Refining & Marketing

Outre-Mer
Logistic Division

FIRE-FIGHTING
GUIDELINES

Liquid hydrocarbon depots

Date Revision Purpose of the modification

19/12/2006 03 Major updated and fit revision

11/02/2005 01 Original issue

Owned by: RM/OM/LA/LOG

Author: MAUVERNAY Stéphane Business Engineer

Validation: COMYN Vincent Head of Logistic Department

Validation: NOAILLY Pierre Logistic / Approvisionment Department Manager

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CONTENTS

1. OBJECT _________________________________________________________________ 6
2. DEFINITIONS ____________________________________________________________ 7
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS _______________________________________________ 9
3.1. Regulatory texts ________________________________________________________ 9
3.2. Norms ________________________________________________________________ 9
3.3. Total Outre-Mer technical documents ______________________________________ 10
3.3.1. Specifications _____________________________________________________ 10
3.3.2. Procedures _______________________________________________________ 10
3.3.3. Construction standards ______________________________________________ 11
3.4. Other documents_______________________________________________________ 11
3.5. Total Outre-Mer rule ___________________________________________________ 12
4. FF SIZING ______________________________________________________________ 13
4.1. Hazard study__________________________________________________________ 13
4.2. Internal Emergency Plan (IEP) / Scenarios __________________________________ 13
4.3. Networks ____________________________________________________________ 14
4.4. Water flow rate________________________________________________________ 14
4.4.1. Protection/cooling zone _____________________________________________ 14
4.4.2. Application rate of cooling water / thermal screens ________________________ 16
4.4.3. Premix application rate______________________________________________ 17
4.5. Fire-fighting water resources _____________________________________________ 18
4.5.1. Liquid hydrocarbon depots in Category B, C or D1________________________ 18
4.5.2. Liquid hydrocarbon depot in category C2 only or C2 and D2 _______________ 18
4.6. Foam agent resources ___________________________________________________ 19
4.7. Foam agent flow rate ___________________________________________________ 19
5. DESIGN RULES _________________________________________________________ 19
5.1. Fire-fighting water pumping _____________________________________________ 19
5.1.1. Fire-fighting water pumps ___________________________________________ 19
5.1.1.1. Number of fire-fighting water pumps ________________________________ 20
5.1.1.2. Discharge pressure of fire-fighting water pumps________________________ 20
5.1.2. Motorization of fire-fighting water pumps_______________________________ 22
5.1.2.1. Diesel engines __________________________________________________ 22
5.1.2.2. Electrical motors ________________________________________________ 22
5.1.3. Pump starting _____________________________________________________ 22
5.1.4. Pump station ______________________________________________________ 22
5.1.4.1. Generality______________________________________________________ 22
5.1.4.2. Design ________________________________________________________ 23
5.1.4.3. Pump building __________________________________________________ 25
5.1.4.4. Jockey pump for keeping pressure into fire-fighting network ______________ 25
5.2. Production of premix ___________________________________________________ 26
5.2.1. Proportioner ______________________________________________________ 26
5.2.2. Foam pump_______________________________________________________ 27

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5.3. Fire-fighting water and foam agent reserve __________________________________ 27

5.3.1. Fire-fighting water reserve ___________________________________________ 27
5.3.2. Foam agent reserve_________________________________________________ 28
5.4. Premix / water network _________________________________________________ 30
5.4.1. Gridding and installation ____________________________________________ 30
5.4.2. Construction materials ______________________________________________ 31
5.4.3. Network sizing ____________________________________________________ 31
5.4.4. Network equipment ________________________________________________ 32
5.4.4.1. Taps and fittings_________________________________________________ 32
5.4.4.2. Fire hydrants ___________________________________________________ 32
5.4.4.3. Purges / network vents ____________________________________________ 33
5.5. Premix network _______________________________________________________ 33
5.6. Manifold _____________________________________________________________ 33
5.7. Identification _________________________________________________________ 33
5.8. Retention bunds _______________________________________________________ 33
5.8.1. Compartmenting of bunds (RAEDHL) _______________________________ 34
5.8.2. Crossings in retention bund walls or earth bund walls______________________ 34
6. PROTECTION MEANS AND EXTINGUISHING OF SYSTEMS ________________ 34
6.1. General rules__________________________________________________________ 34
6.1.1. Taps and fittings ___________________________________________________ 34
6.1.2. Vapor hydrocarbon detection _________________________________________ 35
6.1.3. Liquid hydrocarbon detection_________________________________________ 35
6.1.4. Emergency stop pushbuttons _________________________________________ 35
6.1.5. Fixed foam monitors _______________________________________________ 35
6.1.6. Water curtains_____________________________________________________ 35
6.2. Storage ______________________________________________________________ 35
6.2.1. Protection ________________________________________________________ 36
6.2.2. Extinction ________________________________________________________ 37
6.2.2.1. Fixed roof tanks _________________________________________________ 37
6.2.2.2. Floating roof tanks _______________________________________________ 38
6.2.2.3. Fixed roof tanks with floating screen_________________________________ 39
6.2.2.4. Retention bunds _________________________________________________ 40
6.3. Pump stations _________________________________________________________ 42
6.3.1. Protection ________________________________________________________ 42
6.3.1.1. Fire-fighting pump station _________________________________________ 42
6.3.1.2. Product pump room ______________________________________________ 42
6.3.2. Extinction ________________________________________________________ 42
6.4. Loading/offloading stations ______________________________________________ 42
6.4.1. Road Tankers _____________________________________________________ 42
6.4.1.1. Protection ______________________________________________________ 42
6.4.1.2. Extinguishing ___________________________________________________ 43
6.4.2. Rail Tankers ______________________________________________________ 43
6.4.2.1. Protection ______________________________________________________ 43
6.4.2.2. Extinguishing ___________________________________________________ 44
6.4.3. Boats, barges and ships______________________________________________ 44
6.5. Oil separator __________________________________________________________ 44
6.6. Pipeline terminals – scraper stations _______________________________________ 44
6.7. Buildings ____________________________________________________________ 44

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7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSUMABLES AND MOBILE

EQUIPMENT ________________________________________________________________ 45
7.1. Consumables _________________________________________________________ 45
7.1.1. Foam agent _______________________________________________________ 45
7.1.1.1. Foam agent characteristics _________________________________________ 45
7.1.1.2. Conditioning____________________________________________________ 45
7.1.1.3. Service life and checking __________________________________________ 45
7.1.1.4. Environmental impact of foam agents ________________________________ 46
7.1.2. Fire fighting water _________________________________________________ 46
7.2. Portable equipment_____________________________________________________ 46
7.2.1. Half couplings ____________________________________________________ 46
7.2.2. Portable monitors __________________________________________________ 47
7.2.3. Nozzles __________________________________________________________ 47
7.2.4. Fire-fighting hoses _________________________________________________ 47
7.2.5. Dividing devices___________________________________________________ 48
7.2.6. Fire intervention suits _______________________________________________ 48
7.2.7. Extinguishers _____________________________________________________ 49
Replacement and maintenance of portable extinguishers in depots are in the procedure OM
SEC/PRV/70. ___________________________________________________________ 49
The extinguisher specification is as follows: ___________________________________ 49
7.2.8. Actuating rod _____________________________________________________ 49
7.2.9. Operating wrench __________________________________________________ 49
7.2.10. Absorbing materials ________________________________________________ 50
7.2.10.1. Anti-pollution kit _______________________________________________ 50
7.2.10.2. Sand _________________________________________________________ 50
8. FIRE-FIGHTING ROOM__________________________________________________ 50
9. ALERTING AND COMMUNICATION MEANS ______________________________ 50
9.1. Internal links__________________________________________________________ 50
9.2. External links _________________________________________________________ 51
10. RECEPTION OF A NEW SYSTEM / DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE FOR AN
EXISTING SYSTEM __________________________________________________________ 51
10.1. Inspection of fire-fighting water pumps ___________________________________ 51
10.2. Inspection of the foam pump ___________________________________________ 51
10.3. Proportioner control __________________________________________________ 52
10.4. Implementation of scenarios____________________________________________ 52
11. OPERATING RULES ___________________________________________________ 52
11.1. General rules________________________________________________________ 52
11.2. Training ___________________________________________________________ 53
11.3. Maintenance of FF equipment and facilities _______________________________ 53
11.4. Mandatory fire-fighting drills___________________________________________ 53
11.5. Fire-fighting register__________________________________________________ 53
11.6. Identification and condition of valves ____________________________________ 53
11.7. Guards-Security _____________________________________________________ 54
11.8. Works _____________________________________________________________ 54
APPENDICES__________________________________________________________________ 55
1. APPENDIX 1 - CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS _____________ 56

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2. APPENDIX 2 - CALCULATION MEMORANDUM OF FLOW RATES IN CASE OF

TANK FIRE _________________________________________________________________ 58
2.1. Premix flow rate to extinguish a tank on fire _________________________________ 58
2.2. Cooling flow rate of the tank on fire _______________________________________ 58
2.3. Protection flow rate for neighboring tanks ___________________________________ 58
3. APPENDIX 3 - CALCULATION MEMORANDUM FOR WATER FLOW RATES IN
CASE OF A BUND FIRE ______________________________________________________ 59
3.1. Premix flow rate for control of the bund on fire_______________________________ 59
3.2. Water flow rate for the protection of neighboring systems ______________________ 59
3.3. Water flow rate for the bund on fire________________________________________ 59
4. APPENDIX 4 - GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR FIRE-FIGHTING PLAN ____________ 60
5. APPENDIX 5 - LIQUID HYDROCARBON DEPOT – TYPICAL FIRE-FIGHTING
PLAN _______________________________________________________________________ 62
6. APPENDIX 6 - CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS ______________________________ 64
7. APPENDIX 7 - TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION – MIXED UNPLUGGABLE
SPRAYERS__________________________________________________________________ 77
8. APPENDIX 8 - FITTING OUT AND OPERATING RULES FOR liquid hydrocarbon
depots, with a global fictive capacity of more than 1 000 m3 (RAEDHL), ORDERS DATED
NOVEMBER 9, 1972 AND NOVEMBER 19, 1975 (EXCERPTS) _____________________ 78
9. APPENDIX 9 - TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION DATED 9 NOVEMBER 1989
CONCERNING EXISTING FLAMMABLE LIQUID DEPOTS ______________________ 87
10. CIRCULAR DATED 6 MAY 1999 RELATED TO THE EXTINGUISHING OF
FLAMMABLE LIQUID FIRES – SYSTEMS CLASSIFIED FOR PROTECTION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT _____________________________________________________________ 91

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1. OBJECT

This document has been prepared by the TOM Logistic department and is intended for Total
Outre-Mer subsidiaries (excluding DOM-TOM subject to strict French regulations). The
document will guide subsidiaries in the design, choice of equipment and operation of fire-
fighting (FF) systems in liquid hydrocarbon depots.

In the subsidiaries involved, the fire-fighting systems in depots are at a performance level
varying according to their age, design and local regulations, where such existent.

To ensure that a satisfactory safety level exists in compliance with the safety policy of the
TOTAL group, guidelines that constitute an acceptable base for FF in all liquid hydrocarbon
depots must be available.

The purpose of this document is to define technical choices that may be used by all
subsidiaries to:
o design new FF systems
o diagnose the level of their existing FF systems
o upgrade existing FF systems
o purchase FF equipment

Also, this document sets down the internal facilities that must be available in a depot in case
of an accident, especially the foam and fire-fighting water resources.

Any project for a new system or modification to an existing FF system must be forwarded to
the TOM Logistic department for opinion and validation prior to starting works or equipments
purchase.

Reference is made to standards and equipment specifications we recommend.

Safety of personnel, property and the environment is a major priority of the group and
consequently the fire-fighting systems must be permanently operational and efficient.
To achieve this goal, training, routine performance of the exercises defined in the IEP
(Internal Emergency Plan) and thorough serious maintenance of equipment are mandatory.

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2. DEFINITIONS

9 Bund net surface area

The net surface area of a bund is the gross surface area, less the surface area of the tanks
installed in this bund.

9 Bund total surface area

The gross surface area of a bund is the area calculated using its geometrical dimensions,
without taking into account the tanks installed in this bund.

9 Classification of hydrocarbons
Liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons are classified in four categories: A, B, C and D (see
appendix 1) according to their physical state.

9 Concentration
This is the desired proportion of foam agent in water. For example, a 3% foam agent means
that it is necessary to add 3 parts of foam agent to 97 parts of water to produce the foaming
solution at the correct concentration.

9 Expansion factor
This is the ration between the volume of foam produced and the volume of premix.
• Low expansion factor: 5 to 15
• Medium expansion factor: 50 to 200
• High expansion factor: 300 to 1000
For example: if 100 liters of premix produce 1 m3 of foam, the expansion factor is 10.

9 Extinguishing foam
Foam is an emulsion made by assembling air bubbles in an aqueous envelope. Foam is
made with water, air and foam agent.

9 Foam agent
A foam agent is a chemical preparation which, when added in suitable proportions to water,
makes an extinguishing foam through the incorporation of air.

9 Foam application rate

This is the minimum flow rate of premix to use per surface unit to extinguish a fire. This rate
is given in l/m²/min.

9 Nozzle monitor
Nozzle monitors consist of a monitor and water stream delivery equipment (branch pipe,
turbo head, etc…). They are either fixed (flanged inlet), portables or maneuverable (in the
depot), or towable (on the road) and can incorporate a hydraulic powered swiveling head or
be manually positioned.

9 Polar products
The following are considered as polar products: petrol and fuels containing more than 5%
oxygenated products (example: methanol, ETBE…)

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9 Portable monitor
There are three types of portable monitors:
• The portable water monitor comprising a branch pipe and a valve. The
monitor operates in three different positions (shut off, solid water jet, sprayed
water jet)
• The mixed water or foam portable monitor (low expansion factor) called
VFRM (variable flow rate monitor) enabling adjustment of the water jet (solid
water jet to sprayed water jet). The flow rate from this monitor is either fixed
or variable.
• The portable fixed flow rate foam monitor (low and medium expansion factor).

9 Premix or foaming solution

This is a water solution incorporating the required amount of foam agent.

9 RAEDHL
Fitting out and operating French rules for liquid hydrocarbon depots.

9 Retention bund
A retention bund is designed to collect accidental hydrocarbons spillage from tanks

9 Worst scenario
The worst scenario is the scenario from the hazard study the most penalizing in terms of
equipment and personnel resources to implement to fight a fire.

9 Zone 0 (*)
Zone where an explosive mixture of gas or vapor is located permanently (the gaseous phase
inside a closed tank or recipient constitutes a zone “0”).

9 Zone 1 (*)
Zone where an explosive mixture of gas or vapor is likely to form during normal operation of
the system.

9 Zone 2 (*)
Zone where an explosive mixture of gas or vapors can only occur when the system operates
abnormally (leak or operating error).

(*) as per new international regulations CEI 79.10 (1995), decree dated the 19/12/1988 and
decree dated the 29/11/1991.

