43

2.1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS - II

L T P
3 - 2
RATIONALE

Language is the most commonly used and effective medium of self-expression in all spheres of
human life – personal, social and professional. A student must have a fair knowledge of English
language and be able to pursue the present course of study and handle the future jobs in industry.
The objective of this course is to assist the diploma holders to acquire proficiency, both in spoken
(oral) and written language. At the end of the course, the student will be able to develop
comprehension, improve vocabulary, develop grammatical ability, enhance writing skills,
correspond with others, enhance skills in spoken English.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Prose Text Book (12 hrs)

The following six chapters of A Book of English for Polytechnics – Prose Selection,
Published by MacMillan India Ltd., on behalf of Technical Teachers’ Training Institute,
Chandigarh

a) Uncle Podger Hangs a Picture

b) Subash Chandra Bose
c) A Pair of Mustachios
d) Guru Gobind Singh
e) With The Photographer
f) Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose

There will be one general question from one of these six chapters.

2. Precise writing (selected from the prescribed 6 chapters of Prose Text Book)
(4 hrs)

3. Grammar (2 hrs)
Antonyms change of words into different parts of speech

4. Correspondence (10 hrs)

a) Business letters such as:

Registration as supplier
Floating quotations and tenders
Quarry for product specification, price and other details etc from a
firm/Company
Covering letter for quoting prices against a quotation/tender
Placing supply order
 44

b) Personal letters such as:

Application for leave and extension of leave

Application for seeking a job/employment
Conveying congratulation messages to a relative/friend/colleague on different
occasions
Conveying condolence message to a relative/friend/colleague
Request letter to guardian for sending money for excursion/study tour
Letter to your brother/sister/friend describing your first day experience in the
polytechnic

c) Official letters such as:

Letter to editor for placing an advertisement in the newspaper for

purchase/selling of goods
Letter to Municipal Commissioner for improving water supply/ sanitation
system in your locality
Letter to General Manager, Telephone Department for restoring a dead
telephone/shifting a telephone
Letter to State Electricity Board for repair of street lighting/ correction of bills
etc.
Letter to the supplier for rectifying or replacing a defective machinery/item of
purchase
Letter to Registrar, State Board of Technical Education for allowing to improve
grades/marks in diploma examination

5. Report Writing (2 hrs)

Drafting a technical report of a visit to a factory, construction site, modern office, etc.
Report writing on current general themes/topics related to economy, industry, social
issues
Elements of periodical progress report

6. Inspection Note (2 hrs)

Write an inspection note after inspecting technical/industrial goods

Write an inspection note after visiting a construction site or production shop

7. Writing “Preface” and “acknowledgement” of a project report (2 hrs)

8. A paragraph on current topics/themes (2 hrs)

Technology
Science
Economy
Politics
Social
General
 45

9. Vocabulary (2 hrs)
words, idioms, phrases, antonyms and synonyms
Translation of 100 most popular administrative terms from English to Hindi and
from Hindi to English

10. Drafting (4 hrs)

Press notes
Memos/circulars
Notices (lost and found: obituary/auction, etc)
Telegrams
Press releases
Agenda and minutes of the meeting
Personal resume/curriculum vitae

11. Communication Techniques (6 hrs)

Importance of communication
Types of communication – verbal and non-verbal
One way and two way communication
Process of communication – horizontal, vertical, upward, downward
Essentials of good communication
Level of communication – inter and intra personal, group to person, group to group
Methods of effective oral, written and non-verbal communication, Horizons – tone,
frequency, rate, volume, depth
Barrier to communication and over coming barriers
Listening skill
Use of audio visual aids for effective communication

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Presentation of Technical Report, using Audio-visual aids

2. Preparation and Presentation on a Seminar of a given topic/theme using power-point

3. Telephonic conversation – Conveying and Receiving

4. Mock Exercises for an interview for a job/employment

5. Listening comprehension from a radio/cassette talk in English

6. Extempore speech

7. Oral presentation with stress on proper body language, voice modulation

 46

Note: For reading comprehension, listening comprehension and effective speaking skills, English
Language Laboratory Manual and Workbook published by State Board of Technical
Education, Hyderabad (AP) may be used along with text book

