CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

For constructing any building or structure the history of land along with vicinity must be
known. I found myself at the plot, which situated for from the inhabiting area. My
problem at the site is to construct a “RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT”.

A plot is situated at Faizabad road adjacent Kishan path behind BBD University,
Lucknow. The length of the plot is 40 meter and width 30 meter. My plot area of the
project on which we are working approx 1200 sq/m. Severe line are available on the both
side of the road where the water level is likely to raise up 180 meter during heavy rains.
Electricity and water supply, school, post office and market are available near the city.

In this project we had done the detail estimation of the following items of the G+6
STRUCTURE

 Excavation
 Quantity
 Quantity of concrete in different element, raft, tie beam other beam and columns
and slab.
 Calculation of Reinforcement on the mention of the building.
 Estimation of brick work.
 Plaster
 Flooring

A building is so planned so as to meet the various requirements such as minimum set lack
side set and also keeping in mind the function utility of each and every unit .Therefore
should be proper cross ventilation in all possible cases.

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The planning should be in such a manner that in summer all room are
protected from ultraviolet sun rays and in winter sufficient sunlight should
be available by providing suitable doors and window staircase should be well
planned and approachable from all the sides of the building.

The structure component such as floor as slab, roof slab, foundation, Lintel and Beams
should be made of good quality materials. Mosaic flooring of chops is extensively used
now a days. Standard specification have been followed for providing lawn maintenance.
W.C. Seats, septic tanks, kitchen sinks. Washbasin Rafting for stairs and cement concrete
in foundation. P.V.C. pipeline is provided underground to Septic tanks and soak pit,
which is having outlet .The municipal drains, since there is no sewer line is provided in
the area. A septic tank for so 50 users is provided for nursing home.

Finally all constructions works should be done under the supervision of Experienced
CIVIL ENGINEER by skilled labours. All requirements are full filled according to
problem.

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 CHAPTER-2
SPECIFICATION

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CHAPTER 2

1 - EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION OF

WALLS AND COLUMN CONCRETE BLOCK IN FOUNDATION

EXCAVATION:-Foundation trenches shall be dug out of the width of foundation

concrete and the sides shall be vertical, if the soil is not good and does not permit vertical
sides. The sides should be shall not places with 1 meter (3’3”) of the edge of trench.

FINISH OF TRENCH :-The bottom of foundation trenches shall be perfectly levelled

both longitudinal transversely and the sides of trench shall be dressed perfectly vertical
from bottom up to the least thickness of loose concrete so that concrete may be laid to the
exact width as per design. The bed of trench shall be lightly watered and well rammed.
Excess digging if contractor soft or defective spots shall be dug out and removed filled
with concrete width stabilized so it. If rocks or boulders are found during excavation
these should be removed and the bed of the trenches shall be levelled and made hard by
consolidating the earth.

FINDS:- Any treasure and valuable are materials found during the excavation shall be
properly of the government.

WATER IN FOUNDATION:- Water if any accumulates in the trench should be baled

or pumped out without extra payment and necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent
surface water to enter into the trench.

TRENCH FILLING:-After the concrete has been masonry has been constructed the
remaining portion of the trenches shall be filled with earth in layer 1.5 cm (6”) and
watered well rammed. The earth of air filling shall be broken before filling surplus earth
not required. Shall be removed and disposed and site shall be levelled and dressed.

MEASUREMENT:- The measurement of the excavation shall be taken in cubic -meter

or (cubic -feet) as per rectangular trench bottom width of concrete multiplied by the
length vertical depth of the foundation from ground level and multiply by the length of

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the trenches even length the contractor have excavated with slopping side for his
concurrence.

EXCAVATION:-Excavated excavation is saturated soil or below sub soil water level

should be taken under a separate item and shall be carried out in the same manners as
above. Pumping or boiling out of water and the sides of trenches if required in the item.
Timbering of the sides of the trenches if required shall be taken under a separate item and
paid separately.

2 - FIRST CLASS BRICK WORK IN 1:6 CEMENT SAND MORTAR

IN FOUNDATION UPTO PLINTH

BRICK:-All bricks of first class of standard specification made of good earth through
burnt and shall be of deep cherry red or copper colour. Bricks shall red regular is shape
and hair edges should be sharp and small emit clear ringing sound of being struck and
shall not absorb water more than one sixth of their weight after one hour soaking by in
increase in water brick shall have a minimum crushing strength of 105 kg per square –
cm.

CEMENT MORTAR:- Mortar shall be specified and material of mortar shall be of

standard specification for cement mortar cement shall be sharp clean and free from
organic and foreign matter for rich mortar coarse or medium sand be used and for weak
mortar local fine sand may be used and proportion of cement sand mortar is specifies 1:6.
Material of mortar shall measured to have then required proportions with measuring box
and first mixed dry to have uniform colour in a clean masonry platform and then mixed
by adding clean water slowly and gradually to have workable consistency and mixed
thoroughly of by turning at least three times fresh mixed mortar shall be used. Old and

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stare mortar shall not be used and mortar for one hours work only shall be mixed with
water so that the mortar may be used before setting starts.

SOAKING OF BRICKS:-Bricks shall be fully soaked in clean water submerging in a

tank for a period of 12 hours immediately before use. Soaking shall be continued till air
bubbling increased.

LAYING:-Brick shall be well bounded and laid in English bond unless otherwise
specified. Every course shall be truly horizontal and well be truly plumb. Vertical joints
of consecutive course shall b clean cut come directly one over other vertical joints in
alternate course shall be clean cut bricks over one another. No damage or broken bricks
shall be used. Closers shall be clean cut bricks shall be placed near the ends of the walls
but not at the other edge. Selected base shaped brick shall be used for face work. Mortar
joints shall not exceed 6 mm in thickness and joints shall be fully filled with mortar.
Bricks shall be laid with frogs upward except in top course where frogs upward except in
top course where frogs shall be placed downward. Brick work shall be carried out not
more than 1 meter height at a time. When one part of the well has to be delayed stopping
shall be left at an angle of 45° corbelling or projections were made should not be more
then (1/4) brick projections in one course. All joints are racked face of wall cleaned at the
end of each day’s work.