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3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

3.1. Regulatory texts

Reference Description
Decrees dated 09/11/72 • Fitting out and operating rules for liquid hydrocarbon depots,
and 19/11/75 o with global fictive capacity at least equal to 1000 m3
(RAEDHL) o with global fictive capacity more than 1000 m3
Circular dated 09/11/89 Technical instruction dated November 9, 1989
(IT 89)
Circular dated 06/05/99 Circular dated May 6, 1999

3.2. Norms

Existing fire norms are given to readers; all of them are not applicable over Total Outre-Mer
perimeter.

Reference Title Revision

NF E 29-572 Quarter turn connections 04/1969
NF E 29-579 Piping. Fittings with rounded thread 11/1987
NF EN 1568-1 Fire extinguishing media - Foam concentrates - Part 1 : 03/2001
specification for medium expansion foam concentrates Update planned
for surface application to water-immiscible liquids 10/2007
NF EN 1568-2 Fire extinguishing media - Foam concentrates - Part 2 : 03/2001
specification for high expansion foam concentrates for Update planned
surface application to water-immiscible liquids 03/2008
NF EN 1568-3 Fire extinguishing media - Foam concentrates - Part 3 : 03/2001
specification for low expansion foam concentrates for Update planned
surface application to water-immiscible liquids 03/2008
NF EN 1568-4 Fire extinguishing media - Foam concentrates - Part 4 : 03/2001
specification for low expansion foam concentrates for Update planned
surface application to water-miscible liquids 03/2008
NF EN 54-10 Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 10 : flame 04/2002
Et A1 detectors - point detectors Update planned
03/06
NF EN 671-1 Fixed firefighting systems - Hose systems - Part 1 : hose 09/2001
reels with semi-rigid hose Update planned
12/2007
NF EN 671-3 Fixed firefighting systems - Hose systems - Part 3 : 05/2000
maintenance of hose reels with semi-rigid hose and Update planned
hose systems with lay-flat hose 12/2007
NF EN 694 Fire-fighting hoses - Semi-rigid hoses for fixed systems 12/2001
NF EN 14384 Pillar hydrant. (old NF S 61-213) 04/2007
NF EN 14339 Ground hydrant 100. (old NF S 61-211) 04/2007
NF S61-702 Fire fighting equipment - Types of coupling used 05/1965
NF S61-703 Fire fighting equipment. Fixed, symmetricals, flanged 09/1990
half-couplings. Characteristics

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Reference Title Revision

NF S61-704 Fire fighting equipment. Self-sealing symmetrical half 04/1966
couplings, sizes 40 and 65 (DSP)
NF S61-705 Fire fighting equipment. Self-sealing symmetrical half 04/1966
couplings, size 100. Type AR
NF S61-932 Fire safety systems (F.S.S.). Installation requirements 09/1993
NF S62-201 Fire fighting equipment - Fire hose reel - Installation and 09/2005
maintenance requirements
NF EN 12845 Fixed firefighting systems - Automatic sprinkler systems 12/2004
- Design, installation and maintenance
NF S61-112 Fire fighting equipment . Discharge flexible hoses - 25 - 09/1975 et
+A1 36,5 - 45 - 70 - 110 05/1977
NF EN ISO Fire-fighting hoses - Rubber and plastics suction hoses 03/2003
14557 and hose assemblies
NF S61-521 Fire and rescue services equipment - Wheeled hose 10/2002 et
+A1 reels used for fire-fighting 05/2006
NF S61-702 Fire fighting equipment - Types of coupling used. 05/1965
NF S61-703 Fire fighting equipment. Fixed, symmetricals, flanged 09/1990
half-couplings. Characteristics.
NF S61-704 Fire fighting equipment. Self-sealing symmetrical half 04/1966
couplings, sizes 40 and 65
NF S61-705 Fire fighting equipment. Self-sealing symmetrical half 04/1966
couplings, size 100. Type AR.
NF S61-820 Firefighting and rescue service equipment - Hand-held 01/2001
nozzles for fire-fighting
NF S63-110 Fire and rescue service equipment - Towable motor- 12/2006
driver fire pumps.
NF EN 1866 Mobile fire extinguishers 04/2006

3.3. Total Outre-Mer technical documents

3.3.1. Specifications

Reference Title
OMLOG-SPEC-001-an Fire-fighting water motor driven pump unit
OMLOG-SPEC-002-an Foam agent motor driven pump unit
OMLOG-SPEC-003-an Foam agent storage tank
OMLOG-SPEC-004-an Fire-fighting equipment
OMLOG-SPEC-005-an Anti-pollution kit
OMLOG-SPEC-006-an Fixed proportioner
OMLOG-SPEC-007-an Piping and fitting for depots fire fighting lines (LU1-CS-AN)

OMLOG-SPEC-009-an Fire-fighting suit

OMLOG-SPEC-010-an Automatic proportioner
OMLOG-SPEC-011-an Foam agent

3.3.2. Procedures

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Reference Title
SEC/DEP/50 Internal emergency plan
SEC/DEP/52 Fire safety
SEC/DEP/65 Emergency stop
SEC/DEP/70 Depot extinguisher replacement and maintenance
SEC/DEP/90 Mandatory fire-fighting drills
SEC/PRV/90 Mandatory provisions for services and works carried out in depots
by contractors
(SEC/PRV/90 DT1 to 9) And associated documents

3.3.3. Construction standards

IMPORTANT NOTA: all standards are up to date at the date of creation of guideline. Don’t
forget to check if they are always in force before using them.
Reference Title
OMLOG-STD-165-an Fire arrester manhole on oily water network
OMLOG-STD-167-an Stone trap
OMLOG-STD-194-an Fire hydrant DN 100 2 x 65 and 1 x 100
OMLOG-STD-196-an Fire hydrant DN 150 1 x 65 and 2 x 100
OMLOG-STD-240-an Tank bund water discharge manhole
OMLOG-STD-275-an Bund wall – cold pipe fire arrester passage
OMLOG-STD-283-an Fire hydrant 2 x DN 65
OMLOG-STD-293-an Pipe openings in a wall
OMLOG-STD-308 (1&2) -an Tank foam agent generator
OMLOG-STD-315-an Symbols representing fire-fighting protection equipment
OMLOG-STD-316-an Installation of tank fire ring
OMLOG-STD-317-an Diagram of fire-fighting system

3.4. Other documents

Reference Title
GESIP Report Calculation method for the extinguishing rate of flammable liquid
No.99.02 fires – Circular dated May 6, 1998 – Revised 2002
GESIP Report Absorption of thermal radiation emitted by a fire using a water
No.03.01 spray curtain
GESIP Report Range of foam generators used for fire protection of flammable
No.03.02 liquid tank retention bunds
GESIP Report GESIP method guidelines for writing of the Internal Emergency
No.96.02 Plan of a Flammable Product Storage Center (Depot) or Small
Industrial Company, Reissued Guide 2001
GESIP Report Recommendations for the protection of industrial centers against
No.94.02 the effects of lightning – updated October 2000
GESIP Report Recommendations for the use of the UFIP method guide on how
No.00.04 to carry out danger studies in refineries, storage of liquefied and
liquid products
Guide TOM-HSEQ of Method guidelines for calculating of the major accident danger
December 2005 zones on hydrocarbon depot and LPG depot of Total Outre-Mer.

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Method guidelines of Method guide for hazard analysis of Industrial Safety Group
DSER – 12/2005 department

Reference Title
NFPA Rule National Fire Protection Association
NFC Rule National Fire Code
APSAD General Assembly of Property and Casualty Insurance Companies

3.5. Total Outre-Mer rule

The rule applicable in the Total Outre-Mer perimeter is as follows:

RAEDHL IT 89 Circular
(**) May 6, 1999
Existing depots
less than 1500 m3
Applicable (*) Non applicable
and more than
100 m3
Existing depots (*)
greater than or Joint study with the
Applicable Non applicable
equal to 1500 m3 TOM Logistic
department
New depots To study conjointly with
Applicable Applicable the TOM Logistic
department
Small depots less
than 100 m3 of Rules above not applicable
equivalent Standard decree 253 (section 1430) to respect
capacity

(*) Some points in the RAEDHL (Liquid hydrocarbons) are out of date and systematically
replaced by IT 89; see details below and in appendices 8 and 9.
(**) RAEDHL (Liquid hydrocarbons) specifications are the basic minimum requirements.

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4. FF SIZING

4.1. Hazard study

Without any obligation to follow European regulations, a brief hazard study must be carried
out for each depot, according to the principles defined below.

The hazard study must describe the type and scope of consequences, for the environment
and the population involved, which may occur following a hypothetical accident. The
assumptions, the accident scenarios and the methods used to estimate the consequences
must be clearly explained. The study must take into account the characteristics of the
location.
Also, it is necessary to include in the scope of the study the causes of accidents such as
earthquakes, lightning, flooding, malicious intent, attacks and hazards related to the
proximity of dangerous systems or liquid hydrocarbons or dangerous goods transport
facilities (pipelines).

With regard to complex systems or for more details, it is better to refer in the preferential
order either to the method guide for hazard analysis (guide revision 0, 2005-02-12) or to the
UFIP method guide on the "Carrying out of danger studies in refineries, storage of liquefied
and liquid products".

4.2. Internal Emergency Plan (IEP) / Scenarios

The Internal Emergency Plan, also called IEP, is prepared by the Depot Manager of the
concerned site under his responsibility. The purpose of the plan is to organize fire-fighting
in the depot enclosure and shall detail organizational steps, fire-fighting methods and the
facilities necessary that the Depot Manager must implement at the location to protect the
personnel, the facilities, the population and the environment. Also, the plan details the
emergency steps under the responsibility of the Depot Manager, with regard to
communicating and informing the public, the departments and administrative services
involved.

The IEP is written based on scenarios identified and quantified in the hazard study.

In case of an accident, the Depot Manager triggers and applies his IEP.

All Total depots of the Outre-Mer perimeter must have an IEP up to date.

Total Outre-Mer has distributed a writing guide for the IEP - see procedure SEC/DEP/50.
With complex systems or to obtain more details, it is better to refer to the guide edited by the
GESIP "Method guide for the writing of an internal operations plan for a flammable product
storage depot or a small industrial depot, - reedited in 2001” (Ref. 96.02) and, eventually
refer to the expertise’s head office of Total Outre-Mer.

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The scenarios to take into account when calculating the size of a FF of a liquid hydrocarbon
depot are:

a) Tank fire
b) Bund fire
c) Loading/offloading station fire (tank ship, rail tanker, road tanker)
d) Pump station fire

NOTE: The IEP must cover scenarios other than those related to fire such as tank overflow,
accidental pollution, natural disasters, etc.

4.3. Networks

Several cases exist on liquid hydrocarbon depots. The depot may be equipped with:

• Either with a water network (to cool systems located close to the zone on fire) and a
premix network (for hydrocarbon fire-fighting with foam),
• Or with a mixed water/premix network (if approval received from the TOM Logistic
department
• for small capacity depots a water network with mobile foam production facilities (e.g.:
storage at customer premises)

4.4. Water flow rate

The global water flow rate that the depot must produce is equal to the sum of the water flow
rate required for cooling and the water flow rate required to produce the premix in the case
of the worst scenario in the hazard study.

Global water flow Water flow rate required Water flow rate required
rate = for cooling + for production of premix

4.4.1. Protection/cooling zone

The fire-fighting water flow rate should enable cooling of equipment located in zones defined
below.

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• In the case of a fire in a tank, radius R ( RAEDHL)

Partial or total cooling of tanks located in a circular section cylinder centered on the tank
assumed to be on fire and of a radius equal to 2.5 R, with a minimum of R+15m.

Example: tank R1, radius R, is assumed to be on fire and tanks R2 and R3 are located
totally or partially in the fictive cylinder.

Tanks R1, R2 and R3 are to be taken into account in the water flow rate calculation.
R is given in meters.

2.5 R
(with minimum R2
of R+15m)

Tank
assumed to R
be on fire

R1

R3 R4

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• In the case of a fire in the bund ( IT 89)

Protection of all works or facilities located in the zone on fire or less than 50 meters from this
zone.

Example: The bund below in red is assumed to be on fire and the pump station and tank R5
are fully or partially located in the imaginary perimeter.

The pump station and tank R5 are therefore to be included in the cooling water flow rate
calculation.

Administration
building Bund assumed on fire

Pump
station
50 m
R5

Buildings or facilities mean:

o Storage tanks
o Pump stations
o Loading/offloading stations
o Buildings
o Settling tank
o Pipeline terminals – scraper stations
o Etc.

Water flow rate calculation examples in case of a tank fire or a bund fire are included in the
appendices.

4.4.2. Application rate of cooling water / thermal screens

All hydrocarbon tanks in categories B, C or D1 (see appendix 1 for the definition of

categories) located entirely or partly in the protection zone, indicated in paragraph 4.4.1, are
water cooled at a rate of water application of 15 l/min/lm of the circumference (*).
(*) For a cylindrical tank installed horizontally, the perimeter of its vertical projection on a
horizontal plan must be taken into account.

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4.4.3. Premix application rate

Foam is injected in the bund in case of a bund fire.

Foam is injected in the tank in case of a tank fire (via the tank foam generators) and on the
shell of the tank to cool it.

The Total Outre-Mer rule concerning the premix application rate when injecting in a bund on
fire or a tank on fire is:

Hydrocarbon class Application rate

Hydrocarbons in category B(*) ; Regular ; 5 l/m²/min,
Unloaded ; Avgas ; Kerosene ; Jet A1 for class I film forming foam agents (**)
Hydrocarbons in category C1, C2 et D1(*) ; 2.5 l/m²/min,
Diesel ; FOD ; DDO ; FO2 ; Some lubricants for class I film forming foam agents (**)
Oxygenated fuels (polar liquids) ; ethanol, 7 l/m²/min,
methanol for class I film forming foam agents (**)

(*) See appendix 1 for the classification of hydrocarbons in categories.

(**) See OMLOG-SPEC-11 for foam definition.

For a tank on fire, the premix application rate on the tank on fire is 15 l/min/Lm of the
circumference (For a cylindrical tank installed horizontally, the perimeter of its vertical
projection on a horizontal plan must be taken into account)

The surface areas to take into account for the application surface area for the premix are as
follows:

Fire case Surface to take into account

Tank fire π x (D2)/4 with D diameter of the tank in m.
Bund fire Net surface of the bund
Loading gantry, Road TLS or Oily water recovery surface area (see
Rail TLS Fire diagram of a loading gantry below)
According to general rules, this surface area
is approx. 135 m² per side.
Pump station fire Total surface area of the pump station

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Surface to take into account for application of the premix:

4.5. Fire-fighting water resources

4.5.1. Liquid hydrocarbon depots in Category B, C or D1

Any liquid hydrocarbon depot in Category B, C or D1 without water resources capable of

providing immediately and continuously the flow rate defined in point 4.4 must be provided
with a tank making it possible to provide this flow rate autonomously, at least during a P
period:

Liquid hydrocarbon storage depot,

category B, C or D1, included P
between
0 10 000 m³ 90 minutes
10 000 m³ 100 000 m³ 3 hours
100 000 m³ + 6 hours

However, depending on locations and with the approval of the TOM logistic department, a
greater or smaller volume may be prescribed.