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Essentials of Business Communication by Pal and Rorualling; Sultan Chand and Sons

2. The Essence of Effective Communication, Ludlow and Panthon; Prentice Hall of India

3. New Design English Grammar, Reading and Writing Skills by AL Kohli (Course A and
course B), Kohli Publishers, 34 Industrial Area Phase-II, Chandigarh,

4. New Design English Reading and Advanced Writing Skills for Class XI and XII by MK Kohli
and AL Kohli; Kohli Publishers, 34 Industrial Area Phase-II, Chandigarh,

5. A Practical English Grammar by Thomson and Marlinet

6. Spoken English by V Sasikumar and PV Dhamija; Tata McGraw Hill

7. English Conversation Practice by Grount Taylor; Tata McGraw Hill

8. Developing Communication Skills by Krishna Mohan and Meera Banerji; MacMillan India
Ltd., Delhi

9. Business Correspondence and Report Writing by RC Sharma and Krishna Mohan; Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi

10. Communication Skills by Ms. R Datta Roy and KK Dhir, Vishal Publication, Jalandhar
 47

2.2 APPLIED MATHEMATICS – II

L T P
4 1 -
RATIONALE

Applied Mathematics forms the backbone of engineering discipline. Basic elements of differential
calculus, integral calculus, differential equations and coordinate geometry have been included in
the curriculum as foundation course and to provide base for continuing education to the students

DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Co-ordinate Geometry (18 hrs)

1.1 Area of a triangle, centroid and incentre of a triangle (given the vertices of a
triangle), Simple problems on locus

1.2 Equation of straight line in various standard forms (without proof) with their
transformation from one form to another, Angle between two lines and
perpendicular distance formula (without proof)

1.3 Circle: General equation and its characteristics given:

The center and radius
Three points on it
The co-ordinates of the end’s of the diameter

1.4 Conics (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola), standard equation of conics (without
proof), given the equation of conic to calculate foci, directrix, eccentricity, latus
rectum, vertices and axis related to different conics Differential Calculus

2. Differential Calculus (22 hrs)

2.1 Concept of function, four standard limits

Lt (xn – an) / (x – a), Lt Sin x/x, Lt (ax –1)/x Lt (1+x)1/x

x→a x→ x→0 x→0

2.2 Concepts of differentiation and its physical interpretation

Differentiation by first principle of xn, (ax + b)n, Sin x, cos x, tan x, sec x,, cosec x
and cot x, ex, ax, log x. Differentiation of a function of a function and explicit and
implicit functions

Differentiation of sum, product and quotient of different functions

Logarithmic differentiation. Successive differentiation excluding nth order
 48

2.3 Application of derivatives for (a) rate measure (b) errors (c) real root by Newton’s
method (d) equation of tangent and normal (c) finding the maxima and minima of a
function (simple engineering problems)

3. Integral Calculus (16 hrs)

3.1 Integration as inverse operation of differentiation

3.2 Simple integration by substitution, by parts and by partial fractions

3.3 Evaluation of definite integrals (simple problems) by explaining the general

properties of definite integrals

3.4 Applications of integration for

Simple problem on evaluation of area under a curve where limits are
prescribed
Calculation of volume of a solid formed by revolution of an area about axis
(simple problems) where limits are prescribed
To calculate average and root mean square value of a function
Area by Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson’s Rule

4. Differential Equations (8 hrs)

Solution of first order and first degree differential equation by

Variable separation
Homogeneous differential equation and reducible homogeneous differential
equations
Linear differential equations and reducible linear differential equations

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by BS Grewal, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

