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Boiler Heat Balance Sample Calculation Power Plant Design

The document outlines the heat balance of a boiler. It calculates the: 1) Energy absorbed by the boiler fluid (Q1 = 10,175 kJ/kg). 2) Energy lost due to dry flue gases (Q2 = 9,222 kJ/kg). 3) Remaining energy is lost to evaporation/superheating of moisture (Q3/Q4), superheating combustion air (Q5), unburned combustibles (Q7/Q8), and radiation (Q8), totaling to 29,644 kJ/kg which balances the boiler heat.

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1K views

Boiler Heat Balance Sample Calculation Power Plant Design

The document outlines the heat balance of a boiler. It calculates the: 1) Energy absorbed by the boiler fluid (Q1 = 10,175 kJ/kg). 2) Energy lost due to dry flue gases (Q2 = 9,222 kJ/kg). 3) Remaining energy is lost to evaporation/superheating of moisture (Q3/Q4), superheating combustion air (Q5), unburned combustibles (Q7/Q8), and radiation (Q8), totaling to 29,644 kJ/kg which balances the boiler heat.

Uploaded by

Jk Pascii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BOILER HEAT BALANCE

A. Energy absorbed by the Boiler Fluid (Q1 )


(𝑊𝑠 )(ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓𝑤 )
𝑄1 =
𝑚𝑓
Where: h1 =3848.12 kJ/kg
hfw =1363.87 kJ/kg
Ws = TSR = 92.02 kg/s
Mf = Wfuel =22.466 kg/s
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
92.02( ⁄𝑠)( 3848.12 − 1363.87) ⁄𝑘𝑔
𝑄1 =
𝑘𝑔
22.466 ⁄𝑠
𝒌𝑱⁄
𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟕𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 𝒔
B. Energy Loss due to Dry Flue Gases (Q2)
𝑄2 = 𝑊𝐷𝐹𝐺 × 𝑐𝑝𝐷𝐹𝐺 × (𝑇𝑔 − 𝑇𝑎 )
Where: cpDFG =2.0935 kJ/kg – K (Potter , P. 199)
tgas = tsat @P1 + 39 °C = (311 + 39) + 273 =623 K
tair = 40°C +273 = 313K

 Flue Gas Analysis :


CO2 =0.1864 N2 = 0.794 O2 = 0.0191
 Ultimate Analysis :
C = 0.3736 A= 0.1043 S = 0.0022 M= 0.3693
𝐶 0.3736
𝐶𝑅 = 1 − 1−𝑀−𝐴
= 1− 1−0.3693−0.1043
=0.2903

𝐴 0.1043
WR = weight of refuse = 1−𝐶 = 1−0.2903 = 0.147
𝑅
CU = Unburned Carbon = WR – A = 0.147 – 0.1043 = 0.0427
Cab = Carbon Actually burned = C – Cu = 0.3736 – 0.0427 = 0.3309
CO = 0

11 𝐶𝑂2 +8 𝑂2 +7𝑁2 3𝑆 5𝑆
WDFG = + [𝐶𝑎𝑏 + ] +
3 ( 𝐶𝑂2 ) 8 8
11 (0.1864)+8( 0.0191)+7(0.794) 3(0.0022) 5(0.0022)
WDFG = 3 ( 0.1864 )
+ [0.3309 + 8
]+ 8
𝑘𝑔𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠
WDFG = 14.21 𝑘𝑔𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

𝑘𝑔𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑘𝐽


𝑄2 = 14.21 × 2.0935 × ( 623 − 313)𝐾
𝑘𝑔𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝒌𝑱
Q2 = 𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟖𝟓
𝒌𝒈

HEAT DESCRIPTION EQUATION Q (kJ/kg ) % % BASIS


C. Heat required for evaporating and superheating the mechanical or free moisture of fuel (Q3)
Q3 = M (2493 + 1.926Tg – 4.87Tair)
Q3 = (0.3693) [2493 + (1.926) (623 oK) – (4.87) (313oK)]
Q3 = 800.86 kJ/kg

D. Heat required for evaporating and superheating the water vapor formed by the burning of H2
content in the fuel (Q4)
Q4 = 9H2 (2493 + 1.926Tg – 4.187Tair) H2 = 0.043611
Q4 = (9) (0.0281) [2493 + (1.926) (623) – (4.187) (313)]
Q4 = 602.5 kJ/kg

E. Heat required for superheating the water vapor brought into the furnace by combustion air
(Q5)
Q5 = (Wair) (Humidity Ratio) (Cp water vapor) (Tg - Ta)

Wt = 6.962 kg of air/kg of fuel


Cp = 1.8673 kJ/kg-oK
Wair = (1 + e) Wt = (1 + 0.1475) (6.962) = 7.99
Humidity Ratio = 0.0285 from psychometric chart
Q5 = (7.99) (0.0285) (1.867.3 kJ/kg-oK) (623 -313) oK
Q5 = 131.815 kJ/kg

F. Energy Loss Due to Incomplete Combustion (Q6)

Q6 = 0 because CO = 0
G. Energy Loss Due to Unburned Combustible in the Furnace (Q7)
Q7 = 33,820 Cu
Q7 = (33,820) (0.0427)

Q7 = 1444.114kJ/kg
H. Energy Loss Due to Radiation and Unburned Combustible in the Furnace (Q8)

Q8 = HHVfuel - ∑Q1-Q7

Q8 = [(29644.38) – (10175.41 + 9222.076+800.86 + 602.5 + 131.815 + 0 + 1444.114)]kJ/kg

Q8 = 7267.605 kJ/kg
Q1 Energy absorbed by Q1 =
𝑾𝒔 (𝒉𝟏 −𝒉𝒇 ) 10,175.41 10,175.41 34.32
the boiler fluid 𝒉𝒇
29,644.38
Q2 Energy loss due to dry Q2 = WDFG x CpDFG x (Tg – Ta) 9222.076 9222.076 31.11
flue gas 29,644.38
Heat required for
evaporating and
Q3 superheating the Q3 = M(2493+2.0935Tg- 800.86 1800.86 2.7
mechanical or free 4.187Tair) 29,644.38
moisture of fuel
Heat required for
evaporating and
Q4 superheating the Q4 = 9H2[2493+1.926Tg- 602.5 602.5 2.03
water vapor formed 4.187Tair] 29,644.38
by the Burning H2
content in the fuel
Heat required for
Q5 super heating the Q5 = Wt x HR x cpwv x ( tg – 131.815 131.815 0.44
water vapor brought tair ) 29,644.38
into the furnace by
combustion of air
Q6 Energy loss due to Q6 = 25516 [ CO/CO2 + CO] 0 0 0
Incomplete 29,644.38
Combustion
Energy loss due to
Q7 unburned combustible Q7 = 33820 Cu 1444.114 1444.114 4.87
in the furnace 29,644.38

Energy loss due to


Q8 radiation and Q8 = HHV - ∑Qi 7267.605 7267.605 24.52
unburned combustible 29,644.38
in the furnace
Total: 29,644.38 99.99%
BOILER HEAT BALANCE SUMMARY

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