4.5.2. Liquid hydrocarbon depot in category C2 only or C2 and D2

All hydrocarbon depots in category C2 or C2 and D2 must have the water resources
capable of providing the water flow rate defined in point 4.4 for at least 90 minutes.

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4.6. Foam agent resources

The facilities maintained on the location, especially with regard to the foam agent reserve
and its implementation facilities, must make it possible to provide an extinguishing flow rate
of the worst scenario for:

• at least 40 minutes

The timing strategy is not selected for the Outre-Mer perimeter, i.e. the application rates for
extinguishing are immediately implemented.

4.7. Foam agent flow rate

Foam agent flow = Premix flow rate X Foam agent dosage

rate

5. DESIGN RULES

The design of the fire-fighting system must take into account the number of fire-fighters
available instantaneously and competent (depot operators having followed an appropriate
training course). Those persons would be able to operate the system.

Fixed equipments must be installed for fires in retention bunds and tanks. They make it
possible to reduce the setting up time, to operate at a safe distance and to reduce
hazardous operations for the staff.
Mobile equipment is acceptable:
ƒ As only fire fighting means, just for fires at the loading / offloading station and pump
house,
ƒ As spare means of a fixed system.
As far as possible, control devices must be grouped together and distant from hazardous
zones.

5.1. Fire-fighting water pumping

5.1.1. Fire-fighting water pumps

See fire-fighting water motor driven pump unit specifications (OMLOG-SPEC-001-an) being
written.

The pump or pumps must be sized to provide QE which is 110% of the water flow rate
calculated in paragraph 4.4.
The diesel pumps can’t be into Type 1 or 2 zones.

The diesel pumps will be under liquid head in relation to water storage.

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5.1.1.1. Number of fire-fighting water pumps

In all cases, the depot will be provided by a minimum of two fire fighting pumps which each
of them can deliver 110% of the flow rate calculated in paragraph 4.4. When the flow rate
required by the worst scenario exceeds 120 m³/h, and with a design implicating more than 2
pumps, an emergency extra pump must be added with similar flow rate (if there are n pumps
used to obtain the global water flow rate, n+1 pumps must be installed)

For instance:
ƒ If global water flow rate = 140 m³/h, the depot will be equipped with 2 x 160 m³/h
pumps (160 m3/h which is 114% of 140 m3/h) or 3 x 80 m3/h pumps (2 simultaneous
pumps are enough for the global water flow rate and the third is for assistance).
ƒ If global water flow rate = 200 m³/h, the depot will be equipped with 2 x 220 m³/h
pumps (220 m3/h which is 110% of 200 m3/h) or 3 x 110 m3/h pumps (2 simultaneous
pumps are enough for the global water flow rate and the third is for assistance).

In short, the number “n” of fire fighting water pump is as follow:

- the minimal value of “n” is 2
- n-1 pumps are required to obtain the water flow rate QE which is 110% of the
global water flow rate calculated in paragraph 4.4.

If the required flow rate calls for several pumps working in parallel, the number of pumps
must be worked out so that the power of the motors remains reasonable.
For example, a 500 m3/h pump is the top acceptable limit (above this size, a pump may have
starting problems and require specific maintenance).

Pumps installed in parallel must, as far a possible, have identical supply

characteristics (flow rate/pressure).

5.1.1.2. Discharge pressure of fire-fighting water pumps

The total dynamic discharge head must be calculated to keep, under all circumstances, the
maximum flow rate as defined in paragraph 4.4, a minimum pressure of 8 bar, at the highest
use point or at the point of the hydrant network with the maximum loss of charge.

On flat ground (‘’level difference between highest point and lowest point’’ 10m), the
discharge pressure read on the pressure gauge at zero throughput (discharge valve
closed) must be between 10 bar and 14 bar and at least inferior to the maximum allowable
working pressure for the flanges (PN16 or PN20). This pressure will be fixed by the area of
the depot and the loss of charges of the whole fire fighting piping (elbows, tees, pipeline).

The discharge pressure must be sufficient to ensure correct operation of fire-fighting

equipment (e.g.: monitor nozzle, water curtain, etc.)
Experience has shown that a pump dimensioned for a 120 meter total dynamic discharge
head makes it possible to supply a standard depot with the minimum 8 bar pressure at all
locations of the hydrant network.

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The correct operating ranges of FF equipment are given below for information purposes
(refer to the technical data sheets of suppliers for more details):

Equipment input
Equipment acceptable pressure
range
Retention bund foam generator between 5 and 7 bar
Tank foam generator between 4 and 6 bar (*)
Nozzle between 6 and 10 bar
Cooling ring sprayers between 1 and 4 bar
Water curtains between 5 and 10 bar

(*) The OMLOG-STD-308-an standard recommends adjustment of foam generators at 5 bar

by the supplier.

The adjustment of the equipments supply pressure is secured with calibrated restriction
orifices installed as close as possible of the equipments.

The sources and quantities of loss of head in the fire-fighting network are given below for
information purposes:

Source of loss of head Quantity of loss of head (∆P)

4" pipe with 2.5 m/s flow speed 0.6 bar / 100 m
(*)4" pipe with 5 m/s flow speed 2.3 bar / 100 m
6" pipe with 2.5 m/s flow speed 0.35 bar / 100 m
(*)6" pipe with 5 m/s flow speed 1.4 bar / 100 m
8" pipe with 2.5 m/s flow speed 0.25 bar / 100 m
(*)8" pipe with 5 m/s flow speed 1 bar / 100 m
Pipe elevation 1 bar / 10 m
Fix flow rate proportioner 30% of input pressure
Variable flow rate proportioner 10% to 15% of input pressure
Nozzle 500 l/min between 1 and 2 bar
(∆P depending on nozzle quality)
70 mm diameter fire-fighting hose (250 l/min) 0.06 bar / m
110 mm diameter fire-fighting hose 0.03 bar / m
Dividing devices 1 bar

(*) This data is given for information purposes. It is to demonstrate that flow speeds greater than or
equal to 4 m/s in pipes leading to high loss of charge should be avoided.

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5.1.2. Motorization of fire-fighting water pumps

Preference will be given to diesel engines for the whole power pumping (refer to
specification OMLOG-SPEC-001).

5.1.2.1. Diesel engines

Diesel engines must be supplied with fuel from a fuel reserve sized to ensure a minimum
range of P + 1 hour (P is defined in paragraph 4.5.1). There can be only one fuel reserve
for all units. This fuel reserve must be independent and its filling or draining must be easy.
Foundations of water pumps must been designed with a 5 to 6 the weight of the engine
(engine 1 Ton Ö foundation 6 Tons of concrete).

Rubber bellows (eg. Elaflex red ring) can be installed to absorb the fire
fighting diesel group vibration (for the outlet, they will be tied with bolts
and threaded shafts). Those rubbers must be checked regularly and
replaced systematically in case of wear (cracks, deformations, etc)
and maximum after 10 years.

5.1.2.2. Electrical motors

Electrical motors must be supplied by two separate and independent electricity sources (for
example: public network and emergency generator set of the depot).
In the case of simultaneous internal and external production, the pump supply must be
distributed between these two sources.
When there are several electric powered pumps, they must be connected to separate outlets
of the low voltage switchboard.

5.1.3. Pump starting

It must always be possible to start pumps locally.

The automatic or remote pumps starting must be studied conjointly with the TOM Logistic
Department.

5.1.4. Pump station

5.1.4.1. Generality

Pumps must be of the centrifugal type, self-priming and fitted with easy to clean filters as per
standard OMLOG-STD-323-AN. Air/water cooled pumps are preferred than water cooled
pumps (with heat exchanger). Maintenance of the air/water cooling system of the pumps is
the same than a car: to check the water level into the surge tank, to clean the cooler if
needed (be careful with the sand winds) and to check possible leaks from hoses. Water
cooling is more liable for the grade of used water (hard water, water with sediments). In
those cases, clogging could appear.

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When the water source is inexhaustible, (river, lake, sea), the pump station must be installed
closed to the source (safety of the site is important, including protection of the pump from
stealing electricity and from malevolence and vandalism).

Foot filter valves must be implemented to prevent pipes from being clogged (for example,
sea weed, clams, etc.) when seawater or brine is pumped. In addition, the installation of a
concrete collection chamber or manhole must be envisaged.

When seawater or brine is used for fire-fighting, an corrosion inhibitor must be added for the
tank storage.

All steps must be taken to prevent:

ƒ Clogging of the collection manhole and pump foot valves
ƒ Unpriming and clogging of running traps, if installed,
ƒ Clogging or sand build-up in the network.

If sea water or brine is used for fire-fighting, the depot must have a clear water buffer tank of
at least 3 times the volume of fire-fighting pipes networks in order to make it possible to rinse
those networks after carrying out the drills of the Internal Emergency Plan (IEP).

5.1.4.2. Design

To ensure correct operation of the pump, a straight section of pipe at least 6 times the
diameter of the pipe will be installed at the pump suction (see scheme below)

In case of diameter reduction, it must be an eccentric reduction as per scheme below (this to
avoid dissolved gas storage).

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At least the following will be installed:

• a filter at the inlet of each pump (between 800 and 1000 microns)
• isolating valves at the inlet and outlet of each pump
• check valve at outlet from each pump (when there are several pumps)
• systematically, a pressure gauge at the inlet and outlet of each fire-fighting pump
(according OMLOG-STD-219)
• A re-circulation circuit, with a return line to the water tank, to test correct operation of fire
units. A gate valve or restriction orifice simulates loss of head on this re-circulation circuit.

The network must be supplied by 2 isolatable outputs. Each output shall be capable of
providing the maximum flow rate required (gridded network).

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For prospective extension, it is very useful to schedule branch connections for the
installation of an emergency pump or a pump providing the additional pumping power.

5.1.4.3. Pump building

Pumps shall be enclosed in a closed room, ventilated or semi closed, or open room that is at
least covered by a roof to protect equipment from inclement weather conditions (rain, wind,
sand, etc).

Equipment must be easy to reach for maintenance and operations.

The ideal pump station is located 50 m from the fire zones. By default, the protection steps
will be implemented (water curtain, thermal effect arrester wall).

If there is a pump room close to the loading/offloading station for ships or tankers, a water
curtain protection system must be set up.
The water curtain can be made with line spades, sprayers or monitors.

5.1.4.4. Jockey pump for keeping pressure into fire-fighting network

Optionally, the pressure into water network can be kept between 6 and 8 bar with a
pressurization pump (Jockey pump) with a flow rate around 5 to 10 m3/h.

The pump is electrical powered and its supply is compulsory onto the prior electrical circuit.

When the jockey pump may be out of work, the pressure into the water fire-fighting network
can be kept with a connection to another water cooling network. A manual block valve and a
check-valve will equip this connection.

Some meters must be installed near the electrical equipment box: meter of hours and meter
of starting engine just to know the use of the pump and to detect a possible leak on the fire-
fighting network.

One of the benefits of this pump is to keep a continuous pressure helping :

• to have an instantaneous starting of the fire-fighting network
• to detect any leak on the fire-fighting network
• to prevent the network from any fast internal corrosion (wet air corroding the
non protected internal pipeline)

Its installation is recommended for wide depots.

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5.2. Production of premix

According to the characteristics of the depot, the premix production is either by:
• An on line fixed flow rate proportioner
• An automatic variable flow rate proportioner and a pump operated foam agent supply
device (see scheme below)

5.2.1. Proportioner

(refer to specification OMLOG-SPEC-006-an and OMLOG-SPEC-010-an)

The proportioner(s) is (are) installed in the fire-fighting pump room or at

the remote manifolds.

A device shall be provided to make it possible to rinse proportioners with

clear water. Proportioners must be rinsed each time they are used to
prevent clogging.
Pressure gauges at the suction of the pump and downline from fixed
proportioners (in addition of the integrated pressure gauges of the
proportionner) shall make it possible to verify the normal loss of head
during operations.
To insure good operation of the proportionner, a straight pipe length must
be provided upstream and down stream of the proportionner (see scheme
below).

5xD 3xD

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5.2.2. Foam pump

Refer to foam agent power pump unit specification (OMLOG-SPEC-002-an)

Foam pumps shall be equipped with a recycling device connected to the foam agent tank
which will also make it possible to fill the foam tank. This circuit is fitted either with 1m3/h or
an isolatable excess flow rate valve (refer to the standard plan in appendix 5).

The foam agent pumps shall be sized to provide 110% of the foam agent flow rate for the
worst scenario.
At least 2 foam agent pumps will be installed. Each pump shall be capable of providing
110% of the flow rate required.

The discharge pressure required for the foam agent pump is equal to the discharge pressure
of the fire pump plus at least two bar.

Foam pumps driven by diesel engines are preferred.

The diesel engine shall be supplied from a fuel reserve sized to ensure a minimum range of
1 hour. There can be only one fuel reserve for all units (fire and foam pumps).

5.3. Fire-fighting water and foam agent reserve

5.3.1. Fire-fighting water reserve

The fire-fighting water reserve may be constituted by:

• one or more aboveground tank supplied with town water and/or from an artesian well
• and/or an open basin
• and/or a river or the sea (*)

(*) If sea water is used for fire-fighting, the depot must have a clear water buffer tank of a
capacity at least equal to 3 times the volume of fire-fighting pipes in order to make it possible
to rinse them after carrying out the drills of the Internal Emergency Plan (IEP).

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With an above ground tank, the tank must be equipped with the following branch
connections

Line Branch connections / valves

Filling • 1 high speed filling branch connection with floating tap and
valve (as per standard OMLOG-STD-279)
Suction • 1 branch connection with valve and anti-vortex system (as
per standard OMLOG-STD-272-an)
• 1 branch connection with valve and symmetrical coupling
AR 100 (fire brigade type)
Pump test return • 1 branch connection on the last joint ring under the roof
circuit
Draining • 1 branch connection with anti-vortex system (as per
standard OMLOG-STD-278)

Others equipments are also defined as follows:

- the vents: as per standard OMLOG-STD-282
- the earth connection of the foam tank: as per standard OMLOG-STD-269
- the settling marks: as per standard OMLOG-STD-281
- draining pot: as per standard OMLOG-STD-225
- man hole: as per standard OMLOG-STD-235

The capacity of the above ground tank corresponds to the quantity of fire-fighting water
calculated in paragraph 4.5 plus 10 %.

5.3.2. Foam agent reserve

Refer to specification OMLOG-SPEC-003-an.

The foam agent is stored in a fixed above-ground tank. Depending on the locations and with
the approval of the TOM Logisitic department, the foam may be stored in 1000-liter portable
containers. In that case, the suction could be done with plunger tube.

The storage tanks of foam agents may be vertical or horizontal.