CURINIG:-The brick shall be kept wet for a period of at least 10 days after lying. At the
end of day’s work the top of walls should be flooded with water by making small work
mortar edging to contain to least 2.5 cm deep water.

PROTECTION:-The brick wall shall be protected from the effect of sun, rain, frost, etc,
during the construction and up till such times it is green and likely to change.

SCAFFOLDING:-necessary and suitable scaffolding should be provided to facilitate the

construction of brick wall.

MEASUREMENT:-Brick wall shall be measured in cubic meter different kinds of

bricks work with different mortar shall be taken under separate items thickness of wall
shall be taken as multiple of half brick as half brick 10 cm. 1 brick 20 cm and 1.5 brick

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30 cm and so on. The rates shall be for the complete work including scaffolding and all
tools and plants.

3 - CEMENT CONCRETE BLOCK IN FOUNDATION 9” THICK

HAVING RATIO OF 1:5:10

MATERIALS:-All the materials shall be as per specification coarse aggregate shall be

of hard, well brunt or over brunt brick ballast of 40 mm gauge. It shall be deep cherry red
or copper colour and be clean free from dust, dirt and other foreign matter it shall be
homogenous in texture and roughly cubical in shape ballast which appears porous or
shoes sign of salt petrel shall not be used. Fine aggregate shall be of surkhi or sand or
cinder as specified and clean and free from dust, dirt and foreign matter surkhi shall be
made of will brunt brick or brick bats (144 mesh per square inch) surkhi is preferably
better concrete.

PROPORTION:-The concrete shall consist of 0.1 cubic meter brick ballast 0.05 cubic
meter of surkhi (sand or cinder) and 0.01 cu-m of white lime in the proportion of 10:5:1
by volume.

MIXING:- Mixing shall be done a clean water tight necessary platform o sufficient size.
Brick ballast shall be staked in a rectangular layer of uniform thickness usually 30 cm
high and well soaked with clean water for a period of at least three hours.

SLUMP:-Regular slump test should e carried out to control the addition of water and to
maintain the required consistency.

FORM WORK:-From work should be provided as required as per standard specification

before laying concrete in position.

LAYING AND COMPACTION:- Bed to foundation trenches shall be lightly sprinkled

with water before concrete is laid, concrete should be laid slowly and gently (not thrown)
in layers of not more than 20 dm and thoroughly consolidation of 15 dm with 6 kg iron
rammer. The water level should be not sink more than 1.25 cm in 15 minutes, if concrete
has been wall consolidation.

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CURING:-Concrete after completion shall be kept wet for a period of at least of 7 days
no masonry shall be constructed upon it during this period. The curing shall be done bray
spreading gunny bags or sand or keeping then wet by water can at regular interval.

MEASURING:-Measurement shall be taken in cu – m for the finished concrete. The

length and shall be measured concrete o 1 cm and depth concrete to 0.5 cm. The rate
shall be for the complete work. Including the cost of form work if required and all tools
and plants.

4 - EARTH WORK IN FILLING TO RAISE THE LEVEL OF

GROUND

EARTH:-Earth is the filling should be used loose free from bat stone boulder no larger
than 75 mm in any direction , organic or other foreign mattes. Normally excavated earth
from the foundation shall be used for filling. However such earth contains materials etc,
should not be used.

FILLING:-The spaces around the foundation pipes and drains in trench shall be cleared
of all brick bates etc. The filling shall be done in layers not exceeding 20 cm. Each layer
shall be done watered, rammed and consolidation before the succeeding one is laid. Earth
shall be crammed with iron rammer special care should be taken that no damage is
caused to the pipe, grains and masonry in the trenches below filling under floor i. e in
plinth the finished level of finishing shall be kept slopping intended to be given to the
floor.

MEASUREMENT:-Earth work in plinth filling is calculated by taking the internal

dimension in between the plinth wall which are usually less than the internal dimension s
of the room b two sets of plinth wall i .e 10 cm and height is taken after deducting the
thickness of concrete in floor usually 7.5 cm, if sand filling is done in plinth should e

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taken separately the height and breadth of each filling may be same as the internal
dimension of the room if there is no offset in plinth wall.

5 - LAYING OF D.P.C. 4 CM THICK WITH 1:2:4 CEMENT

CONCRETE WITH 2% DAMP PROOFING POWDER

MATERIALS:-Damp proof course consist of cement coarse sand aggregate 1:2:4

proportions with 2% of impact cu – m seal, or according by weight of cement other
standard water proofing component (1 kg per bag of cement). The damp proof course
shall be applied at the plinth level in a horizontal layer of 4 cm. The cement shall be fresh
Portland cement of standard specifications. The sand shall be clean, course, and other
standard water proofing component may be used and the quantity shall be used as per
construction of the manufactures.

MIXING:-Mixing shall be done in a platform or in a sheet or on a tray in the proportion

of 1:2:4 by measuring with measuring boxes. The cement is first mixed thoroughly with
the water proofing component to the required quantity and then mix dry with the sand in
proportion of 1:2 the mix cement and shall be added slowly and gradually while being
mixed to the required workable consistency. The mixing shall be done by turning at least
three times to give a uniform and homogenous concrete.

LAYING:-The level of the surface of the plinth shall be checked longitudinally and
transversely. The top of wall at damp proof course be laid with frogs of the bricks
downward slides from or shutting of strong wooden batten of 205 cm thickness shall be
fixed properly and formally on both sides for confine the concrete so that the shuttering
dies not get disturbed compacting and mortar does not get disturbed during the shuttering
shall b oiled to prevent concrete adhering to it to the surface of the wall shall be wetted
by watering before concrete is laid. The concrete shall be laid within half an hour of
mixing and compacted through by tamping to make dense concrete and levelled so that
longitudinally and transversely after two hours of a laying the surface of concrete shall be
rough and required so as to form a key with the wall above. The damp proof course shall
be laid in continuation in one day without any joints. Joints or break if any unavoidable
shall be given at the sell or opening. If joints cannot be avoided the joints shall be sloped

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and the sloped surface shall be applied with near cement wash just before starting
concreting on the following day, shuttering may be removed after three days on removal
the edges should become smooth without any honey combing.