2. Engineering Mathematics by BS Grewal, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. Engineering Mathematics vol. II by S Kohli and Others, IPH, Jalandhar
4. Engineering Mathematics by Ishan Publication
5. Applied Mathematics Vol. II by SS Sabharwal and Others; Eagle Parkashan, Jalandhar
6. Engineering Mathematics by IB Prasad
7. Applied Mathematics Vol. II by Dr RD Sharma
8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by AB Mathur and VP Jagi; Khanna Publishers, Delhi
11. Engineering Mathematics by C Dass Chawla; Asian Publishers, New Delhi
 49

2.3 APPLIED PHYSICS – II

L T P
3 - 2
RATIONALE

Applied physics includes the study of a large number of diverse topics related to things that go in
the world around us. It aims to give an understanding of this world both by observation and
prediction of the way in which objects behave. Concrete use of physical principles and analysis in
various fields of engineering and technology are given prominence in the course content.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Applications of sound waves (6 hrs)

1.1 Acoustics of buildings – reverberation, reverberation time, echo, noise, coefficient

of absorption of sound, methods to control reverberation time

1.2 Ultrasonics – production (magnetostriction and peizo-electric) and their

engineering applications

2. Principle of optics (9 hrs)

2.1 Introduction: reflection of light, image formation in mirrors (convex and concave),
refraction and refractive index, image formation in lenses, lens formulae (thin lens
only), power of lens, total internal reflection

2.2 Defects in image formation by lenses and their correction

2.3 Simple and compound microscope, astronomical and Galileo telescope,

magnifying power and its calculation (in each case)

2.4 Overhead projector and slide projector

3. Electrostatics (9 hrs)

3.1 Coulombs law, unit charge

3.2 Gauss’s Law

3.3 Electric field intensity and electric potential

3.4 Electric field of point charge, charged sphere (conducting and non-conducting),
straight charged conductor, plane charged sheet

3.5 Capacitance, types of capacitors, capacitance of parallel plate capacitor, series

and parallel combination of capacitors
 50

3.6 Dielectric and its effect on capacitors, dielectric constant and dielectric break down

4. Electricity (6 hrs)

4.1 Ohm’s law

4.2 Resistance of a conductor, specific resistance, series and parallel combination of

resistors, effect of temperature on resistance

4.3 Kirchhoff’s laws, wheatstone bridge principle and its applications

4.4 Heating effect of current and concept of electric power

5. Semi conductor physics (9 hrs)

5.1 Energy bands, intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors, p-n junction diode and its
characteristics

5.2 Diode as rectifier – half wave and full wave rectifier, semi conductor transistor pnp and
npn (concept only)

6. Modern Physics (9 hrs)

6.1 Lasers: concept of energy levels, ionization and excitation potentials;

spontaneous and stimulated emission; lasers and its characteristics, population
inversion, types of lasers, helium – neon and ruby lasers and applications

6.2 Fibre optics: Introduction, optical fiber materials, types, light propagation and
applications

6.3 Super conductivity: Phenomenon of super conductivity, effect of magnetic field,

critical field, type I and type II super conductors and their applications)

6.4 Energy sources – conventional and non-conventional (wind, water, solar, bio,
nuclear energy), only elementary idea

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To verify Ohm’s law

2. To verify law of resistances in series and in parallel

3. To determine the magnifying power of a compound microscope

4. To determine the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope

 51

5. To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter of a given range

6. To convert a galvanometer into a voltmeter of a given range

7. To find the wavelength of a He-Ne laser

8. To find the frequency of a tuning fork by a sonometer

9. To study characteristics of a pn junction diode

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Applied Physics Vol. II, TTTI Publication Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi

2. Basic Applied Physics by RK Gaur; Dhanpat Rai Publications

3. Comprehensive Practical Physics - Volume I and II by JN Jaiswal; Laxmi Publishers

4. Numerical Problems in Physics - Volume I and II by RS Bharaj; Tata McGraw Hill

5. Simple Course in Electricity and Magnetism by CL Arora; S Chand and Co, New Delhi

6. Fundamental Physics - Volume I and II by Gomber and Gogia; Pardeep Publications,

Jalandhar

7. A Text Book of Optics by Subramanian and Brij Lal

8. Physics Laboratory Manual by PK Palanisamy, Scitech Publications

9. Fundamentals of Physics by Resnick and Halliday, Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

10. Concepts in Physics by HC Verma; Bharti Bhawan Ltd., New Delhi

 52

2.4 APPLIED CHEMISTRY-II

L T P
2 - 2
RATIONALE

The role of Chemistry and chemical products in every branch of engineering is expanding greatly.
Now a days various products of chemical industries are playing important role in the field of
engineering with increasing number of such products each successive years. The strength of
materials, the chemical composition of substances, their behaviour when subjected to different
treatment and environment, and the laws of heat and dynamic energy have entered in almost every
activity of modern life. Chemistry is considered as one of the core subjects for diploma students in
engineering and technology for developing in them scientific temper appreciation of chemical
properties of materials, which they have to handle in their professional career. Effort should be
made to teach this subject through demonstration and with the active involvement of students.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Metallurgy (8 hrs)

1.1 A brief introduction of the terms: Metallurgy (types), mineral, ore, gangue or matrix,
flux, slag, concentration (methods of concentrating the ores), roasting calcination and
refining as applied in relation to various metallurgical operations

1.2 Metallurgy of (i) Aluminium (ii) Iron with their physical and chemical properties

1.3 Definition of an alloy, purposes of alloying, composition, properties and uses of alloys-
brass, bronze, monel metal, magnalium, duralumin, alnico and invar

2. Fuels (10 hrs)

2.1 Definition of a ‘Fuel’, characteristics of a good fuel and classification of fuels with
suitable examples

2.2 Definition of Calorific value of a fuel and determination of calorific value of a liquid fuel
with the help of Bomb calorimeter. Simple numerical problems based upon Bomb-
calorimeter method of finding the Calorific values

2.3 Brief description of ‘Proximate’ and ‘Ultimate’ analysis of a fuel. Importance of

conducting the proximate and ultimate analysis of a fuel

2.4 Qualities of a good fuel and merits of gaseous fuels over those of other varieties of
fuels

2.5 Manufacture, composition, properties and uses of (i) Water gas (ii) Oil gas (iii) Biogas
3 Corrosion (3 hrs)
 53

3.1 Meaning of the term ‘corrosion’ and its definition

3.2 Theories of corrosion i.e. (i) direct chemical action theory and (ii) electro chemical
theory

3.3 Prevention of corrosion by

1. (a) Alloying
(b) Providing metallic coatings
2. Cathodic protections:
(a) Sacrificial
(b) Impressed voltage method

4 Lubricants (4 hrs)

4.1 Definition of (i) lubricant (ii) lubrication

4.2 Classification of lubricants

4.3 Principles of lubrication

(i) fluid film lubrication
(ii) boundary lubrication
(iii) extreme pressure lubrication

4.4 Characteristics of a lubricant such as viscosity, viscosity index, volatility

oiliness, acidity, emulsification, flash point and fire point and pour point.

5 Cement and Glass (2 hrs)

5.1 Manufacture of Portland Cement

5.2 Manufacture of ordinary glass and lead glass

6. Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds (5 hrs)

Classification of Organic Compounds, functional group, Homologous Series,

Nomenclature, Physical and Chemical properties, and industrial use of Organic
Compounds, IUPAC system of nomenclature of Carboxylic acid, Alcohols, Phenols,
Aldehydes, Ketones and Amines.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Gravimetric analysis and study of apparatus used there in