They must be equipped with:
• a visual level indicator,
• a vent,
• a bleed and a sampling tap
• a filling connector (quick disconnect coupling, type DN100 AR) for supply,

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• a low point draw-off with a ball valve

If the foam tank is horizontal, it may be compartmented to facilitate management of the foam
agent stock.

The foam agent tank may be:

• either, in carbon steel with an internal coating consistent with all type of foam;
• or, in RVA (reinforced glass fiber resin) with an internal coating (as Topcoat)
consistent with all type of foam;
• or, in stainless steel 316L with an internal coating consistent with all type of foam.

The tank is painted on the outside according to foam agent code (red).

The capacity of the tank corresponds to the quantity of foam agent calculated in paragraph
4.6 plus 10 %.

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Caution: Storage units with bladders are prohibited

(no reliable level indicator, maintenance
problems / bladder fragility, corrosion problems,
etc.)

The location of the foam agent reserve varies according to the site:
• either inside the fire-fighting premises if this room is big enough
• or outside, but close to the premises.
In the latter case and depending on the climate, the tank may be covered to reduce
radiation.
The reserve must be protected by a fixed equipment (water curtain or line spades) if
hydrocarbon installation is near less than 50 meters.

Parking areas next to the foam agent reserve will enable mobile fire-fighting machinery to
park without hindering traffic on access ways.

A connection fitted with a bronze symmetrical locked DSP coupling, DN65, with rubber seal,
closed by a plug with locking chain will allow for the foam agent reserve to be filled from
mobile containers or mobile tanks.

5.4. Premix / water network

5.4.1. Gridding and installation

The fire-fighting network shall be aboveground, except in high-risk zones (loading/offloading

station) or access ways.

This is a gridded network, equipped with conveniently positioned isolating valves so that
isolation of a leg of this network, should a problem arise, cannot entail the putting out of
service of the other legs.

Hydrocarbon locations are serviced by a gridded hydrant network or by an independent

remote system for units located far away.
Normally, the network pipes are installed alongside roads and access ways.

The fire-fighting pipelines would respect 200 mm between the bottom of the bunds and the
lower generatrix of fire pipe.

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Separator

BUNDWALL 1 BUNDWALL 2

A network of fire hydrants (1 mixed network or 2 water/premix independent networks) must

be looped, gridded (from the output of the FF pump station building) and isolatable.

The grid network is studied case by case, according to the project.

It is recommended to keep an appropriate operating key chained to each fire hydrant

network.
It is mandatory to verify the consistency of the network with the fire brigade equipment.

A fire hydrant network is looped around the bunds. Posts shall be installed every 40 to 50
meters.

5.4.2. Construction materials

Materials are chosen in compliance with the specification OMLOG-SPEC-009-an.

5.4.3. Network sizing

The diameter of pipes is determined by calculating loss of head for the maximum flow rate
defined in paragraph 4.7 and the minimum pressure required at all points of use, as defined
in paragraph 5.1.1.2.

Losses of head caused by foam production units must be taken into account in pipe sizing
calculations. The purpose is to ensure a sufficient range for mobile monitor (minimum 40
meters).

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The suction speed must be limited to 1.5 m/s. The discharge speed must be between
2 and 4 m/s (refer to the appended table for pipe diameters, depending on the flow rates)

Vmax Qmax Qmax

(m/s) (l/min) (m3/h)
2’’ 2 227,2 14
2’’ ½ 2 336 20
3’’ 2,5 650 39
4’’ 2,5 1122 67
6’’ 2,5 2542 153
8’’ 3 5406 324
10’’ 3 8523 511
12’’ 3,5 14146 849
14’’ 3,5 17329 1040
16’’ 3,5 22898 1374
18" 4 33419 2005
20" 4 41016 2461
24" 4 59709 3582

5.4.4. Network equipment

5.4.4.1. Taps and fittings

Valves fitted to the network (main lines, bypasses and branch connections of fire hydrants)
are direct throughput valves, either overhead (preferred choice) or in manholes.
Operating handles are located 1 meter above the finished ground level.
Fire hydrants are isolated by a butterfly valve, fitted with a reducer.

Mounts shall be installed to fit pressure gauges as close as possible to the fire-fighting
equipment to verify the operating conditions.

5.4.4.2. Fire hydrants

The network is equipped with hydrants DN 100 and DN 150 according to

standards OMLOG-STD-194-an and OMLOG-STD-196-an.
All post outlets shall be fitted with half couplings in compliance with the standard in
force in the country, closed with a locked cap.

French half couplings respect French norms NF S61-703, NF S61-704 and NF

S61-705. They are:
• in bronze
• symmetrical DSP for DN 65 and AR for DN 100
• with a small chain and a locked cap
• with a rubber washer

Caution: The connections between ordinary symmetrical couplings (“Guillemin”) and self
water-tight symmetrical couplings (“DSP” or “AR”) are not water-tight.

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5.4.4.3. Purges / network vents

Low points of network shall be fitted with sag drains.

High points of pipelines shall be fitted with a vent (screwed steel stopper) to facilitate drain
and line testing.

5.5. Premix network

The installation of premix production units and distribution networks shall be considered for
protection of storage facilities.

5.6. Manifold

As far as possible, control devices must be grouped together.

The fire-fighting system supply may be controlled by a central manifold or by several remote
manifolds.
In all cases, the manifold supply controls must be:
o Either located at least 50 meters from the tank involved
o Or protected by a fire arrester wall providing at least 4 hours fire resistance.

A block diagram of the network showing the cross-references between the valve and the
equipment to protect shall be posted at each manifold (whether centralized or remote).

5.7. Identification

Pipes shall be painted according to a color code to identify products (see table below):

Product Color
Fire-fighting water red
Premix yellow
water or premix (mixed piping) yellow with mixed red rings
Foam agent orange

Fire hydrants and valves must be identified by a code.

Example:
BV-14 FC-T3
Butterfly Valve No.14 / Foam Chamber of Tank 3

5.8. Retention bunds

"A retention bund must be connected to any aboveground hydrocarbon tank or several
tanks. This bund can not be allocated both to category A hydrocarbon tanks and to category
B, C or D liquid hydrocarbons tanks" (RAEDHL).

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Preferably, the tank is bordered by reinforced concrete or earth bund walls (cement breeze
blocks are prohibited). Bund walls or breast walls are impervious and offer 6 hours fire
resistance. (IT 89)

The capacity and the size of retention bunds are defined in RAEDHL.

5.8.1. Compartmenting of bunds (RAEDHL)

Bunds containing several tanks must be divided into compartments. The number of
compartments is calculated according to the capacity of tanks (cf. RAEDHL).

Caution: When calculating the size of the FF (retention bund fire extinguishing) the
total surface area of the bund is taken into account and not that of the compartments.

5.8.2. Crossings in retention bund walls or earth bund walls

When pipelines cross walls or earth bund walls, the crossings shall be:
• Either jointed with 4 hours fire resistor products ( IT 89)
• Or made in compliance with standard OMLOG-STD-293-an or OMLOG-STD-275-an
• Or made using the link-seal system (FD or FS design) (see pictures below)

The length of pipes in retention bunds must be as short as possible. Preferably, group the
FF pipes with product pipes to limit crossings in retention bund walls or earth bund walls.

6. PROTECTION MEANS AND EXTINGUISHING OF SYSTEMS

6.1. General rules

6.1.1. Taps and fittings

Taps and fittings installed in zones 1 or 2 must be of the fire safety type (see OMLOG-
SPEC-007 ; LP1 AC)

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6.1.2. Vapor hydrocarbon detection

Zones where explosive vapors are likely to accumulate (pump station, gutters, low points of
tank bund compartments, etc.) shall be fitted with vapor hydrocarbon detectors with visual
and audible alarms transferred to the reception office or to the guard house and control room
(IT 89).

6.1.3. Liquid hydrocarbon detection

Zones where liquid hydrocarbons are likely to accumulate (low points of tank bund
compartments, pump station, separator, etc.) shall be fitted with liquid hydrocarbon detectors
with visual and audible alarms transferred to the reception office or to the guard house and
control room.

6.1.4. Emergency stop pushbuttons

The type and positioning of emergency stop push buttons is described in specification
SEC/DEP/65. They will be positioned at least: to the loading station, to the reception station
(truck, pipe, tanker), to the pump station, to the exploitation room.

6.1.5. Fixed foam monitors

For fixed foam monitors, spraying is prohibited. In fact, in order to be efficient,
the foam must be applied to a fixed point continuously in an area without any
hydrocarbons.

6.1.6. Water curtains

Rising type water curtains are preferred to falling type water curtains.

The water curtain may be made with “line spades”, sprayers or monitors.

For water curtains of the “line spade” type, acting as thermal and mechanical screens, the
recommended flow rate ( IT 89) is:
o 500 l/min for a 30 meter length
o 1 000 l/min for a 40 meter length
For water curtains made with monitors, the recommended flow rate is:
o 500 l/min for a 30 meter range
o 1000 l/min for a 40 meter range
The efficiency of line spades must be checked with manufacturers before using them in a
fire-fighting study.

6.2. Storage

When a bund contains tanks with different types of products and/or a tank may be used to
store different types of products, the sizing and design of fire-fighting equipment to be
provided shall correspond to the most dangerous category of products.

NOTE: Supply of cooling rings or pipes from the hydrant network is prohibited.

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6.2.1. Protection

The installation of cooling rings is systematic for vertical tanks containing products in
categories B, C1 and D1.
The installation of cooling rings is examined on a case by case basis for vertical tanks
containing products in categories C2 or D2 and in horizontal tanks.
Refer to Standard OMLOG-STD-316-an.

Cooling rings must be mixed (water or premix) so as to enable water-cooling in case

of a neighboring fire, and foam cooling in case of a fire in the bund. The manifolds
must be fitted out appropriately.

The riser pipes of cooling rings are systematically fitted with stone traps.

Cooling rings must:

ƒ provide the minimum flow rate of 15 l/min/Lm of circumference (*),
ƒ be fitted with unpluggable mixed sprayers (“EAU ET FEU” type sprayers, type TKN
Ø 8,5 mm according to the documentation included in appendix 7).
ƒ be manufactured in compliance with construction standard OMLOG-STD-316-an and the
associated calculation memorandum OMLOG-NDC-012-an (see appendix 6).

(*) For a cylindrical tank installed horizontally, the perimeter of its vertical projection on a
horizontal plan must be taken into account.

The stone traps of cooling rings must be made in compliance with construction standard
OMLOG-STD-167-an.

The stone trap, riser pipe, cooling pipe and sprayers are made of 316L stainless steel and
supply pipes upline from the stone trap are made of steel, according to specification
OMLOG-SPEC-007-an.

The use pressure of sprayers shall be between 1 and 4 bars (it may be adjusted if necessary
using a restriction orifice located above the stone trap).

The tank outlet pipe must be fitted with a

positive safety check valve (preferably
installed just downline from the tank output
valve for existing tank and/or in product ; for
new tanks, the check valve will be installed
between the tank and the valve).

Depending on the project, these valves shall be controlled remotely.

Care must be taken when installing, operating and maintaining this special equipment.
Projects must be validated by the TOM Logistic department.

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The tank input line must be fitted with a check valve as represented in
the opposite diagram. For new tanks, the check valve will be installed
between the tank and the valve.

6.2.2. Extinction

The installation of a foam generator is necessary for vertical tanks

containing products in categories B, C1 and D1.
For vertical tanks containing products in categories C2 or D2, the installation of analog
devices is examined on a case-by-case basis.

The installation of a foam generator is not necessary for horizontal tanks.

Premix is produced in the pump station (central manifold) or at the remote manifolds.

It is recommended to equip riser supply pipes of foam generators with stone traps or to plan
at least one draining system for riser pipe (valves, symmetrical coupling).

The stone trap, riser pipe, ring (if several foam generators), and foam generator are made of
316L stainless steel and upline supply pipes of the stone trap are made of steel according to
specification OMLOG-SPEC-007-an.

6.2.2.1. Fixed roof tanks

One or more tank foam generators are installed according to the standard plan OMLOG-
STD-308-an 1/2 and 2/2.

The number of foam generators to install on a tank depends on the diameter of the tank (see
table below):

Number of tank foam

Diameter between:
generators
0 and 12 meters 1
12 and 24 meters 2
24 and more 4

Foam generators must provide a premix flow rate according to the product stored in the
tank, as defined in paragraph 4.7 in these guidelines.

The operating pressure of tank foam generators shall be equal

to 5 bar maximum (value to check with the tank foam generator
purchaser).

Each tank foam generator must be equipped with a

spillway / deflector inside the tank (to ensure flow of the foam
on the tank shell).
The foam generator injects the foam at the top of the tank
(injection of foam at the foot of the tank is not recommended).

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The foam generator shall be of the inspection door type, quick opening and accessible from
the tank roof for routine tests.

Riser pipes must be fitted with stone traps according to the standard OMLOG-
STD-167-an. A riser pipe can only supply 1 or 2 foam chambers with 2 half rings
in top position with a return slope of 2 percent to the riser pipe (example: for
4 foam chambers, 2 riser pipes need to be installed).

Riser pipes on tank for the foam chamber(s) shall preferably be made of
stainless steel (see specification OMLOG-STD 009-an) or by default made from
hot dip zinc with flanges. This is to avoid the corrosion, which would require
periodic maintenance (painting, work at heights).

The riser pipe shall be supplied from the manifold.

4 spare sheets of glass for each type of foam generator shall be available in the
depot (depending on diameters of sheets of glass).

The fixed foam injection systems at the foot of the tank are not recommended for new
systems.

Fuel tanks must not be equipped with a foam generator.

6.2.2.2. Floating roof tanks

Foam generators must be made of 316L stainless steel and provide for good distribution of
foam along the inner side of the tank to cover the roof joint as quickly as possible. The joint
must be fully covered in less than 2 minutes.

The number of foam generators to install on a tank depends on the diameter of the tank (see
table for fixed tanks).

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The drain used to recover rainwater from the floating roof must be closed (NC Normally
Closed during normal operation).

6.2.2.3. Fixed roof tanks with floating screen

These tanks shall be protected in the same manner as the fixed roof
tanks. The floating screen or the fixed roof is equipped with a foam
barrier to keep the foam on the peripheral seal.

Rapid opening stopper

with wing nuts

Foam box
Material INOX 316L

Walk away with

guardrail

Foam spillway or
deflector

Galvanized foam
barrier 1.5 mm

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6.2.2.4. Retention bunds

Foam is applied in the bund through the cooling rings, when they exist to protect tanks from
fire at the first step. Supplementary foam in the bund is provided by fixed fire-fighting
facilities (retention bund foam generators, fixed monitors) or by mobile facilities (mobile
monitor).

For the action to be efficient:

ƒ the foam must be applied at a solid point isolated from flames (bund wall or tank wall)
and not directly on the liquid hydrocarbons. The foam must be created first at the low
point of the bund.
ƒ and foam must be applied continuously.