CURING:-The damp proof course shall be covered by watering and kept wet for 7 days
and the construction of wall above may be started. The surface shall be cleaned and
wetted before masonry is started.

PAINTING WITH ASPHAL:-Two coats of asphalt painting may be applied on the

upper surface of damp proof course , if specified. The first coat of hot asphalt at 1.5 kg
per square meter (15%sq.ft) shall be applied immediately with coarse sand and the
concrete in dry painted surface is blinded immediately with coarse and coarse sand the
surface tamped lightly. The 2nd coat hot asphalt at 1 kg per sq.mt should than be applied
uniformly and the surface is immediately blinded with coarse sand tamped lightly.

2 CM DAMP PROOF COURSE :- The damp proof coursed may be 2 cm thick layer of
1:2 cement and coarse sand mortar with standard water proofing component at the side
rate of 1 kg per bag of cement. The mixing, laying, curing etc. Shall be done in the same
manner as above .The form or shuttering shall be 2 cm thick.

6 - FIRST CLASS BRICK WORK IN 1:6 CEMENT SAND MORTAR

IN SUPER STRUCTURE

BRICK:-All bricks shall be o first class of standard specifications made of good brick
earth thoroughly burnt and shall be of deep cherry red or copper colour. Bricks shall be
regular in shape and their edges should be sharp and shall emit clear ringing sound on
being struck and shall be free from cracks, chips, flaws and lumps of any kinds bricks
shall not absorb water more than one sixth of their weight after one hour of soaking by
immersing in water, bricks shall have a minimum crushing strength of 105 kg per sq –mt.

MORTAR:-Mortar shall be specified and material of mortar shall be of standard

specification. Sand shall be sharp , clean, and free from organic and foreign matters for
rich mortar coarse or medium should be used and for weak mortar local fine sand may be
used. Proportion of cement sand mortar may be of 1:6 material of mortar shall be

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measured to have the required proportion with measuring boxes and first mixed dry to
have a uniform colour in a clean water slowly and gradually to have consistency and
mixed thoroughly by turning at least three times.

Fresh mixed mortar shall be used old and sate mortar not be used and mortar for one hour
work only shall be mixed with water so that the mortar may be used setting starts. Lime
surkhi mortar if specified shall mixed in the specified proportion by grinding in mortar
mill for at least three hours shall be used old and stale mortar should not be used for small
work hand mixing may be allowed in the same manner of for cement of for cement
mortar described above.

SOAKING OF BRICKS:- Bricks shall be fully soaked in clean water submerging in a

tank for a period of 12 hours immediately before use. Soaking shall be continued till the
air bubbling is decreased.

LAYING:- Brick shall be bounded and laid English bond submerging and specified.
Every course shall be truly horizontal and well shall be truly in plumb. Vertical joints in
alternate consecutive not come directly over one another, vertical joints, I alternate course
shall come directly over one another. No damage broken bricks shall be used closers
shall be of clean cut bricks and shall be placed near the ends not at the other edges,
selected near the ends of walls but not at the other edges selected best shaped bricks shall
be used for face work. Mortar joints shall be exceed 6 mm in thickness and joints shall be
fully filled with mortar. Bricks shall be laid with frogs upward except in the top course
where frogs shall be left at an angle. Bricks shall be carried out more than1 meter height
at a time when one part of the wall has to be delayed stepping shall be left at an angle 45°
corbelling or projections were made should not be more that 1/4 bricks, projections in
coarse.

CURING:- The bricks shall be kept for a period of at least of 10 days after laying. At the
end of days work the tops of walls should be flouted water by a making small mortar
ending at least 2.5 cm deep water.

PROTECTION:- The bricks shall be protected from the effect of rain, sun, froze etc.
During the construction and until such times it is given and likely to be damaged.

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Necessary and suitable scaffolding shall be provided to facile the construction of brick
wall. Scaffolding shall be sound and strong and supports and members sufficiently strong
so as to with stand loads likely to come upon them.

MEASUREMENT:-Brick work shall be measured in cu – m different kinds of bricks

work with different mortar shall be taken as multiple of half brick of 10 cm, 1 brick of 20
cm and 1.5 brick 30 cm and so on. The rate shall be for the complete work including
scaffolding and all tools and plants

BRICK WORK:-In addition to above type of arch rough or axial or round or gauged as
the case may be and the centring of the arch should be specified.

7 - R.C.C WORK IN SLAB, BEAMS AND LINTEL IN 1:2:4 CEMENT

CONCRETE MIX (M-20) GRADE

STEEL:-Steel reinforcing bars shall be mild steel or deformed steel of standard

specification and shall be free from corrosion loose rust states, oil grease without
fractures. Bars shall be hooked and bend accurately and placed in positions as per design
and drawing and bound together light with 20 S.W.G. annealed steel wire at three point
on intersection. Bar shall be bent cold by applying gradual and motion bars of 40 mm
diameter above may be bent by heating to dull red allowed to cool slowly without
immersing in water or quenching joints in the bars should be provided as far as possible,
when joints have to be jointed of welding and made an overlap of 40 times diameter of
bars shall be given with roper hooks at ends and joints shall be staggered. Bigger
diameter bar should be jointed of welding and tested before placing in opposition while
concreting steel bars shall be given side and bottom coursed of concrete by placing
precies cover blocks under beneath of 1:2 cement mortar 2.5 x2.5 cm in section and
thickness of specified cover.

CENTERING AND SHUTTRING:-Centring and shuttering shall be made with timber

or steel close and tight to prevent leakage or mortar with necessary props. Breaking and
wedges , sufficient strong and stable and should not yield on laying concrete and made in
such a manner that they can be slab and remove gradually without disturbing the

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concrete. No plastering should be made the concrete surface. A coat of oil washing
should applied over shattering or paper should be spread o have a smooth and finished
surface and to prevent adherence of concrete for slab and beam smaller member should
be given in centring 1 cm per 25 cm with a maximum of 4 cm. The centring and
shuttering shall be removed slowly and carefully so that one part is disturbed or damaged.