2. To determine the percentage composition of a mixture consisting of a volatile and a non-

volatile substances
 54

3. Determine the viscosity of a given oil with the help of “Redwood viscometer”

4. Determine the flash point of the given oil with the help of Abel’s Flash Point Apparatus

5. Estimate the amount of moisture in the given sample of coal

6. Estimate the amount of ash in the given sample of coal

7. Electroplate the given strip of Cu with Ni

8. Confirmation test of alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid, amine

9. Determination of copper in the given brass solution, or sample of blue vitriol volumetrically

10. Detection of metal iorn in the rust (solution of rust in concentrated HCL may be given).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Chemistry in Engineering by J.C. Kuriacose and J. Rajaram; Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company Limited, New Delhi
2. Engineering Chemistry by Dr. S. Rabindra and Prof. B.K. Mishra ; Kumar and Kumar
Publishers (P) Ltd. Bangalore-40
3. “A Text Book of Applied Chemistry-I” by SS Kumar; Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi
4. “A Text Book of Applied Chemistry-I” by Sharma and Others; Technical Bureau of India,
Jalandhar
5. Engineering Chemistry by Jain PC and Jain M
6. Chemistry of Engineering by Aggarwal CV
7. Chemistry for Environmental Engineers by Swayer and McCarty, McGraw Hill, Delhi
8. Progressive Applied Chemistry –I and II by Dr. G.H. Hugar; Eagle Prakashan, Jalandhar
 55

2.5 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

(Common with Instrumentation and Control, Computer Engg and ECE)

L T P
3 – 2
RATIONALE

This course will enable the students to understand the basic concepts and principles of d.c and
a.c fundamental, a.c circuits, batteries, electromagnetic induction etc. including constant voltage
and current sources. A diploma holder may be involved in various jobs ranging from preventive
maintenance of electrical installation to fault location etc. In addition, he may be working in testing
laboratories where he uses measuring instruments. To carry out these and similar jobs effectively,
knowledge of basic concepts, principles and their applications is very essential.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. DC Circuits (5 hrs)

1.1 Concept of electricity, various applications of electricity, advantages of electricity

over other types of energy.
1.2 basic terms – voltage, current, potential difference, power, energy and their units.
1.3 Ohm’s law and its practical applications, concepts of resistance, conductance,
resistivity and their units,
1.4 Effect of temperature on resistance, temperature coefficient of resistance
1.5 Series and parallel combination of resistors, wattage consideration, simple problems
1.6 Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law and their applications to simple
circuits. Conversion of circuits from Star to Delta and Delta to Star.

2. DC Circuit Theorems (4 hrs)

Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, super position theorem, maximum power transfer
theorem, application of network theorem in solving d.c circuit problems.

3. Constant Voltage and Constant Current Sources (3 hrs)

a) Concept of constant voltage source, symbol and graphical representation

characteristics of ideal and practical sources.

b) Concept of constant current sources, symbol, characteristics and graphical

representation of ideal and practical current sources.

4. Electro Magnetic Induction (8 hrs)

a) Concepts of magnetic field produced by flow of current, Magnetic circuit, concept

of magneto-motive force (MMF), flux, reluctance, permeability, analogy between
electric and magnetic circuit.
 56

b) Faraday’s law and rules of electro-magnetic induction, principles of self and

mutual induction, self and mutually induced e.m.f, simple numerical problems.

c) Concept of current growth, decay and time constant in an inductive (RL) circuit.

d) Energy stored in an inductor, series and parallel combination of inductors.

5. Batteries (4 hrs)

5.1 Basic idea about primary and secondary cells

5.2 Construction, working and applications of Lead-Acid battery and Nickel-

Cadmium cells, Silver-Oxide cells

5.3 Charging methods used for lead-acid battery( accumulator )

5.4 Care and maintenance of lead-acid battery

5.5 Series and parallel connections of batteries.

5.6 General idea of solar cells, solar panels and their applications

6. AC Fundamentals (12 hrs)

6.1 Concept of alternating voltage and current

6.2 Difference between a.c and d.c

6.3 Concept of cycle, frequency, time period, amplitude, instantaneous value, average
value, r.m.s. value, maximum value, form factor and peak factor.

