Final Exam Review

CEM 251

1. Answer the following questions for the molecule below:

a. The number of Sp3 carbons is: ______4______

b. The number of Sp2 carbons is: ______4______

c. The number of Sp carbons is: ______2______

d. The number of σ bonds is: _______22____

e. The number of π bonds is: _______4______

2. Draw the following molecules. Show stereochemistry (when necessary).

a. 3-bromo-2,4-dimethylpentane

b. (Z)-3-methyl-3-hexene

c. 1,4-cyclohexadiene

d. 2-butyne

e. (E)-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene
 f. Cis-1-chloro-3-methylcyclohexane

Cl

3. How many of the methyl groups in the below molecule will occupy an equatorial
position in the more stable conformation?

4. Draw a Newman projection of any staggered conformation of 3-bromo-4-methyl-

hexane, viewed down the C3-C4 bond.

H3C H

H Br

5. Complete the following Newman projections of the two chair conformations of

cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane viewed simultaneously down the C3-C4 and C1-C6
bonds.
6. Draw a wedge-dotted line structure for the molecule below:

7. Indicate the isomeric relationship (constitutional, configurational or

conformational) of the following molecules:

a.

b.

c.

8. Label the acids and bases in the following reaction:

Base Acid Conjugate acid Conjugate Base

9. Label the following configurations as (E) or (Z):

Z E

10. Draw the major product of the following reactions:

HCl Cl

Br Br
Br2

Br Br

OH OH
Br2
H2O
Br Br

1. BH3
HO

2. H2O2, -OH

1. OsO4 OH

2. NaHSO3, H2O
OH
11. Draw the major product of the following reactions:

12. Complete the synthesis:

13. Answer the following question for the below compounds:

a) Which on of the above compounds is (2R, 3R)-2,3-dibromobutane?

b) Which two have no plane of symmetry in any conformation?

A and D
c) Which two are optically active molecules?
A and D

d) Which two are achiral molecules?

B and C

e) Which one of the above molecules is identical to:

f) Which two will be major product of the following reactions?

14. Complete the following reactions and give the MAJOR product.
15. When 2,2-dimethyl-4-pentene-1-ol is treated with aqueous Br2, a cyclic bromo
ether is formed rather than the expected bromohydrin. Propose a mechanism,
using curved arrows to show electron movement.

16. Draw the two chair conformations of cis-2-bromocyclohexanol. Circle the most
stable conformation.

17. Draw an arrow pushing mechanism of the reaction of 1-methylcyclohexene with

Br2. Indicate what the electrophile and what the nucleophile is in each step of the
mechanism. Be sure to show stereochemistry of the products.

18. Determine the Elimination products of the following reactions:

19. How would you synthesize 1-bromohexane from acetylene and any alkyl halide
you need?

20. Draw the structure of the S-configuration of 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol.

21. Draw the products of the following reactions.

22. Rank the following molecules from 1 to 4, with 4 being the least acidic.

23. Identify the following alkenes as E, Z or NA:

24. Draw a reaction energy diagram for a two-step reaction with the first step being
rate limiting. The reaction is endergonic. Label the parts of the diagram
corresponding with reactants, products, transition state, intermediate and ∆G and
∆G . How would the reaction change if the reaction were exergonic?

25. Complete the following reaction and answer the following questions:

a. Identify the stereochemistry of the starting material as R or S.

b. The above reaction will give two products and in the process will create 2
two new stereocenters. Draw the products and identify the new
stereocenters as R or S for each of the two products.
26. Compound X (C9H18) reacts with ozone to give two products, A and B. Based on
the following IR and 1H NMR spectral data, deduce the structures of X and A and
B.

27. Predict the number of carbon resonance lines (peaks) expected in the 13C NMR
spectrum of the following molecules:
mirror plane
Br Br

O Br
Br Br

5 6 2 6

28. Predict the multiplicity (singlet, doublet, etc) of the 1H NMR signal for the each
proton.
29. All of the following compounds have a single 1H NMR peak. Approximately
where would you expect each compound to appear?

2.0 – 2.5 ppm

5.33 ppm

9.0 – 10.1 ppm

2.3 – 3.5 ppm

30. Predict the splitting pattern for each proton in the following compounds.

a.

b.

c.
 d.

e.

31. Draw structures for compounds that meet the following descriptions:
a. C2H6O, 1H NMR: one singlet

b. C4H8Cl2O, 1H NMR: two triplets

c. C3H7Cl, 1H NMR: one doublet and one septet

Cl

d. C4H8O, 1H NMR: one singlet, one triplet and one quartet

32. Deduce the structure of the following unknown structure with the formula
C11H14O:
IR: 1720 cm-1 (strong); 1550 cm-1
1
H NMR: δ 7.2, singlet (5H)
δ 2.4, triplet (2H)
δ 2.3, quartet (2H)
δ 2.2, triplet (2H)
δ 1.0, triplet (3H)

33. Deduce the structure of the following unknown structure with the formula
C4H8O2:
IR: 1715 cm-1 (strong);
1
H NMR: δ 4.1, quartet (2H)
δ 2.1, singlet (3H)
δ 1.3, triplet (3H)

34. Deduce the structure of the following unknown structure with the formula
C4H10O:
IR: 3300 cm-1 (strong);
1
H NMR: δ 3.7, singlet (1H)
δ 3.5, doublet (2H)
δ 1.5, septet (1H) should have been a multiplet.
δ 0.9, doublet (6H)

35. Determine the other product formed from this reaction.

36. Complete the following syntheses.