LAYING:-Before laying the concrete the shuttering shall be clean free from dust first
and other foreign materials. The concrete shall be deposited in its final height in practical
so as to avoid construction joints but the progress of concreting on then vertical directions
shall be retracted to one meter to per hour care should be taken that the initial setting
process is dense concrete is obtained. The end shall be stopped at an angle of 30°and
rougher for future jointing structures exceeding 45 meter in length shall be divided by
one more expansion joints.

CURING:-After about two hours laying when concrete has began to harder, if shall be
kept damp by covering with wet sunny bags or wet sand for 24 hours and then cured with
flooding with water making mud wall 7.5 cm high or by covering with wet sand or earth
and dept damp continuously for 15 days if specified curing may be done by covering
concrete with special type of water proofing paper as to prevent water escaping or
evaporation.

FINISHING:-If specified the expose surface shall be plastered which 1.5 cement sand
mortar not exceeding 6 mm thickness and the plastering shall be applied immediately
after removed of the centring while the concrete is green. Immediately before applying
the plaster the surface of concrete shall be wetted and that cement wash shall be given.

PROPORTION OF CEMENT:- Cement concrete shall be of 1:2 proportions by

volume of slab, beams, lintels and 1:1:5 proportion for volume unless otherwise
specified.

MATERIAL FOR CONCRETE:-Cement sand mortar and course aggregate shall be as

cement concrete aggregate shall be of hard broken stone of Granite or similar stone free
from dust dirty and other foreign matters. The stones ballast shall be of 30 mm size and

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down all should be retained in 5 mm square mesh and well grade such that the voids do
not exceeds 42%.

Fine aggregate shall be of course and consisting of hard and sharp any grains and shall
pass through screen of 5 mm square mesh , cement shall be fresh Portland cement of
standard I.S.I. specifications for heavy reinforced concrete member as in case of 5 mm
less than the minimum clear distance between covered to the reinforcement which main
bars or 5 mm less than minimum covered to the reinforcement which is smaller.

MIXING:-Stone ballast course sand cement shall be put into the cement concrete to have
the required proportion for the concrete of 1:2:3 proportion first four boxes of stone
ballast then two boxes of sand and then one bag of cement of shall be put into the cement
concrete mixer. The machine shall than is revolved quantity 25 - 30 litter per bag of
cement to have the required water cement ratio. The mixing should be through to have a
plastic mix of uniform colour. It requires 1.5 – 2 minutes rotations for through mixing.
Mixed concrete shall be unloaded on a masonry platform or on a sheet of iron.

MEASUREMENT:-Measurement shall be taken in cu – m for finishing work and know

deductions shall be made for this volume of steel. Steel reinforcement shall be measured
under a separate item in quintal (weight). Plastering if any shall not be included in the
measurement the rate of R.C.C. shell be for the complete work excluding cantering and
shuttering and all tools and plants

SAND MORTAR8 - PLASTERING OF CELLING WITH 1:4

CEMENT

MATERIAL:- Cement should be fresh Portland of standards specifications.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE:-Plastering on ceiling should start only after the roof

tracing duo to the gaps at the joints in shuttering be removed. The surface plastering.

APPLICATION OF PLASTERING:-The thickness of plastering shall be usually 12

mm applied two or three coats and thickness should be maintained throughout ceiling
plastering should be complete before starting of the wall plaster to uniform thickness of

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the plaster of 5cm x 15cm, strips in apart the first coat should be applied on the prepared
cleaned and wetted surface by dusting the mortar and pressing it over surface and finally
the surface is floated roughly with wooden float. The thickness of first coat may be vary
between 6mm to 9mm.

When the first coat has set is should be kept wet for a least two days when first coat has
gained sufficient strength. Generally 12 mm thick is finally finished obviously. The third
coat being applied in some manner as second coat and is finally finished.

TESTING OF PLASTER:-The work should be tested frequently with a straight edge

and plumb bob. At the end of day work water should be left, cut and clean to time, when
the next day plastering is started to edges of the old should be spread clean with wetted
cement slurry.

CURING:-Curing should be started as soon as the plaster harden sufficiently not be

damaged when watered. The plaster should be kept wet for at least 10 days.
9 - PLASTERING ON WALLS WITH 1:5 CEMENT SAND MORTAR

The joints of the bricks should be racked out of a depth of 18mm and the surface of the
wall shall be washed out and kept wet for two days before plastering. The materials of
mortar cement and sand as specified should be a standard specifications. The material or
mortar should be first dry mixed by measuring with boxes to have the required proportion
and water added slowly and gradually and mixed thoroughly.

The thickness of plastering shall be specified usually 12mm applied in two and three
coats. To ensure uniform thickness of plastering batches of 15cm x 15cm strips 1 meter
apart or 10cm wide plaster shall be applied first at about 2meter apart to acts as a guide.
First mortar shall be dashed and pressed over the surface and then brought to a pure
smooth and uniform surface by means of float and trowel. Internal plastering shall be
started whenever the building frame is ready and entering the roof slabs have been
removed the surface plastered shall be kept wet for 10 days. The surface shall be
protected from rail seen frost etc.

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For ideal work, the plastering should be applied in the three coats. The rendering or first
coat of 10mm, to floating or second coat of 10mm to 6mm and finishing coat of 5-6mm,
having a total minimum thickness of 20mm. It shall be kept damp for at least two days,
when he first has sufficiently set, the surface shall be wetted and a second coat of plaster
shall be applied and bought to true even surface wetted and a second coat of plaster shall
be applied and brought to true even surface and then lightly roughened with a wooden
float to provide bond for the finished coat.

10 - MOSAIC FLOORING OVER BASE CONCRETE

The mosaic floor consist of two layers, the bottom layers 2cm to 2.5cm, cement concrete
1:2:4 as specified and the upper layer 6mm thick the proportion of 1:1.5 on 1 part of
cement and 1.5 parts of marbles chips. The top layer is laid on the following days. It
should be laid more than the specified thickness in order to get the specified thickness
after cutting and finishing cement shall be of standard specification. The stone grit shall
be hard and tough of 12mm gauge well graded clean and free from dust and direct. The
marble chips shall be of 3mm gauge having maximum size 3mm and minimum size of
1.5mm larger size of marble chips limited to 6mm may be used in floor or big rooms.

