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Last Lecture: The Electric Dipole Electric Feld Due To A Dipole Electric Dipole Moment

The document discusses continuous charge distributions and electric fields produced by them. It introduces volume, surface, and linear charge densities to describe charge distributed continuously in space. Examples are given of calculating electric fields from a ring of charge and a power line. The effects of electric fields on charged particles and dipoles are also summarized, including how dipoles align in fields and how dielectrics reduce internal fields.

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yeshi janexo
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16 views

Last Lecture: The Electric Dipole Electric Feld Due To A Dipole Electric Dipole Moment

The document discusses continuous charge distributions and electric fields produced by them. It introduces volume, surface, and linear charge densities to describe charge distributed continuously in space. Examples are given of calculating electric fields from a ring of charge and a power line. The effects of electric fields on charged particles and dipoles are also summarized, including how dipoles align in fields and how dielectrics reduce internal fields.

Uploaded by

yeshi janexo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Last lecture

The electric dipole


Electric feld due to a dipole
Electric dipole moment

This lecture
Continuous charge distributions

Matter in electric felds


Continuous charge
distributions use calculus
So far we have only considered the
electric feld that is produced by one, or
perhaps a few, point charges
Volume charge density  = q/V
Surface charge density =
q/A
Linear charge density  = q/L
Continuous charge
distributions

Here dq =  dV and the integration is over a


volume.
If the charge is distributed on a surface or a charge
Volume line, we use
density  = dq/dV
dq =  dA or dq =  dL Surface charge density  =dq/dA
Linear charge density  = dq/dL
Example 20.6 p 337
A ring shaped conductor
with radius a carries
charge Q uniformly
distributed around it.
Find the electric feld at
point P that lies on the
axis of the ring.

Do on board
Example 20.7 p 337 Line Charge: a
power line’s feld
A long, straight electric power line
coincides with the x axis and carries a
uniform line charge density λ (unit:
C/m).
θ
Find the electric feld on the y axis
using the approximation that the wiresinθ
is infnitely long.
Please read through this
example in the textbook.
We will do a similar one in
Wednesday’s workshop.
20. 5 Matter in electric felds
To study the role of electric felds we need to separate two diferent tasks:
1) calculating the electric feld produced by a given distribution of charge
2) calculating the force that a given feld exerts on a charge placed in it.
We have so far considered 1) with the electric feld (from Coulomb’s Law)
due to
Now we will
• a point charge (done last lecture) consider 2) – what
• an electric dipole happens to charges
placed in an existing
• a line of charge (external) feld.
• a charged disk (in Wed Workshop)
20.5 Matter in electric felds
What happens to a charged particle when it is in an electric
feld produced by other stationary or slowly moving chargesr

An electrostatic force acts on the particle

F=qE
in which q is the charge of the particle (including its sign) and E
is the electric feld that the other particles have produced at
the position of the particle (an external feld).
A positive charge that is free to move but is at
rest in an electric feld E will
A. accelerate in the direction perpendicular to
E
B. remain at rest
C. accelerate in the direction opposite to E
D. accelerate in the same direction asAnswer:
E D
E. do none of the above
CHECKPOINT:
(a) What is the direction of the
electrostatic force on the electron
due to the electric feld shownr
(b) In which direction will the electron
accelerate if it is moving parallel to
the y axis before it encounters the A left
electric feldr A increase
B right
(c) If, instead, the electron is initially B decrease
moving rightward, will its speed C up
increase, decrease, or remain C constant
constantr Answers: (a) left D down
(b) left (c) decrease
Millikan’s oil-drop apparatus for
measuring elementary charge
(1910-1913)

An ink-jet printer

Example 20.8 in Wolfson: electrostatic analyser with curved


plates
The fgure show the path of negatively charged particle 1
through a rectangular region of uniform electric feld; the
particle is defected towards the top of the page.
Is the feld directed
A. leftward
B. rightward
C. upward or Three other charged particles are shown
approaching the region of electric feld.
D. downwardr
Which are defected towards the top and
which towards the bottomr
Electric dipoles in
electric felds
An H2O molecule has a
permanent electric
dipole moment that
points in the direction
from the centre of
Polar molecules have
negative charge to the
permanent electric dipole
centre of positive charge
moments
A dipole in a uniform electric feld experiences
equal and opposite forces that tend to rotate the
dipole so that its dipole moment is aligned with
the electric feld (torque).
Field E causes a torque  on
the dipole. The direction of
the torque is into the page,
which we show by the symbol
. This defnes the direction
of rotation. =pxE

See more on torques in Wolfson 10.2,


p158
Nonpolar molecules have
no permanent dipole moment.
In an external electric feld, E,
the charges within the
molecule become separated
in space……it acquires an
induced dipole moment
parallel to E. It is said to be
polarised.
Here, F1 > F2

In a non-uniform electric
feld the dipole
experiences a net force.
Here the point charge
polarises a nonpolar
molecule and attracts it
Dipoles in feld Dipole B aligns with
of another the feld of dipole A,
then experiences a
dipole net force towards A
Dielectrics

Molecular dipoles in
a dielectric align with
the external feld
and reduce the net
feld within the
dielectric
Applications (see p340):
microwave cooking and
liquid crystals

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