or channel with equal flanges bent about the axis of maximum strength ( *-« axis), the maximum bending compressive ‘stress on the extreme fibre calculated on the effective section shall not exceed the values of maximum missible bending compressive stress, dpo, given directly in Table 6.1A or 6.1B, Table 6 1C or 6.1D and Table 6.1E or 6.1F, as a] jate, for steels with yield stress f, of 250 MPa, 340 MPa and 400 MPa, respectively. For steels with yield stresses other 5518 + 800 - 1984 than those covered in Tables 6.1A to 6.1F, maximum permissible compressive stress shall be obtained in accordance with 6.2.3 and 6.2.4. ‘Nore — Tables 6.1A to 6.1F bave been derived in accordance with 62.3 and 6.2.4. 6.2.2.1 In Tables 6.1A to 6.1F: D = overall depth of beam; d, = depth of web ( see 1.3 ); | w effective length of compression flange ( see 6.6); fy — radius of gyration of the section about its axis of minimum strength. ( yy axis ); 7 — mean thickness of the compression flange, is equal to the area of horizontal portion of flange divided by width; and t= web thickness.” For rolled sections, the mean thi is that given i priate Indian. Standards. . ickmess is Leelee In case of compound girders with curtailed flanges, D shall be taken as the overall depth of the girder at the point of maximum bending e ment, and T shall be taken as the effective thickness of the compression fiange and shall be calculated as: T = K, x mean thickness of the horizontal portion of the compres sion ange at the point of maximum bending moment. Coefii- cient Ky is defined in 6.2.4. 6.2.3 Maximum Permissible Bending Compressive Stress in Beams and Plate Ginn _MFor beams and plate girders, bent about the axis of maxima Greth (ex axis ), the maximum bending compressive stress. om the srenere bre, calculated on the effective section shall not the extrtrum permissible bending compressive stress 6p in MPa obtained by the following formula: -0 Sor -Sy Ore = O66 TFS CS ® Po where fey = clastic critical stress in bending, calculated in accordance with 6.2.4 or by an clastic flexural-torsional buckling analysis, in MPa; fy = yield stress of the steel in MPa; and n =a factor assumed as 1.4. Values of ope a8 derived from the above formula for some of the Indian Standard structurel steels are given in Table 6.2. 5618 : $00 - 1984 TABLE 6.14 MAXOMUM FER PERMISSISLE BENDING STRESSES, Ope (MPa )» 'IN EQUAL-FLANGE I-BEAMS OR CHANNELS (Glee 6.2.2) with fy = 250 MPs, 7 > 20 or 4. > 85 DIT>| Try 10 12 4 16 18 20 2 30 95 40 50 60 80 100 +_| 40 | 160 160 159 159 158 158 158 158 158 157 157 157 187 187 157 45 |-159 158 157 157 156 156 156 155 155 155 155 155 154 154 154 50 | 158 157 156 155 154 154 153 153 152 152 152 151 151 151 151 55 | 157 155 154 153 152 151 150 149 149 148 148 148 148 147 147 60 | 156 153 152 150 149 148 148 146 145 145 144 144 144 143 143 65 | 154 152 150 148 147 145 144 143 142 141 140 140 199 199 199 70 | 153 150 148 146 144 142 141 189 138 137 186 185 135 185 134 75 | 152 148 145 143 141 199 188 196 194 183 132 181 180 130 129 80 | 150 147 143 141 198 196 195 182 190 128 128 126 126 125 125 85 | 149 145 141 138 136 198 182 128 126 124 128 122 121 120 120 90 | 147 143 139 136 133 190 128 124 122 120 ng 17 6 115 1S. 95 | 146 141 197 193 130 128 125 121 118 16 114 112 111 110 110 100 | 145 140 135 131 128 125 122 117 114 112 110 108 107 105 