Industrial Revolution Latest
Industrial Revolution Latest
Definition:
According to historians, the transition towards the industries, new manufacturing
processes was termed as “Industrial Revolution”2.
1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution,1st Passage.
2 Gulzar A, Impact of Industrial Revolution on Management Thought, Volume 2, Issue 1 April, 2015
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innovations which, by substituting machines for human skill and inanimate power for
human and animal force, brought about a shift from handicraft to manufacture and by so
doing, gave birth to a modern economy. The industrial revolution was not only technical;
it was also social and political. Prest (1975) contended that the industrial revolution is
not sudden, but rather in its widest context originally developed from the Neolithic
revolution and the changes have affected the whole world and created an
unprecedented change in the numbers and in the environment of human race. The
industrial revolution in Europe was the transitory phase from the manufacturing or
putting-out system to the factory system. The economic system formed historically on
the basis of hand-operated technology was inherited from the feudal economy and
originally established itself in the putting out system.3
Products of Industrial Revolution:
Important products of the industrial revolution of Britain were coal, iron, cotton,
steam, suphuric acid, jigs and tools, while in Germany the important products were
textiles, cotton and linen3
3
Stephenson O, Unyimadu, Management & Industrial Revolution in Europe, United States of America & Japan,
Engineering Management International, 5 (1989) 209-218
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Figure 1: Stages from Adam's Theory to Management Theories
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in the new industries of 18th century. With the lapse of time, the span of management
advanced. The principles of scientific management and the style of bureaucracy added
significant contributions towards the management thought processes and worker’s
productivity during industrial revolution.3
1- Division of work
2- Authority
3- Discipline
4- Unity of Command
5- Unity of Direction
6- Subordination of individual interests to general interests
7- Remuneration
8- Centralization
9- Scalar Chain
10- Order
11- Equity
12- Stability of tenure of personnel
13- Initiative
14- Esprit de corps
4
Daniel A. Wren & Co., The Evolution of Management Thought (Sixth Addition)
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Figure 3: Industrial Revolution Map
Industrial revolution was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, human labor to
machines there by contributing in changing thought process of management systems.
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