6.4 Representation of sinusoidal quantities by phasor diagrams.

6.5 Equation of sinusoidal wave form (with derivation)

6.6 Effect of alternating voltage applied to a pure resistance, pure inductance and
pure capacitance.

7. AC Circuits (10 hrs)

7.1 Inductive reactance and Capacitive reactance

7.2 Alternating voltage applied to resistance and inductance in series.
7.3 Alternating voltage applied to resistance and capacitance in series.

7.4 Impedance triangle and phase angle

 57

7.5 Solutions and phasor diagrams for simple RLC circuits (series and parallel).

7.6 Introduction to series and parallel resonance and its conditions

7.7 Power in pure resistance, inductance and capacitance, power in combined RLC
circuits. Power factor, active and reactive power and their significance, importance
of power factor.

7.8 j-notation and its application in solving a series and parallel AC circuits

7.9 Definition of conductance, susceptance and admittance

8.. Various Types of Power Plants (2 hrs)

Brief explanation of principle of power generation in thermal, hydro and nuclear power
stations and their comparative study.

Elementary block diagram of above mentioned power stations

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Familiarization of measuring instruments viz voltmeter, ammeter, CRO, Wattmeter and

multi-meter and other accessories

2. Determination of voltage-current relationship in a dc circuit under specific physical

conditions and to draw conclusions.

3. To measure (very low) resistance of an ammeter and (very high) resistance of a voltmeter

4. To verify in d.c circuits:

a.. Thevenin’s theorem,

b. Norton’s theorem,
c. Super position theorem,
d. Maximum power transfer theorem,

5. To observe change in resistance of a bulb in hot and cold conditions, using voltmeter and
ammeter.

6. Verification of Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Laws in a dc circuit

7. To find the ratio of inductance of a coil having air-core and iron-core respectively and to
observe the effect of introduction of a magnetic core on coil inductance
8. To find the voltage current relationship in a single phase R-L and R-C Series circuits, draw
their impedance triangles and determine the power factor in each case .

9. To test a lead - acid storage battery and to charge it.

 58

10. Measurement of power and power factor in a single phase R.L.C. circuit and to
calculate active and reactive power.

11. Visit to a nearby Power Station(s).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Electrical Technology, Fifth Edition by Edward Hughes, Longman Publishers

2. Electrical Technology by BL Theraja, S Chand and Co, New Delhi
3. Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering by SK Sahdev; Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New
Delhi
4. Experiments in Basic Electrical Engineering by SK Bhattacharya, KM Rastogi; New Age
International (P) Ltd.; Publishers New Delhi

5. Basic Electricity by BR Sharma; Satya Prakashan; New Delhi

6. Principles of Electrical Engineering by BR Gupta, S Chand and Co, New Delhi
7. Basic Electrical Engineering by PS Dhogal, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
8. Basic Electrical Engineering by JB Gupta; SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi
9. Experiments in Basic Electrical Engineering by GP Chhalhotra, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi
 59

2.6 ANALOG ELECTRONICS – I

(Common with Instrumentation and Control and ECE)
L T P
4 – 2
RATIONALE

This subject gives the knowledge of fundamental concepts of basic electronics and aims at
providing the students with basic understanding of conductors, semiconductors and insulators,
extrinsic and intrinsic semi-conductors, p-n junction, need of rectifiers in electronics, understanding
of filters in rectifiers, tunnel diodes, LEDs, varactor diodes, LCD; understanding the working of
transistors in various configurations; understanding of FETs and MOSFET etc. for effective
functioning in the field of electronic service industry. The teacher should give emphasis on
understanding of concepts and explanation of various term used in the subject. Practical exercises
will reinforce various concepts. Industrial/field exposure must be given by organizing visit

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Semi conductor physics: (12 hrs)

Review of basic atomic structure and energy levels, concept of insulators, conductors and
semi conductors, atomic structure of Ge and Si,

covalent bonds
Concept of intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductor, P and N impurities, doping of impurity.

P and N type semiconductors and their conductivity. Effect of temperature on conductivity

of intrinsic semi conductor.

Energy level diagram of conductors, insulators and semi conductors; minority and majority
carriers.