Cement concrete shall be prepared by mixing the ingredients dry by using with
boxes to have required proportion. First cement and shall be mixed with stone chips dry
and then mixed by adding water slowly and gradually mixed thoroughly to have a
uniform plastic mix. The bows shall be made thoroughly and wetted and given cement
was and the concrete shall be laid in 2cm thick layer in panels of 1m x 2m bounded by
heating and tempering and levelled with wooden float.

Finally when the surface is absolutely dry oxalic acid powder shall be well rubbed on the
surface with piece of felt and a few drops of water and this operation is repeated until the
surface become perfectly smooth and glossy. The surface may also be rubbed with wax to
give glazing surface white cement or coloured cement shall be used to have the required
colour if specified proportion of mosaic layers may be 1:2 or1:1 cement marble chips as
specified.

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The mosaic layer also is applied on following day instead of some day of concreting if
specified. In that case surface should be left rough and a neat cement wash shall be
applied just before mosaic layer is laid.

For ground floor a base of lane concrete or weak cement concrete and for first and upper
roughening and cement washing shall be provided.

The grinding and polishing may also be done by grinding machine in three operations.
First grinding with machine fitted with coarse grade stone , second grinding with machine
with medium grade and final grinding with fine grade stone

11 - GLAZED TILE WORK IN KITCHEN AND TOILET UPTO

DOOR LEVEL

Glazed tile work in kitchen and toilet shall be conforming to be 777-1970. They shall be
flat and trace to shape and free from cracks chipped and corner. The glazing shall be
uniform shades.

The tile shall be normal size such as 150mm x 100mm as specified. The tolerance on
facial dimension value shall be positive or negative 1mm and positive and negative
0.05mm in thickness. The thickness of tiles shall be 5mm or specified. The top surface of
the shall be free from glazed.

PREPARATION OF SRUFACE:-Sub grade concrete or the R.C.C. slab on which the

tiles are to be laid tile should be cleaned wetted and mopped. The laid should be of up to
2cm height the bleeding of the tile shall be of 1:3 mortar as specified having 10mm
thickness the mortar shall be spread tamped and corrected to proper level and allowed to
hardened sufficiently to offer a fairly cushion for the tile to set and to enable the mason to
place the wooden plank across and squeak to honey like consistency shall be spread at the
rate 3.3 kg of cement per square meter.

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12 - ROOF TERRAACING WORK WITH BRICK TILE SAID OVER
MUD PHASKA

Mud phaska terracing well be suitable in hot dry region where the rainfall does not
exceed 130 cm per annum and externally hot temperature occur during summer.

MUD PHASKAMORTAR:-Mud mortar shall be prepared for one earth good brick
earth free from gross root, kankar etc. The earth shall be produced to a fine powdered
state and mixed with bhusa at 8kg oer cubic meter of mortar per 4 cu- ft and then mixed
with sufficient water in a pit. The mix shall be worked up with (Phawres) and feet daily
for at least 4 days so as to get a homogenous mass.

LAYING:-The mud mortar shall be laid on the terrace to the requisite thickness 7.5cm to
10cm and a minimum slope of 1 in 48 towards the outlet and rammed with wooden
Thapies under optimum moisture conditions. The surface shall be checked with straight
edge and spoirit and corrected where necessary with the same mortar. The surface shall
be soaked in water and powdered to dry somewhat and if and cracks appear these shall be
filled with liquid cow dung.

MUD GOBRI PLASTER:-The surface shall be then be given a coat of 12mm plaster of
mud gobri mortar 3:1 (3 mud and 1 cow dung) free from grass straw and other impurities
shall be soaked in water and powdered earth shall be added in the ratio of 3:1 and mixed
thoroughly adding to have a homogenous mix of the workable consistency. The mortar
shall then be applied to a uniform thickness of 12mm.

PAVING WITH THE BRICK:-First class flat tiles 4cm thick well brunt made of good
brick shall be used. The tiles shall be laid dry on the mud gobri plaster before it dries up
completely then 6mm wide tiles should be inserted into parapet wall be 4cm the open
joints shall thin be see that no joints remain unfilled or partially filled.

The joints shall then be finished flush with wet begs or wet sand for at least seven days
and during this period the surface shall be protected for damaged.

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MEASUREMENT:-The rate shall be for complete work of mud layer of the stipulated
thickness of mud gobri plaster and the tiles paving. The measurement shall be taken for
the finished work over the tiled surface in sq- m; no deductions shall be made for opening
or recesses up to 0.4 sq- m

Mud terracing may be over R.C.C. slab or two layer of tile or one layer of brick or one
layer of stone slab or wooden planks supported on batten or beam or R.C.C. steel or
timber.

One coat of asphalt may be applied on the base slab of concrete before laying the mud
mortar if specified.

Page | 19
CHAPTER-3
ESTIMATION

Page | 20
 Details of measurment and calculation of quantities

Particular items of
S.No. work No. L B H QTY. Unit
Earthwork in
excavation in
1 foundation 1 39.42 30.2 1.2 1428.58
TOTAL 1428.58 CUM

PCC WORK in
2 foundation 1 39.42 30.2 0.1 119.05
TOTAL 119.05 CUM

RCC WORK IN
3 FOUNDATION
C1 6 1.50 1.50 0.50 6.75
C3 6 1.00 1.00 0.50 3.00
C4 8 1.50 1.50 0.50 9.00
C5 4 1.00 1.00 0.50 2.00
TOTAL 20.75 CUM

RCC WORK IN
4 COLUMN
COLUMN UPTO
PLINTH LEVEL
C1 6 0.30 0.60 4.2 4.61
C2 2 0.30 0.60 4.2 1.54
C3 6 0.30 0.60 4.2 4.61
C4 8 0.46 0.61 4.2 9.36

Page | 21
 C5 4 0.23 0.84 4.2 3.22
TOTAL 23.34 CUM

5 COLUMN UP TO FF
C1 6 0.30 0.60 3 3.29
C2 2 0.30 0.60 3 1.10
C3 6 0.30 0.60 3 3.29
C4 8 0.23 0.60 3 6.58
C5 4 0.46 0.60 3 1.65
TOTAL 15.91 CUM
G.
TOTAL 39.25 CUM