105 no | 142 136 181 127 123 119 116 111 107 104 102 99 98 96 95 120 | 139 138 127 122 118 114 111 104 100 97 94 91 90 88 87 130 | 187 190 124 118 113 109 106 99 94 90 88 84 82 80 79 140 | 134 127 120 114 109 105 101 93 88 8 Bl 78 75 73 72 150 | 132 124 117 110 105 100 96 988 83 79 76 72 69 67 65 160 | 129 121 113 107 101 96 92 8 78 74 71 66 64 61 60 170 | 127 118 110 104 98 93 88 80 74 69 66 62 59 56 55 180 | 124 115 107 100 94 89 85 76 7 65 62 58 55 52 50 190 [122 113 104 97 91 86 82 73 66 62 58 54 Sl 48 46 200 | 120 110 102 94 88 88 78 70 63 59 55 50 48 44 43 210 | 118 103 99 92 86 80 76 67 60 56 52 47 44 41 40 220 | 116 105 97 89 83 78 73 64 58 53 49 «45 «42:«88 87 230 | 113 103 94 87 80 75 70 62 55 Sl 47 42 39 36 34 240 | 111 101 92 84 78 73 68 59 53 46 45 40 37 34 32 250 |} 109 99 90 82 76 70 66 57 51 46 43 38 35 «32 90 260 |107 97 98 80 7% 68 64 55 49 4 41 96 33 30 28 270 | 106 95 96 78 72 66 62 53 47 48 $9 35 92 28 26 280 | 10g 93 8f 76 70 65 60 51 45 41 38 33 30 27 2% 200 | 102 91 82 74 68 68 58 50 44 39 36 32 29 25 24 300 | 100 89 80 72 66 61 87 48 42 $8 35 90 27 2% 2218 : 600 - 1984 TABLE 618 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE BENDING STRESSES, dbo ( MPa )> IN EQUAL FLANGE I-BEAMS OR CHANNELS ( Clause 6.2.2 ) with fy = 250 MPa, 7 < 2-0and 24 <5 DIT+| | 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 90 35 4 50 60 80 100 40 | 161 161 160 160 160 160 160 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 159 45 | 161 160 159 1589 158 158 158 157 157 157 157 157 157 157, «157 50 | 160 158 158 157 156 156 156 155 155 155 154 154 154 154 154 55 | 159 157 156 155 154 154 158 155 152 152 152 151 151 151 151 60 | 158 156 154 153 152 152 151 150 149 149 149 148 148 148 148 65 | 156 154 153 151 150 149 148 147 146 146 145 145 144 144 144 7o | 155 153-151 149 149 147 146 144 143 142 142 141 141 140 140 75 | 154 152 149 147 146 144 143 141 140 139 138 137 137 136 136 80 | 153 150 148 145 143 142 140 138 136 185 134 133 132 132 132 85 | 152 149 146 143 141 199 198 195 183 131 130 129 128 127 127 90 | 151 147 144 141 189 197 195 131 129 127 126 125 124 123 123 95 | 150 146 142 139 137 134 132 128 126 124 122 121 120 119 118 100 | 149 145 141 197 194 192 129 125 122 120 118 116 15 14 113 110 | 147 142 137 183 180 127 124 119 115 113 111 108 107 105 105 120 | 144 199 134 129 126 122 119 113 109 106 104 101 99 97 96 390 | 142 136 131 126 121 118 114 108 108 99 97 94 «91 89 «88 14o | 140 138 128 122 118 118 110 108 97 9 91 87 85 82 Sl 150 | 198 131 124 119 114 109 105 98 92 88 @5 61 78 76 7% 160 | 136 128 121 115 110 106 101 93 87 83 80 75 73 70 68 170 | 184 126 119 112 107 102 98 89 83 79 75 70 68 64 63 180 | 131 123 116 109 104 99 94 85 79 74 71 66 63 60 58 190 | 129 121 113 106 lot 95 91 82 75 71 67 62 939 55 ot 200 | 127 118 111 104 98 92 98 79 72 67 63 58 $5 51 50 210 |125 116 108 101 95 90 85 76 69 64 60 55 52 48 46 220 | 123 114 106 99 92 87 82 73 66 61 57 52 49 «4543 230 | 122 112 108 96 90 8 80 70 63 58 55 49 46 42 40 240 |120 110 101° 94 87 62 77 68 61 56 52 47 43 «40 38 250 | 118 108 99 $2 85 80 75 65 59 54 50 “4 41 37) 35 ago | 16 106 97 89 88 77 73 G3 87 52 48 42 99 95 38 270 | 114 104 95 87 Bt 75 71 61 55 50 46 41 37 33 31 280 | 113 102 93 85 79 73° 69 59 53 48 44 39 35 32 30 goo [111 100 91 8 77 72 67 5B 51 46 42 37 34 30 2 300 | 109 98 89 7 70 65 56 49 45 41 36 82 29 2