2. Semi conductor diode: (12 hrs)

PN junction diode, mechanism of current flow in PN junction, Drift and diffusion current,
depletion layer, forward and reverse biased PN junction, potential barrier, concept of
junction capacitance in froward and reverse bias condition.

V-I characteristics, static and dynamic resistance and their calculation from diode
characteristics.

Diode as half wave, full wave and bridge rectifier. PIV, rectification efficiencies and ripple
factor calculations, shunt capacitor filter, series inductor filter, LC filter and  filter.

Types of diodes, characteristics and applications of Zenor diodes. Zenor and avalanche
breakdown.
 60

3. Introduction to Bipolar transistor: (12 hrs)

Concept of bipolar transistor, structure, PNP and NPN transistor, their symbols and
mechanism of current flow; Current relations in transistor; concept of leakage current;

CB, CE, CC configuration of the transistor; Input and output characteristics in CB and CE
configurations; input and output dynamic resistance in CB and CE configurations; Current
amplification factors. Comparison of CB CE and CC Configurations;

Transistors as an amplifier in CE Configurations; d.c load line and calculation of current

gain, voltage gain using d.c load line.

4. Transistor Biasing Circuits: (6 hrs)

Concept of transistor biasing and selection of operating point. Need for stabilization of
operating point. Different types of biasing circuits.

5. Single Stage Transistor Amplifier: (10 hrs)

Single stage transistor amplifier circuit, a.c load line and its use in calculation of currents
and voltage gain of a single stage amplifier circuit. Explanation of phase reversal of output
voltage with respect to input voltage. H- parameters and their significance. Calculation of
current gain, voltage gain, input impedance and output impedance using h-parameter.

6. Field Effect Transistors( FETs) (12 hrs)

Construction, operation and characteristics of FET and its application.

- Construction, operation and characteristics of MOSFET in depletion and

enhancement modes and its applications.

- C MOS- advantages and applications

- Comparison of JFET, MOSFET and BJT.
- FET amplifier circuit and its working principle. (No analysis).

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Familiarization with operation of following instruments.

2. Multi-meter, CRO, Signal generator, Regulated Power Supply by taking readings of relevant
quantities with their help.

3. Plot V-I characteristics for PN junction diode

4. Plot V-I characteristics of Zenor diode
 61

5. Observe the wave shape of following rectifier circuit

a. Half wave rectifier
b. Full wave rectifier
c. Bridge rectifier
6. Plot the wave shape of full wave rectifier with
a. Shunt capacitor filter
b. Series inductor filter
c.  filter
7. Plot input and output characteristics and calculate parameters of transistors in CE
configuration.

8. Plot input and output characteristics and calculate of parameters of transistors in CB

configuration.

9. Plot V-I characteristics of FET amplifier.

10. Measure the Q-Point and note the variation of Q-Point.

a. By increasing the base resistance in fixed bias circuit.
b. By changing out of bias resistance in potential divider circuit.
11. Measure the Voltage Gain, input, output impedance in single state CE amplifier circuit.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuit by NN Bhargava and Kulshreshta, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Co, New Delhi.

2. Principles of Electrical and Electronics Engineering by VK Mehta; S Chand and Co., New
Delhi

3. Electronic Components and Materials by SM Dhir, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co, New Delhi

4. Electronics Devices and Circuits by Millman and Halkias; McGraw Hill.

5. Principles of Electronics by Albert Paul Malvino; Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co, New Delhi.
 62

2.7 PROGRAMMING IN ‘C’

(Common with Computer Engineering)
L T P
2 - 4
RATIONALE

Computers play a vital role in present day life, more so, in the professional life of technician
engineers. People working in field/ computer industry use computers in solving problems more
easily and effectively. In order to enable the students use the computers effectively in problem
solving, this course offers the modern programming language C along with exposition to various
applications of computers. The knowledge of C language will be reinforced by the practical
exercises.
Note:
The subject is totally practical based. Students should be given clear idea about the basic concepts of
programming. In practical session student should be asked to write algorithm and then write program for the
algorithm and run on computer. It is required that students should maintain records (files with printouts).