TIE BEAM 1 415.62 0.3 0.23 28.68 CUM

BEAM GF AND FF 2 415.62 0.3 0.23 57.36 CUM
SLAB 2 39.42 30.28 0.125 298.41 CUM
TOTAL RCC WORK 467.78 CUM

4 REINFORCEMENT
FOOTING @ 1.5% 0.31 CUM
COLUMN @2% 0.78 CUM
TIE BEAM@1% 0.29 CUM
BEAM @1% 0.57 CUM
SLAB @ .8% 2.39 CUM
TOTAL 4.34 CUM
WIEGHT IN KG 7850
KG/CUM 34098.92 KG

5 BRICKWORK
FLAT TYPE 1

Page | 22
BRICK WORK
DINING LOBBY
SHORT WALLS 2 2.91 0.23 3 2.01
LONG WALLS 2 3.05 0.23 3 4.21
KITCHEN
SHORT WALLS 1 0.91 0.12 3 0.00
1 1.81 0.12 3 0.62
LONG WALLS 2 2.44 0.12 3 1.68

BED ROOM
SHORT WALL 1 3.48 0.12 3 1.20
LONG WALL 2 3.66 0.12 3 2.52
DRAWING ROOM
SHORT WALL 1 3.05 0.23 3 0.00
LONG WALL 2 3.28 0.12 3 4.52
TOILET
SHORT WALL 2 1.37 0.12 3 0.95
LONG WALL 1 2.44 0.12 3 0.84
TOTAL 18.55
DEDUCT
DOOR 1 2 1.07 0.12 2.13 0.52
DOOR 2 2 0.91 0.12 2.13 0.45
DOOR3 2 0.76 0.12 2.13 0.37
WINDOW 1 1 1.52 0.12 1.22 0.21
WINDOW 2 2 0.91 0.12 1.22 0.26
TOTAL 1.82
G.
TOTAL 16.74

FLAT TYPE 2

Page | 23
 BRICK WALL
DINING LOBBY
SHORT WALLS 2 3.05 0.12 3 1.81
LONG WALLS 1 0.23 3 2.10
KITCHEN 1.83 0.00
SHORT WALLS 2 2.44 0.12 3 1.26
LONG WALLS 1 0.12 3 0.84
BED ROOM 1 3.05 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.05 0.12 3 2.10
LONG WALL 2 0.23 3 4.21
BED ROOM 2 3.66 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.20 0.115 3 2.52
LONG WALL 2 0.23 3 4.42
DRAWING ROOM 2.97 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 4.42 0.115 3 2.05
LONG WALL 1 0.23 3 3.05
TOILET 1 1.83 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 0.12 3 1.26
LONG WALL 1 1.37 0.12 3 0.63
TOILET2 2.63 0.00
SHORT WALL 1 2.59 0.12 3 0.47
LONG WALL 1 0.12 3 0.89
TOTAL 27.63
7 DEDUCT 1.07
DOOR 1 3 0.91 0.12 2.13 0.79
DOOR 2 4 0.76 0.12 2.13 0.90
DOOR3 1 1.83 0.12 2.13 0.19
WINDOW 1 2 1.52 0.12 1.22 0.43
WINDOW 2 2 0.91 0.12 1.22 0.26
TOTAL 2.55

Page | 24
 G.
TOTAL 25.08 CUM
FOR 6 FLATS OF FLAT G.
TYPE 1(FF AND GF) 12 TOTAL 200.84 CUM
FOR 4 FLAT OF FLAT G.
TYPE 2 (GF AND FF) 8 TOTAL 200.61 CUM
G.
TOTAL BRICKWORK TOTAL 401.45 CUM

9 PLASTER
FOR 1 BHK

DINING LOBBY
SHORT WALLS 2 2.91 3 17.45
LONG WALLS 2 3.05 3 18.29
KITCHEN 0.00
SHORT WALLS 2 0.91 3 5.49
2 1.81 3 10.85
LONG WALLS 2 2.44 3 14.63
0.00
BED ROOM 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.48 3 20.88
LONG WALL 2 3.66 3 21.95
DRAWING ROOM 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.05 3 18.29
LONG WALL 2 3.28 3 19.66
TOILET 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 1.37 3 8.23
LONG WALL 2 2.44 3 14.63
170.34

Page | 25
10 DEDUCT
DOOR 1 2 1.07 2.13 4.55
DOOR 2 2 0.91 2.13 3.90
DOOR3 2 0.76 2.13 3.25
WINDOW 1 2 1.52 1.22 3.72
WINDOW 2 2 0.91 1.22 2.23
TOTAL 17.65 SQM
G.TOTAL 152.69 SQM
FOR 2BHK

DINING LOBBY
SHORT WALLS 2 2.63 3 15.77
LONG WALLS 2 3.05 3 18.29
KITCHEN 0.00
SHORT WALLS 2 1.83 3 10.97
LONG WALLS 2 2.44 3 14.63
BED ROOM 1 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.05 3 18.29
LONG WALL 2 3.05 3 18.29
BED ROOM 2 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 3.66 3 21.95
LONG WALL 2 3.20 3 19.20
DRAWING ROOM 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 2.97 3 17.83
LONG WALL 2 4.42 3 26.52
TOILET 1 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 1.83 3 10.97
LONG WALL 2 1.83 3 10.97
TOILET2 0.00
SHORT WALL 2 1.37 3 8.23

Page | 26
 LONG WALL 2 2.59 3 15.54
TOTAL 227.46
12 DEDUCT
DOOR 1 3 1.07 2.13 6.83
DOOR 2 4 0.91 2.13 7.80
DOOR3 1 0.76 2.13 1.63
WINDOW 1 2 1.52 1.22 3.72
WINDOW 2 2 0.91 1.22 2.23
TOTAL 22.20 SQM
G.TOTAL 205.25 SQM
FOR 6FLATS OF FLAT
TYPE 1 (GF AND FF) 12 1832.25
FOR 6FLATS OF FLAT
TYPE 2 (GF AND FF) 8 1642.03

G.TOTAL
TOTAL PLASTER FOR GF 3474.28 SQM

Page | 27
 CHAPTER 4
MARKET SURVEY

Page | 28
BASIC MATERIAL RATE
MATERIAL QUANITY RATE
CEMENT 1 bag 350
BRICK 1 4
SAND 1 cu ft 25
FINE AGG. 1 cu ft 30
COARSE AGG. 1 cu ft 45
TIMBER 1ft 300/month
SHUTTERING 1 sq ft 25
MASON 1 day 500
HEAD MASON 1 day 600
MAZDOOR 1 day 300
STEEL 1 quantal 6000

Page | 29
 CHAPTER-5
RATE ANALYSIS

Page | 30
EARTH WORK IN EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION

Unit:- 1 Cubic – Meter

Material at sight at nil.