Choice of type of retention bund foam generator:

Depending on how the bunds are constructed and the tank to bund wall distance, different
types of foam generators may be chosen.

Distance
tank /
bund wall Tank / bund wall distance less Tank / bund wall distance
than 6 m more than 6 m

Bund construction

Barricade Foam generator with spillway

NOTE: The slope of the barricade on retention bund side must be

concreted on either side of the equipment over a distance of
2 meters to facilitate foam flow.

Concrete bund wall Jet foam generator Foam generator with spillway

NOTE: the spillway is fitted with

Note: the generator is directed
a spillway plate improving good
so as to reach the tank side and
oxygenation of the foam to
make up a mat on the tank to
increase its travel speed in the
move the fire away.
bund and its flame resistance.

Jet foam generator Foam generator with spillway

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• Distribution of retention bund foam generators

There is no precise rule for foam generator positioning on retention bunds. Only common
sense matters. The parameters to take into account for this distribution are:

• the low points of the bunds (to protect by priority)

• the proximity (less than 50 meters) from buildings outside the depot

• close to tank inlet and outlet pipes (which may be the source of leaks)

• prevailing winds

• obstacles in the bund.

NOTE: evacuation peep holes for water of the bund shall be designed as mentioned into the
standard OMLOG-STD-240 (flame arrester elbow).

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6.3. Pump stations

6.3.1. Protection

Pump stations located in the protection zone defined in paragraph 4.4.1, must be provided
with the following protection systems:
ƒ dedicated water curtain (made with line spades, sprayers or monitors or fire arrestor wall)
or fire protective wall to protect from thermal flow.
or
ƒ fire hydrants (water) located between 25 and 40 meters and 1500 l/min monitors

6.3.1.1. Fire-fighting pump station

When the fire-fighting pump station is located in the protection zone, the access ways and
openings must be facing away from the zones exposed to the thermal flows.

6.3.1.2. Product pump room

Pump rooms and retention bunds can be equipped with gas/flame protection systems.
Visual and audible alarms shall be transmitted to the operations room.

6.3.2. Extinction

Pump rooms shall be provided with the following extinguishing systems:

ƒ Fire hydrants (premix) between 25 and 40 meters
ƒ 1500 l/min monitors

6.4. Loading/offloading stations

6.4.1. Road Tankers

6.4.1.1. Protection

Protection may be provided:

ƒ either by a fixed sprayer system making up a screen around the Road Tanker Loading
Station (TLS), and possibly between each island. Sprayers must be capable of
indifferently spraying water or foam.

ƒ or by 2000 l/min monitors, appropriately located (2 monitors at least for each one for
cooling structures and the other to make up a thermal screen) and at least 4 fire
hydrants (water/premix) located between 25 and 40 meters from the Road TLS. These
posts must be very carefully positioned (scenarios, prevailing winds, etc.).

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6.4.1.2. Extinguishing

Extinguishing may be:

ƒ by means of a fixed
water/foam device indicated
above.

ƒ or by 2000 l/min monitors,

appropriately located (2
monitors at least, one for
cooling structures and the
other to make up a thermal
screen) with at least 4 fire
hydrants (water/premix)
located between 25 and 40
meters from the Road TLS.

An attempt shall be made to create a blanket of foam under vehicles in case of fire at the
loading/offloading station. Foam and water needs shall be calculated (storage and flow rate)
to check if the worst scenario (TLS completely in fire) could be handled (can be occurred if
product is stored into the depot).

6.4.2. Rail Tankers

6.4.2.1. Protection

Protection may be provided:

ƒ either by a fixed water device making up a thermal screen (the length of the water
screen is the entire length of the train plus distance equal to a tanker track at each end
of the train). The water curtain may be made with line spades, sprayers or monitors.

RT RT RT

Water curtain

ƒ or by 2000 l/min monitors and a fire hydrant network (water/premix) with posts installed
every 40 to 50 meters.

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6.4.2.2. Extinguishing

ƒ Extinguishing is by 2000 l/min monitors and a fire hydrant network (water/premix) with
hydrants installed every 40 to 50 meters.

An attempt shall be made to create a blanket of foam under vehicles in case of fire at the
loading/offloading station.

6.4.3. Boats, barges and ships

When possible, a road accessible by vehicles shall be located alongside quays. A fire
hydrant network (water/premix) shall be installed along this road. This network shall be
equipped with posts installed every 40 to 50 meters.

Each loading/offloading station shall be reachable by at least two 2000 l/min Monitor nozzles
for boat, barge stations and ship stations.

If there is a fire at the loading/offloading station for boats and barges, all efforts shall be
made to create a foam mat on the platform and the access foot bridges.

Considering the great variety of possible cases, each project shall be the subject of a special
study. The envisaged solution shall be forwarded to the TOM Logistic department for
approval.

6.5. Oil separator

Each oil separator shall be within the reach of at least one 1500 l/min monitor.
If a fire is declared in the oil separator, the range of application of the foam is that of
category “B” hydrocarbons (refer to paragraph 4.4.3).

If a “slop tank” is installed close to the oil separator, it must be provided with water and foam
protection systems for products in category “B”, as described in paragraph 6.2.

6.6. Pipeline terminals – scraper stations

Protection based on the provisions implemented for pump stations (paragraph 6.3 of these
rules) must be forwarded to the TOM Logisitic department for approval.

6.7. Buildings

The fire-fighting water network shall provide efficient protection of the following rooms, from
posts:
ƒ Administration rooms
ƒ Workshops, stores
ƒ Infirmary
ƒ Control station

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Electrical rooms and the computer room could be protected by a fixed detection and
extinguishing system. The protection here shall be envisaged on a case-by-case basis.

Rooms such as laboratories, archives, shall be the subject of a special study forwarded for
approval to the Operations department. In particular, this study shall bear on:
ƒ The detection systems used,
ƒ The fixed extinguishing systems.
Note: for example, in laboratories, electrical devices are neither explosion proof, nor water-
tight; be careful when using water for extinguishing).

7. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSUMABLES AND MOBILE

EQUIPMENT

7.1. Consumables

7.1.1. Foam agent

7.1.1.1. Foam agent characteristics

Foam agents used must be:

ƒ type: AFFF or FFFP according to OMLOG-SPEC-011-an specification
ƒ preferably 3 % concentration
ƒ low or medium expansion factor

Each location must only use one type of foam agent (if no polar products stored). If the
mutual assistance or fire brigade bring foam agents different from the one used in the depot,
they must not be mixed. On the other hand, foams are inter-compatible; for example, a fire-
fighting truck may spray foam on an area already sprayed with foam by the fire-fighting
facilities of the depot even if the foam agents are of different types.

The depot must ensure that the foam agent is compatible with the type of water used (clear
water, sea water, brine) according to the supplier recommendations.

Caution: for polar type or polar solvent fires (e.g.: ethanol, acetone…), polyvalent type foam
agents must be used (see specification OMLOG-SPEC-011-an).

7.1.1.2. Conditioning

The foam agent stock shall be made available in a container of at least 1000 liters. The 200
liters barrels must be replaced as soon as possible (IT 89).
If the depot wished to keep the foam agent in 200 liters drums, these quantities shall not be
counted in the foam agent resources of the depot.

7.1.1.3. Service life and checking

The foam agent is generally guaranteed for 10 years by the supplier.

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After the guarantee period, depots must analyze the foam agent stocks five years after
purchasing. The analysis of the foam agent may be carried out by the supplier (checking of
the physical-chemical characteristics of the product) or by another supplier, according to
standard EN 1568-1 (test on real fire). Refer to technical information OMLOG-IT-023.

Note: Foam agent stocks must therefore be managed over the long term. Real foam
agent tests will make it possible to gradually renew stocks of foam agents.

7.1.1.4. Environmental impact of foam agents

Preference will be given to foam agents with

ƒ little or no TSM (Totally Suspended Mater),
ƒ easily biodegradable (i.e. BOD5/COD > 50%)
ƒ ultimate BOD >> 70%
ƒ No toxicity
Contrary to general opinion, a natural origin protein based foam agent has a lower
biodegradability than a synthetic foam agent.

7.1.2. Fire fighting water

Water used for fire fighting may be water from:

• town supply
• a river or the sea (*)
• an artesian well

(*)If sea water is used for fire-fighting, the depot must have a clear water buffer tank of a
capacity equal to at least 3 times the volume of fire-fighting pipes in order to make it possible
to rinse them after carrying out the drills of the Internal Emergency Plan (IEP).

7.2. Portable equipment

7.2.1. Half couplings

For countries complying with European standards, the couplings must

be of the type:
• “DSP” (aluminum) for nominal diameters less than or equal to
65 mm
• “AR” (aluminum) for nominal diameters 100 mm
• or other local standard, compatible with fire brigade equipment.

For countries complying with British standards, couplings must be of

the quick-disconnect type and comply with standards BS RT (4’’) or BS
335 (2’’ ½ ).

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The depot must be equipped with couplings for network water supply by third parties at the
pumping station and water tank (coupling Ø100 + valve + connection).

Caution: Connections between ordinary symmetrical couplings (“Guillemin”) and “self-

sealing” symmetrical couplings (“DSP” or “AR”) are not tight.

7.2.2. Portable monitors

Portable monitors must be:

• greater than 1 000 l/min and preferably 2 000 l/min or more depending on the Internal
Emergency Plan (IEP) scenarios,
• equipped with safety valves to limit hammering (possible cause of injury to operators
holding the nozzle). The safety valve guaranties the immediate safety position of the
monitor in case of untimely displacements in any direction.

See specification OMLOG-SPEC-004-an.

7.2.3. Nozzles

500 l/min, diffused jet, nozzles may be used for the

protection of operators close to the fires (closing a valve)
or for leaks of not inflamed hot products (bitumen).

See specification OMLOG-SPEC-004-an.

7.2.4. Fire-fighting hoses

See specification OMLOG-SPEC-004-an. Hoses should be red

color.
Hoses shall comply with NF S 61 112 or equivalent.

Hoses must be flexible, easy to handle, withstand abrasion and

hammering. All synthetic hoses are preferred (prevents problems
due to mold). Hoses shall be suitable for sea water and brine like
water. Hoses shall not be affected by hydrocarbons.

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Hose length shall be 20 meters, diameters 110, 70 and 45 mm depending on the

equipments to supply. Couplings shall be the lock type, made of aluminum.

Special case: in a suction scenario, choose a solid pipe and fit a filter and a check valve to it.

Hoses must be rinsed in clear water and rolled after each use if
necessary (sea water). They will be stored into a safe cupboard near
the hydrants to prevent from the sun.
In small depots, the hoses can block the traffic of fire department
vehicles. Some beams shall be stored for crossing hoses.

7.2.5. Dividing devices

Dividing devices to European standards have the following dimensions:

One inlet, diameter Two outlets, diameter

65 mm 40 mm
100 mm 65 mm

Dividing devices are equipped with aluminum valves.

7.2.6. Fire intervention suits

Each depot shall have at least two complete sets of fire intervention suits (see specification
Fire intervention clothing - OMLOG-SPEC-009-an).

The fire intervention suit, usually called “fire suit” is all suits that operators wear when they
fight the fire. They are: a helmet, a jacket, some boots, some gloves, a cowl which covers all
parts of the face not protected by the helmet, an operating wrench, belt and eventually an
on-trouser.

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7.2.7. Extinguishers

Replacement and maintenance of portable extinguishers in depots are in the

procedure OM SEC/PRV/70.

The extinguisher specification is as follows:

ƒ Fire of electrical origin

Extinguisher product CO2

Weight 2 or 5 kg
Body Made of steel, epoxy resin coated

ƒ Hydrocarbon fires

Extinguisher product ABC powder

Weight 6, 9 or 50 kg
Body Made of steel, epoxy resin coated
Type Extinguisher with internal CO2 cartridge, therefore no
permanent pressure.
Note: use of extinguishers permanently under
pressure should be avoided.

7.2.8. Actuating rod

The depot shall equip top loading stations with actuating rods (at least one) to enable
manholes to be closed. This rod shall be identified and stored vertically.

7.2.9. Operating wrench

Wrenches for operation of fire-fighting equipment must be available

at the depot.
Wrenches are made of aluminum bronze and are of different
diameters.

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The depot must be equipped with the wrenches corresponding to its systems.

7.2.10. Absorbing materials

Each depot must be equipped with an anti-pollution kit or otherwise sand to channel or stop
products from flowing.

7.2.10.1. Anti-pollution kit

See specification OMLOG-SPEC-005-an. This specification gives the list and minimal
quantity (sheet, roll) and an individual protection list to have.

7.2.10.2. Sand

Sufficient sand bins shall be appropriately distributed to channel or stop product flowing:

• 200 liters per truck loading or offloading station

• and possibly close to oily or non oily water drainage manholes (equipped with fire
breaking system –  standard OMLOG-STD-165-an)

Sand must be maintained loose and handling tools must be available at each sand bin
(shovel or bucket).

8. FIRE-FIGHTING ROOM

The fire-fighting room must be designed according to the size of the depot. In particular it
comprises:
ƒ The room intended for storage of foam agent and powder reserves
ƒ A fire-fighting equipment store (hoses, monitors, etc.)
ƒ The changing room with the initial intervention equipment

9. ALERTING AND COMMUNICATION MEANS

The depot must be equipped with a high performance alerting system and internal and
external communication means.

9.1. Internal links

These links comprise:

ƒ The radio link network with a frequency reserved for safety information
ƒ A siren of sufficient power to be heard in the furthest closed room.

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9.2. External links

ƒ Specialized telephone links with:

o Fire brigade
o Security company
o Police
o Hospitals
o Etc.

ƒ Telephone links via the depot exchange

ƒ Telephone links via mobile telephones

Mobile telephones are not considered as a reliable means of communication.

Reminder: Mobile telephones cannot be used into the depot containing hydrocarbons,
unless they are anti-explosion type or used into closed rooms without any hydrocarbon.

10. RECEPTION OF A NEW SYSTEM / DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE FOR AN

EXISTING SYSTEM

The commissioning of the diesel groups must imperatively be done by a specialist (for
instance the purchaser)

10.1. Inspection of fire-fighting water pumps

ƒ Check the alignment of the units (motor-pump).

ƒ Check the quality of the pump and pipes flanges berthing (the flanges must keep the
same axial alignment when the flanges are unbolted and the pipes free of support
stress)
ƒ Check the fuel tank (location, range).
ƒ Start up the water pumping unit(s) (*) and check each unit in a closed circuit on the
tank for correct operation (by means of a re-circulation circuit) for one hour.
ƒ Check pump discharge pressure.
ƒ Check pump suction pressure (to detect filter clogging, where applicable).

(*) Have available a fine filter to be used when the system is initially started up, to prevent
deterioration to the pump by any particles created when installing the pipeline.

10.2. Inspection of the foam pump

ƒ Start up the pump and check the foam pump in a closed circuit on the tank for correct
operation (by means of a re-circulation circuit) for one hour.
ƒ Check pump discharge pressure.
ƒ Check pump suction pressure (to detect filter clogging, where applicable).