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Algorithm and Programming Development (4 Hrs)

1.1 Steps in development of a program

1.2 Flow charts, Algorithm development
1.3 Program Debugging

2. Program Structure (4 Hrs)

2.1 I/o statements, assign statements

2.2 Constants, variables and data types
2.3 Operators and Expressions
2.4 Standards and Formatted

3. Control Structures (8 Hrs)

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Decision making with IF – statement
3.3 IF – Else and Nested IF
3.4 While and do-while, for loop
3.5 Break and switch statements

4. Functions (4 Hrs)

4.1 Introduction to functions

4.2 Global and Local Variables
4.3 Function Declaration
 63

4.4 Standard functions

4.5 Parameters and Parameter Passing
4.6 Call – by value/reference

5. Arrays ( 4 Hrs)

5.1 Introduction to Arrays

5.2 Array Declaration
5.3 Single and Multidimensional Array
5.4 Arrays of characters

6. Pointers (4 Hrs)

6.1 Introduction to Pointers

6.2 Address operator and pointers
6.3 Declaring and Initializing pointers
6.4 Assignment through pointers
6.5 Pointers and Arrays

7. Structures and Unions (4 Hrs)

7.1 Declaration of structures

7.2 Accessing structure members
7.3 Structure Initialization
7.4 Arrays of structure
7.5 Unions

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Programming exercises on executing and editing a C program.

2. Programming exercises on defining variables and assigning values to variables.

3. Programming exercises on arithmetic and relational operators.

4. Programming exercises on arithmetic expressions and their evaluation

5. Programming exercises on formatting input/output using printf and scarf.

6. Programming exercises using if statement.

7. Programming exercises using if – Else.

8. Programming exercises on switch statement.

9. Programming exercises on do – while statements.

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10. Programming exercises on for – statement.

11. Programs on one-dimensional array.

12. Programs on two-dimensional array.

13. (i) Programs for putting two strings together.

(ii) Programs for comparing two strings.

14. Simple programs using structures.

15. Simple programs using pointers.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Programming in C by Schaum Series, McGraw Hills Publishers.

2. Thinking in C by P.B. Mahapatra – Wheeler Publication

3. Exploring C by Yashwant Kanetkar – BPB Publications

4. Programming in C by Stefin G. Coachin

5. Programming in C by R Subburaj, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Jangpura, New Delhi

6. Programming with C Language by C Balaguruswami, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

7. Elements of C by M.H. Lewin,

8. Programming in C by Stephen G Kochan, TMH/Prentice Hall of India

9. Programming in C by BP Mahapatra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

10. Let Us C by Yashwant Kanetkar, BPB Publication, New Delhi

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ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS CAMP

A diploma holder must have knowledge of different types of pollution caused due to industries and
constructional activities so that he may help in balancing the eco-system and controlling pollution
by pollution control measures. He should also be aware of environmental laws related to the
control of pollution.

An awareness camp is to be organized at a stretch for 3 to 4 days during the first year. Lectures
will be delivered on following broad topics. There will be no examination for this subject.

1. Basics of ecology, eco system and sustainable development

2. Conservation of land and its reforms, preservation of species, prevention of advancement

of deserts and lowering of water table

3. Sources of pollution – natural and man made, their effects on living and non-living
organisms

4. Pollution of water – causes, effects of domestic wastes and industrial effluent on living and
non-living organisms

5. Pollution of air-causes and effects on man, animal, vegetation and non-living organisms

6. Sources of noise pollution and its effects on human beings

7. Solid waste management; classification of refuse material, types, sources and properties
of solid wastes, abatement methods

8. Mining, blasting, deforestation and their effects

9. Legislation to control environment pollution

10. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Elements for preparing EIA statements

11. Current issues in environmental pollution and its control

12. Role of non-conventional sources of energy in environmental protection