Taking 100 m3 of work.

Particulars Quantity or Rate Unit Cost in

Number
(Rs.) (Rs.)

MATERIAL Nil --------------- ---------------- ---------------

LABOUR

Head Mason ½ nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.300.00

Majdoor 20 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.6000.00

(Beldar)

Boy cooling 24 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.7200.00

Sundries T Lump 500.00 -------------- Rs.500.00

&P
Sump

Rs.14000.00

Total cost of Material and labour Rs.14000.00

Adding 10% Contractor Profit Rs.1400.00

Total cost of item Rs.15,400.00

Rate per m3 of work Rs.1540.00

Say Per meter cube of Work = Rs.1540.00

Page | 31
Plane Cement Concrete In Foundation Having A Ratio Of 1:5:10

Unit:- 1 Cubic Meter

Taking 10 m3work.

Taking allowances for dry/loose volume of cement concrete = 52%

Dry loose volume of cement concrete = 10 x 1.52

= 15.2

Cement = 1/(1+5+10) x 15.2 =0.95 m3

Fine sand = 5/16 x 15.2 = 4.75 m3

coarse Aggregate = 10/16 x 1 = 9.2 m3

Particulars Quantity or Rate Unit Cost in

Numbers
(Rs.) (Rs.)

MATERIAL

Cement (28.5) 0.95 m 350.00 Per Bag Rs.10,150.00

Bags

Sand Coarse 4.75 m 2000.00 Per Cum Rs.9,500.00

Stone Ballast 9.5 m 1800.00 Per Cum Rs.17,100.00

(40mm gauge)

Total Rs.36,750.00

LABOUR

Page | 32
Head Mason ½ nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.300.00

Mason 10 nos. 500.00 Per Day Rs.5000.00

Majdoor 12 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.3600.00

(Beldar)

Boy Cooling 18 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.5400.00

Bhishti 4 nos. 250.00 Per Day Rs.1000.00

SundriesT& P Lump 500 ------------ Rs.500.00

Sump

Total Rs.15,800

Total Cost Of Material And Labour Rs.52,550.00

Adding 1.5% For Water Charge Rs.788.12

Adding 10% Contractor Profit Rs.52,255

Total Cost Of Item Rs.10,5593.12

Rate Per m2 Of Work Rs.10,559.31

Say Per Meter Cube Of Work = 10559.31

Page | 33
R.C.C WORK IN BEAM, SLAB, COLUMN AND BEAM (1:2:3)

Unit: 1 m3

Taking m10 m3 of work

Taking allowances for dry / loose volume as 52%

Dry/loose volume of concrete = 10 x 1.52

= 15.2 m3

Therefore,

Cement =(15.2 x 1+2+4) x1 = 2.53 m3 or 75 Bags

Sand (Coarse) = (15.5 x 1+2+4) x 1 = 5.06 m3

Stone Ballast = (15.2 x 1+2+4) x 4 = 7. m3

Particulars Quantity or Rate (Rs.) Unit Cost in (Rs.)

Number

MATERIAL

Cement 75 Bags 2.53 m3 350.00 Per Bag Rs.26,250.00

Fine Sand 5.06 m3 2000.00 Per m3 Rs.10,133.33

Stone Ballast 20mm 8.8 m3 1800.00 Per m3 Rs.15,840.00

Total Rs.52,223.00

LABOUR

Head Mason 1/2 nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.300.00

Mason 3 nos. 500.00 Per Day Rs.1500.00

Page | 34
Majdoor (Beldar) 12 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.3600.00

Boy Coolie 20 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.6,000.00

Bhishti 6 nos. 250.00 Per Day Rs.1500.00

Sundries T & P Lump Sump 500.00 ---------- Rs.500.00

--

Total Rs.13,400

CENTRING AND SHURTTERING AND FORM WORK

Timber Planks And Lump Sump 3000.00 ---------- Rs.3,000.00

Ballies ---

Carpenter 10 nos. 500.00 Per Day Rs.5000.00

Majdoor (Beldar) 10 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.3000.00

Nails Lump Sump 390.00 ---------- Rs.390.00

---

Tools And Plants Lump Sump 500.00 ---------- Rs.500.00

--

Total Rs.11,890.00

Total Cost of Material and Labour Rs.77,513

Adding 1.5% For Water Charges Rs.1,162.69

Adding 10% Contractor Profit Rs.7,751.30

Total Cost of Item Rs.86,426.99

Rate Per m3 of Work Rs.8,642.69

Say Per Meter Cube of Work = Rs. 8642.69

Page | 35
HYDS FOR REINFORCEMENT (Fe 415)

Unit: 1 m3

Taking 10 m3 of work

Providing M.S. bars @ 1%

Volume of mild steel bars = (1/100) x 10

=0.1 m3 = 0.1 x 78.5 = 7.85 Quintal

Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Unit Cost In (Rs.)

MATERIAL

Steel 7.85 Quintal 6000.00 Per Rs.47,100.00

Quintal

Binding Wire 2 Kg 70.00 Per Kg Rs.140.00

Total Rs.47,240.00

Bending, Cracking And Bending Steel Bars In Position.

Black Smith 8 nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.4800.00

Majdoor (Beldar) 8 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.2,400.00

Sundries T & P Lump Sump 500.00 ---------- Rs.500.00

Total Rs.50,900.00

Total Cost Of Material And Labour Rs.98,140.00

Adding 10% Contractor Profit Rs.9,814.00

Total Cost Of Item Rs.1,7954.00

Rate Per M3 Of Work Rs.10,795.40

Say Per Meter Cube Of Work = 10,740.00

Page | 36
FIRST CLASS BRICK WORK IN 1:6 CEMENT , SAND MORTAR IN SUPER
STRUCTURE

Unit :1 m3

Taking 10m3 of work

Consider 20 cm thick, 20 meter long and 5 meter high brick work,

Volume of wall = 20 x 5 0.20

= 20.00 m3

Actual volume of wall = 20 x 5 x 0.19

= 19.00 m3

No. of standard bricks = (19/0.20 x 0.10 x 0.10)

= 9500

For on e m3 no. of bricks = 9500/20

= 47 nos.