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10.3. Proportioner control

Pressure gauges upstream and downstream from proportioners will make it possible to
control the normal loss of head during operation.
If the loss of head is greater than normal, check the venturi or upstream foam agent supply
circuits.

10.4. Implementation of scenarios

Note: The pumps no longer work in a closed circuit.

ƒ Carry out all drills in the Internal Emergency Plan (IEP).

ƒ For each fire-fighting scenario and for each item of equipment, check the flow rates
and pressures of equipment.
NOTE: if an ultrasound flow meter is not available, either:
o check water consumption of the fire-fighting tank at regular intervals
o have technical data sheets of equipment (flow rate operating curves
according to pressure) available to determine the flow rate using the pressure
ƒ Adjust the diameter of restriction orifices depending on the differences recorded
using theoretical calculations (increase the drilling diameter using a rule of thumb
method)
ƒ Check foam production equipment

Other than for acceptance operations of a new system, existing depots can carry out
this test procedure to verify the efficiency of their FF system.

11. OPERATING RULES

11.1. General rules

The Depot Manager must keep an inventory of stocks and the allocation of tanks in the
reception office or guard house. This inventory shall be updated each working day, at the
end of the day, after transfer of products.

When safety can no longer be ensured (dismantling of fire-fighting facilities, works, abnormal
occupation of traffic areas, etc.) the operating activity must be stopped in the part of the
depot involved.

The Depot Manager must keep an up-to-date copy of the IEP in the reception office or guard
house.

The block diagram of fire-fighting facilities and FF facilities use procedures shall be visibly
displayed in the fire-fighting pump station.

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11.2. Training

It is essential for personnel of the depot to be periodically trained in the implementation of

emergency and fire-fighting equipment as well as in the performance of the various tasks
scheduled in the Internal Emergency Plan.
All personnel must participate in a drill with a real fire at least every two years ( RAEDHL).

11.3. Maintenance of FF equipment and facilities

FF equipment must be maintained in good operating condition and checked routinely.

Fire-fighting engines must be tested at least once per week and run for 30 minutes.

Fuel feeders must be filled after each use/test.

Foam agent expansion checks must be carried out at least once a year.

11.4. Mandatory fire-fighting drills

Each depot must carry out a drill based on an IEP scenario at least once a year, effectively
implementing equipment – see procedure OM SEC/DEP/90.

Pipes must be rinsed with clear water after each drill of the Internal Emergency Plan (IEP) if
foam agent and/or sea water has been used.

11.5. Fire-fighting register

The following shall be recorded in the fire-fighting register:

• The date and time of periodic and unexpected drills

• The list of people - with their names - participating in drills
• The date of the routine tests of fire-fighting equipment
• Observations that may be necessary following tests
• Maintenance operations carried out on FF equipment or networks (stamped by the
company involved).

This register shall be signed by the Depot Manager.

11.6. Identification and condition of valves

All valves shall be labeled and identified. The normal position of each valve when not in use
shall be indicated:
• NC: normally closed
• NO: normally open

These default positions shall be indicated on the FF block diagram of the pump station.

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11.7. Guards-Security

For each depot containing:

• more than 600 m3 of hydrocarbons, category B, C1 or D1
• or more than 10 000 m3 of hydrocarbons, category C2
(except for self-service facilities) appropriately trained personnel must be present when
hydrocarbon products are transferred.

Outside the periods with product transfer operations, depots must be guarded.
The above-mentioned guard or personnel must be trained by the Depot Manager and know
all instructions to follow in case of a fire.

11.8. Works

Experience feedback shows that many outbreaks of fire in hydrocarbon depots are linked to
the performance of works. Therefore, it is important to prepare prevention plans with
contractors (see SEC/DEP/20 and SEC/DEP/201 to 208).

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APPENDICES

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1. APPENDIX 1 - CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

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 Non exhaustive list of Classified center decree Depot fitting out rules – order Dangerous material transport rules
products Flash point dated 20/05/1953 dated 9/11/1972 Order dated15/04/1945 La Haye regulation
(International)
Category A
Vapor pressure > 1 bar at KO vapor pressure
Liquid hydrocarbons < 0°C Liquid combustible gas 15°C Class 1d 4th category REID > 600 mm HG at
A1>0°C 37,8°C
A2 other conditions
Ethylene oxide or Ether Especially inflammable if
Carbon sulphide < 0°C boiling point < 35°C Category B 2nd category K0 ditto
Petroleum ether under760 mm HG
Mercaptan - pentane
Crude oil
Premium petrol
Automobile petrol
Aviation gasoline < 21°C 1st category Category B 3rd category K1
Special fuels A to II
Acetone
Certain alcohols
Benzene <21°C 1st category Category B Class IIIa 3rd category K1 Z
Certain white-spirits
White-spirit > 21°C
Petroleum oil
Jet fuel 1st category Category B 3rd category K2
Cyclohexane
Certain alcohols <55°C
Gas oil > 55°C
Paraffin based distillates Category C
Domestic fuel– light fuel 2nd category C1> flash point 4th category K3
Certain oils C2 < flash point
<100°C
Heavy F.O. <100°C 2nd category Category C2 4th category K3
Heavy F.O. > = 100°C Non classifiable Category C2 4th category K3
Lubricating oils >100°C Non classifiable Category D No Non classifiable Non classifiable
classifiable
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2. APPENDIX 2 - CALCULATION MEMORANDUM OF FLOW RATES IN CASE OF

TANK FIRE

2.1. Premix flow rate to extinguish a tank on fire

The premix flow rate required is obtained by multiplying the useful surface area of the tank by
the rate of application indicated by paragraph 4.4.3 in these guidelines, depending on the
hydrocarbon category.
The minimum flow rate to take into account corresponds to the worst tank case.

2.2. Cooling flow rate of the tank on fire

The cooling flow rate of the tank on fire is calculated at a rate of 15 l/min per meter of
circumference; i.e.:
CWtf (l/min) = 15 x π x D(m)

where CWtf: Cooling Water of the tank on fire

D: Diameter of the tank on fire.

2.3. Protection flow rate for neighboring tanks

The tanks to protect are those located in an imaginary cylinder centered on the tank of radius
R, assumed to be on fire, and a radius equal to 2.5 R, with a minimum of R + 15 meters.
Protection is provided:
ƒ either by water curtains,
ƒ or by the cooling system of tanks with a 15 l/min flow rate per meter of circumference.
The water curtains may be provided:
ƒ either by monitors, with a 500 l/min flow rate for a 30 m range, or a 1 000 l/min flow
rate for a 40 m range,
ƒ or by "line spades" devices with a 500 l/min flow rate for a 30 m length and a
1 000 l/min flow rate for a 40 m length.

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3. APPENDIX 3 - CALCULATION MEMORANDUM FOR WATER FLOW RATES IN

CASE OF A BUND FIRE

3.1. Premix flow rate for control of the bund on fire

The premix flow rate to schedule to control the fire is obtained by multiplying the useful
surface area at the top edge of the bund (tanks deducted) by the rate of application for the
most constraining category of hydrocarbon contained in the bund. The minimum flow rate to
take into account corresponds to the most constraining bund. When a bund contains tanks
with different types of products and/or a tank may be used to store different types of products,
the sizing and design of fire-fighting equipment to be provided shall correspond to the most
dangerous category of products.

3.2. Water flow rate for the protection of neighboring systems

The systems to protect are those located outside and less than 50 m from the edge of the
bund on fire.

Protection is provided:
ƒ either by water curtains,
ƒ or by the cooling system of tanks, at the rate of 15 l/min per meter of circumference.

The water curtains may be obtained:

ƒ either by monitors, with a 500 l/min flow rate for a 30 meter range, or a 1000 l/min flow
rate for a 40 meter range.
ƒ or by "line spades" devices with a 500 L/min flow rate for a 30m length and a 1 000
L/min flow rate for a 40m length

Water flow rate for the protection of neighboring tanks (outside bund)
PWnt = [15 x π x D1] + [15 x π x D2] + ………………[15 x π x Dn]

where: PWnt: Water for protection of neighboring tanks, in l/min

D1, D2,... Dn: Diameter of neighboring tanks, in meters.

3.3. Water flow rate for the bund on fire

This is the sum of the flow rates calculated above:

Wbf = Wfb + Wpnt

Where: Wbf: Water for the bund fire.

Wfb: Water for foam in the bund.
Wpnt: Water for protection of neighboring tanks.

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4. APPENDIX 4 - GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR FIRE-FIGHTING PLAN

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5. APPENDIX 5 - LIQUID HYDROCARBON DEPOT – TYPICAL FIRE-FIGHTING PLAN

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6. APPENDIX 6 - CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS

This document belongs to TOTAL. Disclosure and reproduction subject to its permission.
 RM/OM/LA/LOG Created : 01/03/2000
HYDROCARBON LIQUID VERTICAL TANK STORAGE
Revised : 11/12/2006

CHART OF CALCULATION FOR NPS OF COLUMN RISER AND COOLING RING QUANTITY AND LOCATION OF SPRAYERS

Working hypothésis :
Cooling flow rate : 15 l / min / meter of circumference A Center line of rings axis / to tank shell
Type of sprayers : TKN ø 8,5 mm (EAU et FEU) B Height of covering aéra by sprayer jet
D Distance between two sprayers
Notes:. H Distance from top of stifener to ring bottom at the hight ring point
(*) For other diameter see OMEX-NDC-012-an ∆h Vertical interval between high and low point of the ring
'(1) α Maximum pitch angle of sprayers from top to bottom level ring
may be designed with two NPS 4'' columns riser
- Reference to Std OM-316 E Distance between two ring supports
P Ring slope

tank cooling cooling ø pipe ø pipe nb nb Nozzle Nozzle Ring

ø flow rate flow rate riser ring of ring E nozzles unit pressure D A H diameter P ∆h α
(*) column supports flow rate
(m) (l/min) (m3/h) (inches) (inches) (m) (l/min) (bar) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) (mm) (°C)
8 377 23 3" 2" 9 2,79 10 38 2,3 2874 575 315 9150 0,350 51 5
10 471 28 3" 2" 11 2,86 12 39 2,5 2924 585 318 11170 0,350 62 6
12 565 34 3" 2" 13 2,90 14 40 2,6 2958 592 321 13183 0,350 73 7
14 660 40 4" 2"1/2 15 2,93 16 41 2,7 2983 597 322 15193 0,350 84 8
16 754 45 4" 2"1/2 17 2,96 20 38 2,3 2682 536 301 17073 0,354 95 10
18 848 51 4" 2"1/2 19 2,98 22 39 2,4 2726 545 304 19090 0,352 106 11
20 942 57 4" 2"1/2 21 2,99 24 39 2,5 2763 553 306 21105 0,354 118 12
22 1037 62 4" 3" 24 2,88 26 40 2,5 2793 559 309 23117 0,354 129 13
24 1131 68 4" 3" 26 2,90 28 40 2,6 2819 564 311 25128 0,356 141 14
(1)
26 1225 74 6" 3" 28 2,92 30 41 2,7 2842 568 312 27137 0,356 152 15
(1)
28 1319 79 6" 3" 30 2,93 32 41 2,7 2861 572 314 29145 0,357 164 16
(1)
30 1414 85 6" 3" 32 2,95 34 42 2,8 2878 576 315 31151 0,359 176 17
32 1508 90 6" (1) 4" 34 2,96 36 42 2,8 2894 579 316 33157 0,360 188 18
(1)
34 1602 96 6" 4" 36 2,97 38 42 2,8 2907 581 317 35163 0,361 200 19
(1)
36 1696 102 6" 4" 38 2,98 40 42 2,9 2919 584 318 37168 0,364 213 20
(1)
38 1791 107 6" 4" 40 2,98 42 43 2,9 2930 586 319 39172 0,366 225 21
(1)
40 1885 113 6" 4" 42 2,99 44 43 2,9 2940 588 319 41176 0,367 238 22
(1)
42 1979 119 6" 4" 44 3,00 46 43 3,0 2949 590 320 43180 0,367 250 23
(1)
44 2073 124 6" 4" 47 2,94 48 43 3,0 2957 591 321 45183 0,370 263 24
46 2168 130 6" (1) 4" 49 2,95 50 43 3,0 2965 593 321 47186 0,373 277 25
(1)
48 2262 136 6" 4" 51 2,96 52 43 3,0 2972 594 322 49189 0,374 290 26

OMLOG-NDC-012-an - cooling ring.xls

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7. APPENDIX 7 - TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION – MIXED UNPLUGGABLE

SPRAYERS

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NB: Those regulations are given below for information purposes. Some parts are
lapsed (in red in the text)

8. APPENDIX 8 - FITTING OUT AND OPERATING RULES FOR liquid

hydrocarbon depots, with a global fictive capacity of more than 1 000 m3
(RAEDHL), ORDERS DATED NOVEMBER 9, 1972 AND NOVEMBER 19, 1975
(EXCERPTS)

TITLE VI – FIRE-FIGHTING

First part – Construction rules

Article 601 – Scope

Retention bunds only containing heavy fuel tanks are subject to the provisions in articles 602,
604-1, 604-3, 606-2, 607, 608 and 609.
Buried depots are subject to the provisions in articles 607, 608 and 609.

Article 602 – Fire-fighting water resources

602.1 – Water reserve

602.11 – Hydrocarbon depots, categories B, C or D1

Any hydrocarbon depot in category B, C or D1 without water resources capable of providing

the regulatory flow rate, defined in article 606, immediately and continuously must be provided
with a reserve capable of providing the required flow rate alone or complementary to other
permanent resources, with a capacity of at least:
• 1 hour 30 min when the capacity of the depot is at the most equal to 10 000 m3,
• 3 hours when the capacity of the depot is greater than 10 000 m3 but less than
100 000 m3,
• 6 hours when the capacity of the depot is at least equal to 100 000 m3.

602.12 – Depots only containing hydrocarbons in categories C2, or C2 and D2

As an exception to rule in article 602.11, any depot only containing hydrocarbons in categories
C2, or C2 and D2 must have available water resources capable of providing the regulatory
water flow rate as defined in article 606 for at least 1.5 hours.

602.13 – Complementary rules

a) When several hydrocarbon depots in categories B, C or D1 are adjacent or very close

one to the other, the water reserves may be common. In this case, the capacity of the
common reserve is equal to the sum of:
• the biggest reserve which would be prescribed for each of the depots
considered separately;
• half of the total of the other reserves which would be prescribed for each of the
depots involved.

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b) Mobile pump units must be able to use the water reserves.

c) When the fire-fighting network water supply is from the industrial network of an other
complex, the operation of the aforesaid complex must not be compromised by the
bypassing of the water required for fire-fighting.

602.2 – Fire-fighting water network

602.21 – Any depot containing hydrocarbons in category B, C or D1 must be provided with a

fire-fighting water network equipped with water outlets or fire hydrants, diameter 100 or
150 mm, non freezable type. This equipment must be fitted with standardized couplings.

