CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF
CHEMICAL & BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

TEST 1

COURSE CODE : CLB 10904

COURSE TITLE : CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES

DATE

TIME / DURATION : 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES

NAME : ………………………………………

ID NO & SECTION : …………………………..

LECTURER (TUTORIAL) : …………………………..

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Question must be answered in the answer booklet.

THIS QUESTION BOOKLET CONSISTS OF 9 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE.

ATTENTION: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL PERMISSION IS GIVEN TO DO SO.

 CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

TOTAL MARKS: 45 MARKS

Answer ALL questions in the ANSWER PAPER provided.

Question 1 (10 marks)

Mass flow through a sonic nozzle is a function of gas pressure and temperature. For a given pressure
(P) and temperature (T), mass flowrate through the nozzle is given by

0.0549P
m
T 0.5
Where m is in lbm/min, P is in Psia, and T is in °R.

a) Determine the unit for the constant 0.0549

b) Identify the new value of the constant if the variables in the equation and m are to be calculated
in SI units

Question 2 (15 marks)

A suspension of calcium carbonate particles in water flows through a pipe. Your assignment is to
determine both the flowrate and the composition of this slurry. You proceed to collect the stream in a
graduated cylinder for 1.00 min. You then weigh the cylinder, evaporate the collected water and re-weigh
the cylinder. The following results are obtained:

Mass of empty cylinder : 65.0 g

Mass of cylinder + collected slurry : 565.0 g
Volume collected : 455.0 mL
Mass of cylinder after evaporation : 215.0 g

Calculate:
a) The volumetric flowrate and mass flowrate of the suspension
b) The density of the suspension
c) The mass fraction of CaCO3 in the suspension

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 CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

Question 3 (20 marks)

Two aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing 20.0 wt% H 2SO4 (SG = 1.139) and 60.0 wt% H2SO4
(SG = 1.498) are mixed to form a 4.00 molar (mol/L) solution (SG = 1.213).
(MW : S=32, H=1, O=16)
a) Calculate the mass fraction of sulfuric acid in the product solution.
b) Taking 100 kg of the 20.0 wt% H2SO4 feed solution as a basis.
i. Draw and label a flowchart of this process
ii. Perform the degree of freedom analysis (DOF)
iii. Calculate the feed ratio (20.0 wt% H2SO4 solution / 60.0 wt% H2SO4 solution)
c) Calculate feed rate of the 60.0 wt% H2SO4 solution (L/hr) would be required to produce 1250
kg/hr of the product.

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 CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

Question 1 (10 marks)

The heat capacity of ammonia defined as the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of a unit mass of ammonia by precisely 1˚ at a constant pressure is over a
limited temperature range given by the expression

 Btu  4
CP    0.487  2.29 x10 T ( F )
 lbm. F 
Determine the expression for CP in J/(g.˚C) in terms of T(˚C)

Question 2 (10 marks)

Examine the flow sheet in figure below (adapted from hydrocarbon processing, November
1974) for the atmospheric distillation and pyrolysis of all atmospheric distillates for fuels
and petrochemicals. Does the mass in equal mass out? Give reason why the mass does or
does not balance. Note: T/A is metric tons/year.

Question 3 (40 marks)

An evaporation-crystallization process of the type described in figure below is used to obtain

solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous solution of this salt. The fresh feed to the process
contains 19.6 wt% K2SO4. The wet filter cake consists of solid K2SO4 crystals and a 40.0
QP: TEST 1 Page 4 of 7
 CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

wt% K2SO4 solution in a ratio 10 kg crystals/ kg solution. The filtrate also a 40.0% solution
is recycled to join the fresh feed. Of the water fed to the evaporator, 45.0% is evaporated.
The evaporator has a maximum capacity of 175 kg/s water evaporated.

a. Assume the process is operating at maximum capacity. Label a flowchart above

and do the degree of freedom (DOF) analysis for the overall system, the recycle-fresh
feed mixing point, the evaporator and the crystallizer. Then write in an efficient order
the equations you would solve to determine all unknown stream variables. In each
equation, circle the variable for which you would solve but do not do the calculations.

b. Calculate the maximum production rate of solid K2SO4, the rate at which fresh feed
must be supplied to achieve this production rate and the ratio kg recycle / kg fresh
feed.

c. Calculate the composition and feed rate of the stream entering the crystallizer if the
process is scaled to 75% of its maximum capacity.

d. The wet filter cake is subjected to another operation after leaving the filter.
Suggest what it might be.

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CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

Question 1 (10 marks)

Determine if the following equations are dimensionally correct

N d  Vghd (   1 )
ln 
Na kT

Where Nd and Na are number of particles, V is volume, g is gravitational

acceleration, hd is distance, ρ density, k is Boltzmann’s constant with SI units of
joules per Kelvin and T is absolute temperature.

Question 2 (10 marks)

A mixture of methanol and methyl acetate contains 15.0 wt% methanol.

a) Determine the g-moles of methanol in 200.0kg of the mixture.
b) The flow rate of methyl acetate in the mixture is to be 100.0 Ib-mole/h. What
must the mixture flow rate be in Ibm/h

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 CONFIDENTIAL CLB 10904

Question 3 (30 marks)

A stream containing 5.15 wt% chromium, Cr is contained in the wastewater from a metal finishing plant.
The wastewater stream is fed to a treatment unit that removes 95% of the chromium in the feed and
recycles it to the plant. The residual liquid stream leaving the treatment unit is sent to a waste lagoon. The
treatment unit has a maximum capacity of 4500 kg wastewater/h. If wastewater leaves the finishing plant
at a rate higher than the capacity of the treatment unit, the excess (anything above 4500kg/h) bypasses the
unit and combines with the residual liquid leaving the unit and the combined stream goes to the waste
lagoon.


a. Wastewater leaves the finishing plant at a rate m1  6000kg / h . Calculate the flowrate of liquid
   
m3 (kg / h) , m4 (kg / h) , m5 (kg / h) , m6 (kg / h) and the mass fraction of Cr X5(kg/kg Cr), X6(kg
/kg).

b. Calculate the flowrate of liquid to the waste lagoon and the mass fraction of Cr in this liquid for m1
varying from 1000kg/h to 5,000 kg/h increments. Complete the following table.

m1(kg/hr) m2(kg/hr) m3(kg/hr) m4(kg/hr) m5(kg/hr) x5 m6(kg/hr) x6

1000
2000
3000
4000
5000


m 4 (kg / hr ) Cr (no water)

95% of Cr in feed to
unit
 

wastewater m15 (kg / hr ) m 6 (kg / hr )

Treatmen

m1 ( kg / hr )

t x5 (Cr) x6 (Cr) To waste lagoon
m 2 (kg / hr )
unit 1-x5 (water)1-x6 (water)
0.0515 kg/kg Cr <4500kg/hr
0.0515 kg/kg Cr


m 3 (kg / hr )

Figure 1

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