Taking 10% extra for breakage etc

Therefore no. of bricks require 10 m3 of work = (475 x 1.05) x 10

=4987.5 or

Approximately ( 5000) nos.

For 10 m3 the practical propose dry mortar is taken as 3.5 m3

Therefore,

Cement = (1/7) x 3.5 = 0.5 m3

= 0.5/0.034 = 15 Bags

Sand = (6/ 1+6) x 3.5 = 3 m3

Page | 37
Particulars Quantity or Rate (Rs.) Unit Cost In (Rs.)
Number

MATERIAL

Brick 1st Class 5000.00 nos. 7500.00 Per 1000 37,500.00

Cement (15) Bags 0.5 m3 350.00 Per Bag Rs.5,250.00

Fine Sand 3 m3 2000.00 Per kg Rs.6,000.00

Total Rs.48,750.00

LABOUR

Head Mason ½ nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.300.00

Mason 10 nos. 500.00 Per Day Rs.5,000.00

Majdoor (Beldar) 7 nos. 350.00 Per Day Rs.1,750.00

Boy Coolie 14 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.4,200.00

Bhishti 2 nos. 250.00 Per Day Rs.500.00

Sundries T & P Lump Sump 500.00 ----------- Rs.500.00

Scaffolding Lump Sump 500.00 ---------- Rs.500.00

Total Rs.12,750.00

Total cost of material and labour Rs.61,500.00

Adding 1.5% for water charges Rs.922.5

Adding 10% contractor profit Rs.6,150.00

Total cost of item Rs.81,322.50

Rate per m3 of work Rs.8,132.25

Say Per meter cube of work = Rs. 8,132.25

Page | 38
PLASTRING WITH 1:3 CEMENT, SAND MORTAR

Unit:1 m2

Taking 100 m2 of work (Plaster)

Thickness of plaster = 12 mm

Volume of cement mortar = 100 x 0.012 = 1.2 m3

Adding 20% of extra mortar for unevenness of surface

Net volume required = 1.2 x 1.2 = 1.44 m3

Taking allowances for dry/loose volume of mortar as 25%

So, dry/loose volume = 1.44 x 1.25 = 1.8 m3

Therefore,

Cement = 1/4 x 1.8 = 0.45 m3 or 14 bags

Sand = 3/4 x 1.8 = 1.35 m3

Page | 39
Particulars Quantity or Rate (Rs.) Unit Cost In (Rs.)
Number

MATERIAL

Cement (14) Bags 0.45 m3 350.00 Per Bag Rs. 4,900

Fine Sand 1.35 m3 2000.00 Per m3 Rs.2,700.00

Total Rs.7,600.00

LABOUR

Head Mason 1/2 nos. 600.00 Per Day Rs.300.00

Mason 10 nos. 500.00 Per Day Rs.5,000.00

Majdoor (Beldar) 15 nos. 300.00 Per Day Rs.4,500.00

Bhishti (Including Curing) 4 nos. 250.00 Per Day Rs.1000.00

Scaffolding Lump Sump 500.00 -------------- Rs.500.00

Sundries T & P Lump Sump 500.00 --------------- Rs.500.00

Total Rs.11,800.00

Total Cost Of Material And Labour Rs.19,400.00

Adding 1.5% For Water Charges Rs.291.00

Adding 10% Contractor Profit Rs.1,940.00

Total Cost Of Item Rs.21,631.00

Rate Per m3 Work Rs.2,163.10

Say Per Meter Cube Of Work = Rs.2,163.10 ``

Page | 40
 CHAPTER6

ABSTRACT OF

COST

Page | 41
Page | 42
 ABSTRACT OF
COST

S. DETAIL OF QUANTIT RATE

No. ITEM Y UNIT RS. PER AMOUNT

Earthwork in
excavation in
1 foundation 1428.51 cum 95 cum 135708.45
2 PCC WORK 119.05 cum 550 cum 65477.5
3 RCC WORK 497.78 cum 550 cum 273779
STEEL 34098.92 kg 60 kg 2045935.2
4 BRICK WORK 401.25 cum 5655 cum 2269068.75
5 PLASTERING 33474.28 sqmt 170 sqmt 5690627.6
6 FLOORING 298.41 sqm 619 sqmt 184715.79
7 PAINTING 33474.28 sqm 30 sqmt 1004228.4
TOT
AL 11669540.69

Add 8% for
water
suppiy and
sanitary 9335
WRKS 63.3
Add 8%
for
Electrificati 9365
on Works 63.3
TOTAL 1870

Page | 43
 127

Add 3% for
contingenci 3500
es 86.2
add 3% for
work
establishme 3500
nt 86.2

GRAND 1423
TOTAL 9840

RESUL: THE MAIN COST OF THE

BUILDINGIS IS = 14239840

Page | 44
CHAPTER-7
CONCLUSION

Page | 45
 CONCLUSION

In this project, a design Multistory building for residential purpose is presented.

We have successfully completed the detailed estimation and rate analysis and costing
on going (G+6) residential apartment

The main key features of project are as follows:

 Plot size = 39.624 X 30.28
 Total construction area = 65% of plot size.
 Total no. of one type of flats = 6
 Total no. of other type of flats = 4

Page | 46
CHAPTER-8
REFERENCE

Page | 47
 REFERENCES
 Drawing: Plan, Section, Elevation
 A.K. Jain
 D.D. Kohli
 Rangwala
 V.N. Vazirani
 S.P. Chandola
 A.K. Upadhyay
 Site Visit C
 Help guides
 M.S. Excel
 M.S. Word
 Help site engineer (ER. Sunit Sharma)

Help our subject teacher (Er. Mohammad Farhan)

Page | 48
CHAPTER-9
DRAWING

Page | 49