602.22 – The water network may also supply:

• fire-fighting wall hydrants;*
• or fire-fighting water outlets
• or any other type of fixed or mobile equipment.

602.23 – This equipment must be judiciously located throughout the depot and installed under
access and distance conditions compatible with the hazards and possibly providing the
protection necessary to ensure maximum use safety.

602.24 – It must be possible to protect all hydrocarbon locations from this network.

602.25 – In hydrocarbon depots only containing category C2 hydrocarbons it is accepted that

the water required for fire-fighting may be provided by the facilities used by the fire brigades of
emergency centers when they are located at less than ten kilometers from the depots
involved.
A written certificate from the departmental services involved shall specify that such facilities
exist.
Otherwise, depots must be equipped with the facilities required, i.e. mainly pumping facilities,
discharge piping and ancillary equipment (nozzles, couplings, etc.).

602.3 – Composition of the fire-fighting network

602.31 – Pipelines

The pipelines making up the fire-fighting network must only be used for this purpose.
However, supply of other circuits from the fire-fighting network shall be accepted on condition
that the requirements set down for fire-fighting water (flow rate, pressure, reserve) remain
satisfactory.
Pipelines and accessories making up the fire-fighting network shall be made of materials
offering suitable resistance to mechanical and physical constraints to which they are subject in
service. Moreover, they must be made of fire resistant materials, protected against corrosion.
The cross sections of pipeline shall be calculated to provide the required flow rate at any
location, at the required pressures to ensure correct operation of fire-fighting facilities.
As far as possible, pipelines shall be laid alongside roadways, paths or working areas.
The network must be gridded as far as possible and include isolating valves in order to be
able to quickly isolate any section where there is a breakage and thus enable continuation of
fire-fighting. These barrier valves must be left open under normal operating conditions.

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If necessary, easy to remove filters shall be installed at judiciously selected locations on the
network to ensure correct operation of fire-fighting facilities (foam generators, sprayers, etc.).

602.32 – Fire-fighting pumping facilities

602.321 – General case

The fire-fighting network pressure and flow rate shall be provided by pumping facilities
belonging to the depot or by a connection to an external pressurized water network offering all
guarantees required to ensure safe operation.
All fire-fighting water pumping facilities must be capable of providing the regulatory flow rate
as defined in article 606, at the pressure required to ensure correct operation of emergency
facilities.
There must be at least two pumps when the flow rate exceeds 120 m3/hour.
When more than half of the regulatory flow rate is provided only by electric motor-driven
pumping facilities, these motors must be powered by two separate and independent electricity
sources.
This rule is interpreted as follows: for example, separate energy sources are considered as
being the public power supply network and the electricity produced by the depot involved.
All diesel engines of a pumping unit must be provided with a starting system guarantying
immediate starting. This engine must be appropriately run-in.

602.322 – Special case concerning adjacent depots or depots close one to the other

When there are several adjacent depots or depots very close one to the other with a fire-
fighting network supplied by common pumping facilities, these facilities must be capable of
providing a flow rate equal to the sum of:
• the greatest flow rate prescribed for each of the depots separately;
• half of the total flow rate which would be prescribed for each depot involved.

[…]

Article 604 – Implementation of facilities

604.1 – Water

Water may be implemented by:

• fixed cooling systems
• fixed monitors
• mobile equipment such as hand-held nozzles, nozzles on mounts or towable monitors
• or any combination of the previous facilities.

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604.2 – Foam

Foam may be implemented by:

• fixed systems,
• or by mobile systems such as foam monitors, motorized sprayers, hand-held nozzles,
foam sprayers, spillways, generators supplied by premixers, etc.

604.3 – Choice between fixed or mobile facilities

Without a preconceived opinion on the provisions below, the choice between fixed and mobile
facilities is left to depot managers who remain responsible for their choice. This choice must
be justified.
Floating roof tanks must comprise, when protected by fixed systems, a device making it
possible to retain the foam around the roof so as to be able to quickly cover the seal between
the roof and the tank shell. All provisions must, in addition, be taken to prevent that the scales
covering the seal impede the penetration of the foam in this seal.
Floating roof tanks of a unit capacity at least equal to 60 000 m3 must be protected by fixed
equipment making it possible to lay a minimum 0.20 meter layer of foam in 10 minutes over
the annular space of the roof, included between the tank shell and the previously mentioned
foam retaining device.

Article 605 – General rules concerning fixed systems

605.1 – Supply

Fixed cooling systems on the one hand, and fixed foam systems on the other hand, providing
protection of storage facilities must have separate connections to the internal fire-fighting
water distribution network.

605.2 – Control

Several fixed systems may be supplied by the same control valve. In this case, it is necessary
to be able to isolate each system in case of fire, in order to prevent useless water flow and
enable the efficient fire-fighting work. The valves used for isolation shall remain open during
normal operation.

605.3 – Accessibility

Control valves or connections must be accessible under all circumstances and be located
outside the retention bunds. If the distance is less than 25 meters from the closest wall of the
supplied tank(s), the valves must be located behind an incombustible screen with a four hour
fire resistance. This provision applies to collective premix or foam producing units.

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605.4 – Signage

Controls of all fixed fire-fighting systems including drain valves for water from retention bunds
must be identified by means of easy to read labels.

Article 606 – Calculation principles for the regulatory water flow rate

The regulatory water flow rate to schedule in a depot is the rate corresponding to the greatest
flow rate ensuing from the application of the provisions stipulated in articles 606-1 and 606-2.

606.1 – Case concerning retention bunds containing hydrocarbon tanks in category B,

C or D1, excluding those only containing heavy fuel tanks

The global flow rate available in the network must be calculated under the most unfavorable
assumptions of a fire occurring in a hydrocarbon tank in category B, C or D1.
The most unfavorable assumption is the case corresponding to the tank for which the sum of
Q1 and Q2 results in the greatest global flow rate Q:
• Q1 is the flow rate corresponding to cooling of all hydrocarbon tanks in categories B, C
or D1 located entirely or partly in the fictive cylinder plotted around the tank assumed
to be on fire and defined in the table below (including the tank assumed to be on fire),
• Q2 is the flow rate corresponding to the production of the foam on the tank assumed to
be onfire.

The following is applied to cool tanks:

FOR COOLING FOR FOAM

TANKS INVOLVED
Q1 Q2
The tank on fire of
radius R and
15 l/min/Lm circumference (1)
horizontal surface
area S
Flow rate on
one quarter of
Nominal capacity
Floating roof tanks the tank
Tanks located for hydrocarbons in surface (2)
entirely or partially in categories B, C or Q2 = 0,2 x S
a circular section D1 < 7 500 m3 3 l/m2/min (20 cm of foam in
cylinder centered on 10 min)
the tank assumed to > 7 500 m3 2 l/m2/min
be on fire and of a Flow rate on
radius equal to 2.5R Hydrocarbons in one quarter of
Other types of
with a minimum of category the tank
tanks, no matter
R+15m surface (2)
what their nominal
capacity B 5 l/m2/min
C or D1 2 l/m2/min

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R is given in meters
S is given in square meters
Q is given in cubic meters per hour
l/m2/min = liters per square meter per minute.

(1) For a cylindrical tank installed horizontally, the perimeter of its vertical projection on a
horizontal plan must be taken into account.
(2) The surface area involved is:
the total surface area for cylindrical tanks installed horizontally and for spherical tanks,
the side surface area (shell) for cylindrical tanks installed vertically.

606.2 – Special rules applicable to retention bunds only containing heavy fuel tanks

In retention bunds only containing heavy fuel tanks, the regulatory water flow rate corresponds
to the rate required to cool the largest tank at a rate of 15 liters per minute per meter of
circumference of this tank.

Article 607- Extinguishers

607.1 – Hazards due to hydrocarbons

All hydrocarbon locations, other than pipelines, tanks and retention bunds, must be protected
by portable extinguishers or wheeled extinguishers, in compliance with certified standards and
efficient for the extinguishing of fires likely to occur.
The depot manager is responsible for defining the position and quantity of extinguishers
according to the locations and good works practice, on condition that the following minimum
requirements are satisfied:
• close to bulk offloading or loading stations: one wheeled 100 kg powder extinguisher or
two 50 kg extinguishers (extinguishers using other extinguishing products with
equivalent extinguishing capability and capacity are accepted),
• in container filling or packaging workshops: one certified 55B per 10 m2 or fraction of a
100 m2 surface area, with at least two extinguishers per location.

607.2 – Hazards due to electrical equipment

All transformer sub-stations, cutting stations or any location where one or several electric
motors are used must be equipped with at least two portable extinguishers, suitable for fires
involving electrical power.
Locations where numerous electrical equipment is used must be protected by an extinguisher
of the same type.

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607.3 – Extinguishers

Appropriate extinguishers must be installed in the various rooms or locations in compliance

with normally accepted professional rules.
Extinguishers must be in compliance with standards in force (when they exist).

Article 608 – Sand

Appropriate sand piles, with shovels and wheel-barrows, must be suitably located to channel
or stop product flow.
Sand must be maintained in a loose condition.

Article 609 – Protection against freezing weather conditions

Precautions must be taken so that fire-fighting equipment is useable during freezing weather
conditions as well as normal conditions.

Second part – Operating rules

Article 610 – Maintenance of fire-fighting and emergency facilities

Fire-fighting and emergency facilities must be maintained in good working condition and be
routinely verified.
Moreover, diesel engines mounted in fire-fighting pumping units must be tested once every
fortnight and fuel feeders topped up after engines are used.
The foam agent expansion factor must be checked at least once per year.
Foam agent storage tanks must be cleaned as often as necessary.

Article 611 – Personnel training

All personnel working in the depot must undergo routine training, during drills organized once
a month, in the implementation of fire-fighting and emergency equipment and in the
performance of the various tasks scheduled in the Internal Emergency Plan.
A yearly drill is carried out with the participation of the fire brigade and the specialized
departments of depots which may have concluded a mutual assistance agreement, according
to the arrangements made between the depot manager and the authorities to whom the
specialized departments or fire brigade report.
All depot personnel must participate in a drill on a real fire at least once every two years.
Moreover, any user of a diesel or fuel oil self-service station must be trained in the steps to
take in case of a fire.

Article 612 – Transmission and alerting facilities

Transmission and alerting facilities are indispensable both for calling the emergency services
and for mustering of fire-fighting personnel, routing of reinforcements and communications in
case of a major operation.

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Any depot containing more than 1 000 m3 of hydrocarbons in category B, C, or D1 must be

linked by telephone or radio to the closest fire brigade station. If possible, a direct link shall be
made with the fire brigade station for depots with a global capacity more than 10 000 m3 no
matter what type of hydrocarbons are stored.

Article 613 – Fire-fighting instructions

Special instructions stipulate in particular:

• the organization of the depot in case of an accident,
• the composition of the fire-fighting teams,
• the frequency of drills,
• the general provisions concerning the maintenance of emergency and fire-fighting
facilities,
• the transmission and alerting modes,
• the call methods to external emergency services and the people authorized to make
such calls,
• the persons to warn in case of an accident,
• the organization of the depot's guard force and entry control in case of an accident.

Article 614 – Fire registers

The date of drills and routing testing of fire-fighting equipment, as well as any remarks that
may be made, are recorded in a fire register of the type prescribed in article 28 of the decree
modified on July 10, 1913, related to public administration rules on the execution of provisions
in book II of the work code and the social provident scheme with regard to all general
protection and sanitation provisions, applicable to all related events.

Article 615 – Guard service

615.1 – General case

In any depot housing more than 600 m3 of hydrocarbons in category B, C1 or D1, or more
than 10 000 m3 of hydrocarbons in category C2, except for self-service systems, the personnel
present at the depot must be appropriately trained for product transfer.
These types of depots may be guarded when no product transfer operations are being
performed, unless the intervention and surveillance task in case of an accident is performed
by operating personnel on the site or living less than 500 meters from these depots.
The guard or the personnel mentioned above must be trained by the depot manager and be
aware of the instructions to follow in case of a fire.
It is accepted that, in a depot automatically monitored by means of a remote signaling device,
the surveillance role is performed, when no product transfer operations are being performed,
by the operating personnel performing permanent safety duty at the monitoring center
transmitting alerts (alerts in case of fire or explosion, etc.) from the previously mentioned
remote signaling system. The surveillance center may be common to several depots and
must be provided with a telephone system.

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615.2 – Special case concerning diesel or fluid fuel self-service systems

Diesel or fluid fuel self-service systems associated with depots containing more than
10 000 m3 of hydrocarbons in category C2 must be guarded unless the surveillance and
intervention role in case of an accident is performed by operating personnel of the depot, or
living less than 500 meters from these depots.
The dealer must ensure that the guard or the personnel indicated above have all instructions
to follow in case of an accident.

615.3 – Case of hydrocarbon depots in a complex

It is accepted that a common guard system can be organized in the case of a hydrocarbon
depot complex.

Article 616 – Road signage

Depots located beside public roads must comply with ministerial instructions concerning
special signage in order to prohibit traffic on these roads, where applicable.

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9. APPENDIX 9 - TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION DATED 9 NOVEMBER 1989

CONCERNING EXISTING FLAMMABLE LIQUID DEPOTS

Title II: Fire-fighting preparatory steps

Article 8 of the technical instruction

The fire-fighting water network for protection water as well as the foaming system shall be
gridded and isolatable.
Dead end branches may be authorized following approval of a plan from the classified system
inspection department sent to the Prefect, under the condition that none of these non-gridded
sections are longer than 50 meters and are intended for works accessible or protectable by
other sections.

Comments:

Networks must be gridded at the output of the fire-fighting pumping room and branch lines
must start in the different directions immediately.
For example, the grid must not start at the corner of the first bund as this would make this
connection primordial to depot safety and endanger it in case of an explosion.
Dead end branch lines are an exception. In particular, branch lines are prohibited on bunds
with more than three rows of tanks or on bunds with no access from two other sides.

Article 9 of the technical instruction

Fixed cooling rings on inaccessible tanks (several rows, retaining breast walls too high) shall
be designed both for water spraying and spreading of the foaming solution. Rings shall be
independently isolatable from the water network and the emulsion network. Furthermore, they
shall be isolatable tank by tank from outside the bunds.

Comments:

Fixed cooling rings must now be mixed (water and foam) so as to enable water spraying in
case of a neighboring fire, and foam spraying in case of a fire in the bund.
To limit spraying, especially in the case of a neighboring fire or destruction in case of an
explosion, each tank must be supplied separately from outside the bunds, where the isolating
valves shall be installed.

Article 10 of the technical instruction

The water network shall be equipped with unfreezable standardized hydrants or outlets,
diameter 100 mm or 2 x 100 mm.
This network shall be equipped with standardized couplings for supply by mobile facilities such
as engine-driven pumps. These couplings shall be installed in compliance with the
instructions of the fire-fighting and emergency services and, if possible, located far from the
fixed fire-fighting pumping unit.

