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michael reynolds
 S U S TA I N A B L E
AU TO N O M Y
FOR
E V E RYO N E
Michael Reynolds has been a world leader in sustainable architecture for over 40 years. He designs and
builds fully self-sufficient homes made from a significant amount of natural and recycled materials. These
homes are called Earthships and have been built around the world. Earthships heat and cool themselves
passively, produce their own electricity, collect their own water, treat their own sewage and grow a
significant amount of their own food. Michael is responsible for design and systems evolutions, leading
his team on disaster relief projects, adapting building techniques to suit any climate it the world and
teaching the philosophy behind living harmoniously with the planet. He is the initiator of three Earthship
Communities, author of seven books, subject of the feature length documentary Garbage Warrior
and the drafter of the Sustainable Development Testing Sites Act. In 2011 he founded the Earthship
Biotecture Academy to educate students from around the world.
History

Michael Reynolds came to Taos, New Mexico after finishing Architecture School in 1969. At the time
Taos was still the “Wild West” with a pioneer spirit and no building regulations. Inspired by television
news stories on the problem of trash and the lack of affordable housing, Michael created the “can brick”.
10 empty cans wired together, 4 flat and four unflattened, wired together to make a free brick, a free
unit of space with which to build. Continuous experimentation with these ideas eventually evolved into
what is now known as Earthships.
 Principles Solar Heat
Principles Recycled Materials

The walls of an Earthship are built with used automobile tires rammed with earth. These walls are This building heats and cools itself naturally without burning fossil fuels or having any utility bills.  The
the load bearing walls for the roof and also serve as the foundation for the building. These building constant temperature of the earth itself helps stabilize the building.  The living spaces are surrounded on
blocks are filled and compacted in place and staggered like bricks. Each Earthship uses between 500- three sides with thermal mass in the form of used automobile tires rammed with earth.  More earth is
5,000 tires. Small interior walls of the Earthship may be made from aluminum cans or glass bottles. buried behind these walls, then insulated.
Earthen plaster (adobe) is used for the interior of many of the buildings Other Earthship projects In the winter, glass along the whole south side of the building allows in more sun, which heats the mass of
have incorporated sheep’s wool insulation, metal paneling from discarded household appliances, adobe the very thick walls.  When the temperature in the room drops below the temperature in the walls, heat
bricks for interior walls, straw bales as insulation for unburied tire walls, and reclaimed materials from is released into the space.  In the summer, with the sun high in the sky, direct light enters only in to the
demolition sites, etc area designated for plants.  The natural temperature of the earth cools the building.  Natural ventilation
from operable windows, skylights and vent tubes provide additional cooling.
Principles Energy Collection

Principles Water Harvesting

This building is completely “off the grid” meaning it is not attached to any main utility lines. Every Earthship harvests all of its own water from rain and snow that falls of the roof. This
It produces all of its electric power with solar panels (windmills can also be used). These water is stored in cisterns buried outside the building. The water then gravity-feeds a panel
onsite renewable energy sources charge a bank of batteries in the systems room. The Power called the Water Organizing Module. This unit filters, pressurizes and pumps the water to
Organizing Module distributes energy from the batteries throughout the house. Super fixtures throughout the building and to the solar hot water heater mounted on the roof.
efficient lighting, pumps and refrigeration reduce the energy load. Natural lighting and natural An Earthship uses all of its water four times. This water harvesting help preserve existing
heating and cooling are also part of “designed down” energy requirements. aquifers and may be used in climates that get as little as 8 inches a year of annual precipitation.
Principles Water & Sewage

An Earthship uses all of its water four times and treats it on site in contained sewage treatment planters.
Once-used water from the sinks and shower travel through a grease and particle filter into interior grey
water treatment planters. As the grey water travels through the rubber lined planters it grows plants,
is aerated by the plant roots and cleaned up enough to be used for toilet flushing. A pump panel at
the end of the planter draws cleaned grey water from a well and fills the toilet tank for flushing. The
black water from the toilet then goes outside to a conventional septic tank which overflows in to a
rubber-lined planter. Plants are grown with black water and ground water supplies are protected from
contamination.
Principles Food Production

In an Earthship’s interior grey water planters you are able to grow food year round. Tropical plants
such as banana trees and hibiscus flourish even when there is snow outside. Earthship residents pick
fresh and organic produce for any meal! The latest Earthship design, the Phoenix, features expanded
capabilities with a second greenhouse, tilapia pond, and over one-third of the total square footage
dedicated to food production
Dynasphere

The Dynasphere is the fourth generation of a vertical axis windmill designed by Michael Reynolds.
Earlier models produced power for 20 years. These windmills have two 1.5 KW generators and can
produce electricity at very low speeds. They are quiet, reliable and need very little maintenance. There
will be a dynasphere for power production on the Czech Earthship project.
The Nautilus

The Nautilus Earthship design was based on the Fibonacci series and the floor plan resembles a
chambered Nautilus shell. It was built from the ground up on a lava rock site with rammed earth tires
sheathed in straw bales. The spiral shaped floor plan wraps around a bedroom loft with a fireplace. The
tire wall bends back in reverse to form a cistern for water storage.
The Hut

The Hut Earthship is two Earthship Hut Modules connected by a sloped face greenhouse. This design
evolved after a hurricane-relief project in Honduras. The Huts are built with circular shaped rooms
built with tire walls. The domed roof structures are built on the ground with steel rebar bent, wired
together, sheathed in wire mesh and lifted in place on top of the tire walls. The roof is then plastered
with cement.
Hybrid Model

The Hybrid Earthship combines the simplicity of the Packaged Earthship with the sculptural qualities of
the Modular Earthship. The Hybrid Earthship design was used both in Taos, New Mexico and Brighton,
England. The round bedroom is a Hut Earthship Module and could be built as a small stand-alone
shelter for disaster relief or built and later added on to. The Hybrid also marked the beginning of
experimenting with the double greenhouse concept. The outer angled glass provides an area for water
treatment and food production while also creating a thermal buffer between the inside living space and
the outside temperature.
Global Model

The Global Earthship design evolved from an Earthship project in Normandy, France in 2007. The
Global Earthship is aimed at performing in almost any climate around the world. The main evolutions
to this design include a north-sloping roof to simplify construction and the use of underground cooling
tubes and convection skylights which work together to provide ventilation and natural air conditioning
for the building. The Global Model Earthship has been built in Holland, Mexico, Canada and across the
USA. Plans are underway to build an Earthship City based on the Global Model Earthship in Turkey.
The Phoenix

The Phoenix Earthship is a 5300 square foot custom Earthship based on the “U” module. The building
has over 1/3 of is area dedicated to food production. It has 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms and has been
an Earthship nightly rental since 2006. People from all over the world have come to stay in it for a night
or more to experience off-grid living in a luxurious environment.
Earthship Village Ecologies EVE

Kurt Schmidt Kurt Schmidt

EVE is a planned high-density community where 25 people will live, work and grow their own food. This
is an attempt to address an additional issue beyond power, water, sewage, and comfort...the economy.
This project is located on the world’s first Sustainable Development Testing Site. Michael Reynolds’ fight
to get the law for this site passed is the central story in the documentary, Garbage Warrior. On this
test site we are able to experiment with methods of sustainable living without having to go through the
conventional permitting process. This helps evolve systems more rapidly and bring down costs.
Simple Survival

The Simple Survival Earthship is designed to provide comfortable shelter, clean water, contained sewage
and basic solar power for lights and charging small electronics at a very low price. This building uses
simple systems developed for the earthquake-relief demonstration project in Haiti. The Simple Survival
Earthship is based on the “U” module and can be built with one, two or three rooms. The Earthship
Academy build the first Simple Survival then another was built in the Czech Republic by the crew and
volunteers.
Earthship Demonstration Projects

Earthship Biotecture has designed and built successful projects that demonstrate sustainable,
autonomous technology in: Japan, Bolivia, Scotland, Belgium, England, France, Spain, The Netherlands,
Guatemala, Nicaragua, Jamaica, Bonaire, Canada and China. Earthship Biotecture has also built Disaster
Relief projects in Honduras, Mexico, India (after the tsunami) and Haiti (after the earthquake). Current
projects include a school in Sierra Leone, an earth monastery in the Czech Republic, a home for a
wildfire victim in Australia and a residence in New York City.
Demo Build Haiti

After the devastating earthquake in Haiti, Earthship Biotecture was invited to build a demonstration
project on the grounds of an existing non-profit in Port-au-Prince. During the time in Haiti, Earthship
Biotecture trained 30 Haitians the techniques of building self-sufficient housing from garbage and rubble
from the earthquake. The greatest advances in Earthship systems happened on this project in the realm
of simple survival. Power and water systems were streamlined and built for a small fraction of the cost
required in a “first world” home.
Demo Build Sierra Leone

In October 2011, Michael Reynolds led a small team from Earthship Biotecture to Sierra Leone to
begin construction of a Waldorf School for local children. The team was assisted by intern volunteers
from around the world and by local people who learned how to replicate the design. The floor plan
for this building was based on an 8 petaled flower. Each petal will be a classroom. Over the course
of two weeks, the team completed 2 of the classrooms. By December, the local crew had completed
2 more “petals” (classrooms). Michael Reynolds believes this to be the most successful Earthship
Demonstration Project to date as the locals have been able to replicate the design and continue
construction after the crew’s departure.
Earthship Academy

The Earthship Academy was founded in 2011 and is an international school dedicating to teaching the
philosophical, scientific and pragmatic concepts behind Earthship construction. Students spend time
in the classroom and on construction sites learning how to build completely off-grid structures from
natural and recycled materials. The Earthship Academy campus is located in Taos, New Mexico with
plans underway to open up a second campus in the Southern Hemisphere.
Photo Credits
Michael Reynolds
Kirsten Jacobsen
Bert Eke
Michelle Locher
Patrizo Sorrentino
Jonah Reynolds
Alix Henry
Wei Quek
Kurt Schmidt

“Caring is the seed of a new Reality.”

- michael reynolds
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