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Comments:

Network supply couplings must be provided in case the pumping unit does not operate or if
the flow rate or pressure is insufficient.
Fire hydrants recently installed during the extension to or repair of the network shall comply
with new standards (100 mm and 2 x 100 mm). However, former 150 diameter hydrants may
be used as long as appropriate adapting couplings are available.

Article 11 of the technical instruction

The fire-fighting flow rate set down in the Prefectoral Order shall make it possible to protect all
buildings or units located within the fire zone, or less than 50 meters from it, and to fight or
confine the fire as defined in article 12.
For tanks fitted with non-isolatable cooling rings, or tanks located in fire zones (e.g. retention
bund fire) the reference flow rate shall be the same as the ring flow rate.
For tanks located outside the fire zone and fitted with cooling rings isolatable sector by sector,
only the flow rate of sectors exposed to the fire shall be taken into account.
For tanks not fitted with cooling rings, the reference flow rate will be that given for nozzles
recommended for protection.
The water flow rates shall be those selected in pursuance of article 12 for the production of
foaming solution intended for confinement or fighting of liquid fires.

Comments:

The regulatory water flow rate must be calculated on concrete cases using hazard studies
complying with the legislation related to classified systems and indicated on Internal
Emergency Plans of depots. This flow rate will be used for the protection of equipment in the
fire zone and for fighting fires with foam, as well as for the protection of neighboring systems
with water.
As an example, the National Fire Protection Agency (N.F.P.A.) and British Standards
recommend a 10 l/m²/min water flow rate on surfaces exposed to the fire. This value may be
used to size mobile spraying facilities according to surface areas directly exposed to the fire.
For fixed rings, the flow rate of 15l/mm/m of circumference retained in the ministerial order
dated 1972 can be used for both fixed and floating roofs. This value is used in Germany.

For water curtains, the Civil Security Department retains a set flow rate of 500 l/mm for a 30 m
length and 1000 l/mm for a 40 m length.

Article 12 of the technical instruction

The depot manager shall take the necessary steps to have available the equipment required
to extinguish all types of fires likely to occur in the depot, either by means of the facilities of the
depot, or by mutual assistance agreements or protocols specified in the Internal Emergency
Plans prepared with the fire-fighting services. The facilities maintained on the site, especially
the foam agent reserve and its means of implementation, shall make it possible to:

• extinguish, in 20 minutes, and cool the largest diameter tank as well as protect
threatened neighboring tanks

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• fight the fire in the largest retention bund (less tanks) with foam at a reduced rate of
application to contain the fire and simultaneously protect systems threatened by the
fire, as defined in articles 11 and 19. These facilities shall be operational for at least
one hour up to the arrival of external assistance.

To determine the foaming solution facilities required to extinguish liquid fires (tank fire or
retention bund fire) the theoretical rate of application shall be as follows, unless explicit
substantiation is provided:
o 5 l/m²/min for hydrocarbons without additives,
o 7 l/m²/min for hydrocarbons with less than 5% additives,
o 10 l/m²/min for hardly soluble polar products,
o 15 l/m²/min for polar products, more than 50% soluble in water. (To calculate
the foam agent reserve, the concentration in the foaming solution shall be
considered as a fixed amount, being 5%).
The reduced rate of application intended to contain the fire shall be considered as being half
the theoretical rate of application.
The depot manager shall verify the quality of the foam agents selected to check that it is
compatible with stored products, and the facilities of the depot as well as common facilities.
The Internal Emergency Plan shall be revised taking into account these new provisions and
shall make it possible to envisage the extinguishing of a retention bund fire within three hours.

Comments:

The latest fires in depots have led the Civil Safety Department to revise its technical
instruction dated 1979 concerning hydrocarbon fires.
As of now, the following technical provisions may be implemented:
• the foam agent reserves and the facilities required to extinguish a major tank fire shall
be 20 minutes, based on the rate of application prescribed according to the type of
liquid on fire;
• the equipment and water facilities (monitors, spillways, etc.) must correspond to the
targeted goals (currently it is recommended to only count foam monitors with a
capacity greater than 1 000 l/min, with preference for 2 000 l/min, since the range of
the least powerful monitors is often insufficient).
As of the beginning of a retention bund fire up to grouping of all facilities required to fully
extinguish the fire, it is recommended, to contain the fire, to apply a reduced rate of product on
the surface on fire equal to half the application rate required to extinguish the fire.
For some recent exceptionally high performance foam agents, the general rules may therefore
be revised following presentation of technical justification by depot managers and foam agent
suppliers, following approval by the fire-fighting and emergency services and the classified
system inspection department.
It will be accepted that chemical or petroleum companies belonging to organizations such as
the GESIP, replace depot managers to qualify or test the foam agents.

Article 13 of the technical instruction

The foam agent reserve shall be available in 1 000 liters minimum containers. The location of
containers shall be studied to enable easy use when increasing the number of facilities used
for fire-fighting. The 200-liter barrels shall be replaced as soon as possible. Containers of a
lower capacity shall not be counted in the foam agent reserves.

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Mixed hydrocarbon and polar product depots shall only have polyvalent foam agent reserves.
Gasoline and fuels containing more than 5% oxygenated products are assimilated to polar
products.

Comments:

As hydrocarbon foam agents are not compatible with polar product fires, it is not advisable to
have the two different types of quality available in a single depot. The use of polyvalent foam
agents shall be preferred to prevent any confusion during an accident.

Article 14 of the technical instruction

Implementation drills of fire-fighting equipment, especially foam agent tests on a real fire,
musty be organized once per year, conjointly between the depot manager, the fire brigade and
the authorities.

Comments:

The reaction of certain chemical products with regard to foam agents is not well known.
Furthermore, the gradual introduction of oxygenated compounds (TAME, MTBE, TBA) in
gasoline gives the compounds a more and more significant polar characteristic.
Tests must be undertaken for each significant modification to stored products.

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10. APPENDIX 10 - CIRCULAR DATED 6 MAY 1999 RELATED TO THE

EXTINGUISHING OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID FIRES – SYSTEMS CLASSIFIED
FOR PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Technical instruction dated November 9, 1989 stipulates in article 12 the objectives making it
possible to assess the technical facilities required to extinguish a flammable liquid fire. These
objectives are as follows:
extinguish, within twenty minutes, a fire on the largest tank while cooling it and protecting
threatened neighboring tanks,
contain, for sixty minutes minimum, a fire on the largest retention bund by spraying foam with
a reduced foaming solution rate of application (timing strategy) whilst protecting threatened
neighboring tanks.

The flow rates and quantities of foaming solution required to attain these objectives are
calculated on the basis of the timing strategy (also called reduced rate) or extinguishing rate of
application. Flow rates and quantities depend on the quality of the foam agent used, the type
of product on fire and the operational implementation conditions of fire-fighting facilities.

The rate of application values prescribed in technical instruction dated November 9, 1989 is
fixed values overriding the different criteria given above. In order to take into account changes
to the quality of foam agents and to better integrate the importance of the fire-fighting capacity
in the definition of extinguishing facilities, a work group comprising the various administrations
involved and representatives from the petroleum industry has defined a method to determine
the rates of application based on experience feedback.

This method is based on an extinguishing test campaign carried out on fuel fires with 15%
added oxygenated organic products and on the difficulties encountered in a true life situation.
The recommended rate of application thus takes into account stressing factors proper to the
configuration of the site involved, time delays and intervention facilities. This method is
summarized in appendix 1.

Intervention facilities must be designed to meet the objectives of technical instruction dated
November 9, 1989, presented above. The assumption in which the reduced rate of
application (timing strategy) is equal to half the extinguishing rate of application is kept.

However, it seems that the implementation of intervention facilities to extinguish a fire in a

bund may cause logistic type problems when this bund is of a large size. This aspect is dealt
with in appendix II presenting the provisions to be implemented in these cases. The depot
managers involved must be asked to submit a technical-economic study, meeting the
objectives in appendix II, to the classified system inspection department.

The provisions in this circular will be taken into account for new authorization requests
concerning storage of flammable liquids. Also, requests may be received from dealers
managing existing systems and wanting to assess the intervention facilities required on the
site, based on this new method. In this case, it will be necessary to ask the depot manager to
provide all necessary justification in compliance with the methods provided in this circular, in a
rider to the hazard study.

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In all cases, make sure that the Authorities receive the opinion and proposal from the fire
brigade with regard to the operational coefficient, the water flow rates and the quantity of foam
agents, as calculated. This dossier shall be accompanied by a report from the Authorities.
Also, make sure that the Internal Emergency Plan is updated to integrate any new steps
related to the intervention.

Appendix I: Method of calculation of the premix rates of application

The method is based on two essential criteria:

an experimental rate of application, proper to each family of foam agents, assessed using a
test campaign,
a set increase to this rate of 0.5 l/m²/min to take into account any uncertainties inherent to any
experimental determination and an operational coefficient, K, characterizing the intervention
capability proper to each depot.

The real rate of application to recommend is therefore equal to:

R real = (R exp x K) + 0.5 l/m²/min.

To extinguish a fuel fire with 15% oxygenated products added, the experimental extinguishing
rate of application values calculated using test campaign results are:
• 2 l/m²/min for film forming foam agents, class I,
• 2.5 l/m²/min for non-film forming foam agents, class I,
• 3 l/m²/min for class II foam agents.

Following application of the set increase of 0.5 l/m²/min, the minimum rate of application
values are therefore:
• 2.5 l/m²/min for film forming foam agents, class I,
• 3 l/m²/min for non-film forming foam agents, class I,
• 3.5 l/m²/min for class II foam agents.

The operational coefficient, K, is calculated by working out the sum of increases allocated to
the various parameters in the tables below, in compliance with the formula:
K1= 1 + (f1xf2)
where f1 represents the sum of increases related to factors directly affecting the rate of
application, i.e. accessibility to the sides of the retention bund, encumbrances in the bund,
range of nozzle jets and climatic considerations. Its value is between:
• f1 min = 0
and
• f1 max = 1.25 for a class I foam agent

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or
• f1 max = 1.5 for a class II foam agent.
• f2 represents the increase related to the implementation time delay factor of facilities.
Its value is equal to: f2 = 0 or f2 = 0.25 or f2 = 0.5

The limit values of K are therefore:

• K min = 1
• K max = 1 + (f1 max + f2 max) = 2.75 for a class I foam agent
or
• K max = 1 + (f1 max + f2 max) = 3 for a class II foam agent.

The different parameters must be assessed on a case by case basis integrating the presence
of fixed facilities making it possible to compensate for increases due to penalizing conditions.
The definition and the explanatory notice of these parameters are given in report no. 97/06 of
the GESIP. This report also includes examples for the calculation of operational coefficient K.

However, two points on the assessment of parameter f2 are worthwhile specifying:

• the criteria of parameter f2 defined in the table below must be permanently satisfied all
times of the day and night;
• parameter f2 must be assessed according to the facilities of the depot manager to
implement during the timing strategy phase. If the fire brigade can, according to its
closeness, supplement the operational device of the depot manager during the timing
strategy, this assistance must not, in any case, enable the dealer to disengage himself
from any responsibility. This implementation of facilities may therefore take into
account the local provisions of public services without this ever leading to a transfer of
responsibility from the dealer during the timing strategy phase.

Extrapolation to other flammable liquids:

Operational coefficient K may be assessed no matter what the flammable liquid is contained in
the tank involved as it characterizes the intervention capability proper to the depot. A set
increase of 0.5 l/m²/min should also be added to the rate calculated by testing for any other
flammable liquid.

The experimental rate of application presented above for fuel with 15% oxygenated products
added may also be used as a reference for all standard hydrocarbons with at the most 15%
oxygenated products added, as their characteristics prove that they are not more difficult to
extinguish. On the other hand, these rates cannot be used as a reference for flammable
liquids containing more than 15% oxygenated products.

In cases where the dealer does not have significant information (meaningful test results,
information from experience feedback, etc.), the experimental rate of application for another
flammable liquid shall be calculated using a test campaign carried out, taking into account the
specific nature of the product, using a protocol comparable to the one in the report no. 97/06
of the GESIP. The rates currently indicated in the texts in force shall be used if there are no
such tests analyzed conjointly with the ministerial departments involved.

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Parameters affecting the operational coefficient: Parameter f1

Parameter f1 = sum Test Equivalent Increases related to Effect of Elimination of

of increases conditions conditions penalizing conditions fixed penalizing
facilities conditions
Access to bund All sides All sides 1 or 2 sides inaccessible Yes
sides Increase for sides = 0.25
to 0.5
Encumberment, 1 tank, no Ditto tests Several tanks / pipe Yes
number of tanks, pipe bundles, increase to
pipes consumption = 0.1 to 0.2
according to
encumberment
Range of nozzle Impact/tank Ditto Not possible to touch the Yes Equipment quality
jets tank. Increase to = 0.25 Cl
I or 0.5 Cl II
Number of impact Only 1 impact Ditto tests Several impact points.
points point Impact increase = 0
Climatic conditions Zone 1(*) (10 Ditto tests Zone(*) Increase for sides Yes
m/sec) II 0.1 III 0.2 IV 0.3

(*) The zones correspond to regions I, II, III or IV in the "Snow and Wind Rules".

Parameters affecting the operational coefficient: Parameter f2

f2 value Criterion Conditions

0 - if the fixed facility or 1st intervention or prevention facility implementation
time is 15 minutes
and

- if the implementation time of 50% of retarding facilities is 30 minutes

and

- if the implementation time of 100% of retarding facilities is 45 minutes

0.25 - if one or more of these conditions is not met
0.5 - if the implementation time of 100% of the retarding facilities is > 1 h 30

Appendix II: Extinguishing of large surface area retention bund fires

When a retention bund fire surface area becomes too high, the intervention is faced with
logistic problems which do not make it possible to guarantee the extinguishing of the entire
surface area of the retention bund, even with a large rate of application allowance. The
method proposed below for surface areas greater than 6 000 m2 is based on the limiting of the
propagation of the fire to a more restricted surface area on fire.

To attain this goal, one of the most appropriate techniques consists of dividing the bund into
sub-bunds, where the surface areas are calculated according to:

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• the maximum leakage flow rate,

• the height of sub-bund walls,
• the intervention capability.

The maximum leakage flow rate shall be calculated based on scenarios selected in the hazard
study.

The intervention capability depends on two essential criteria:

• the intervention time, integrating the detection time, the implementation time of
facilities and the extinguishing time, set at 20 minutes,
• the rate of application calculated using the previously presented method.

This intervention capability should make it possible to simultaneously extinguish a sub-bund

fire before this bund fire spreads and to prevent the propagation of the fire to other sub-bunds.
The technical solutions making it possible to attain this latter mentioned goal are the laying of
a preventative foam blanket and the implementation of a siphon-type system to transfer
products from a sub-bund, or any other equivalent facility.

The speed of intervention is a primordial element for the above-mentioned conditions to be

combined. Priority is to be given to the installation of fixed complementary facilities (cooling
rings, spillways, fixed monitors…).

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