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Delocalization Pi Electrons Conjugation Organic Semiconductors HOMO and Lumo Valence Conduction

Organic molecules can be electrically conductive due to delocalization of pi electrons through conjugation over part or all of the molecule, giving them a range of conductivity from insulators to conductors and making them organic semiconductors. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of organic semiconductors are analogous to the valence and conduction bands in inorganic semiconductors. Originally, organic light-emitting diodes consisted of a single organic layer but multilayer designs were developed to improve efficiency by incorporating layers to aid charge injection and blocking at electrodes. Modern OLEDs commonly use a bilayer structure of a conductive and emissive layer but graded heterojunction architectures can further improve quantum efficiency over 19% by continuously

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86 views

Delocalization Pi Electrons Conjugation Organic Semiconductors HOMO and Lumo Valence Conduction

Organic molecules can be electrically conductive due to delocalization of pi electrons through conjugation over part or all of the molecule, giving them a range of conductivity from insulators to conductors and making them organic semiconductors. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of organic semiconductors are analogous to the valence and conduction bands in inorganic semiconductors. Originally, organic light-emitting diodes consisted of a single organic layer but multilayer designs were developed to improve efficiency by incorporating layers to aid charge injection and blocking at electrodes. Modern OLEDs commonly use a bilayer structure of a conductive and emissive layer but graded heterojunction architectures can further improve quantum efficiency over 19% by continuously

Uploaded by

Arun Kumar Dhupam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The organic molecules are electrically conductive as a result of delocalization of pi

electrons caused by conjugation over part or all of the molecule. These materials have
conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, and are therefore considered organic
semiconductors. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and
LUMO) of organic semiconductors are analogous to the valence and conduction bands of
inorganic semiconductors.

Originally, the most basic polymer OLEDs consisted of a single organic layer. One example was
the first light-emitting device synthesised by J. H. Burroughes et al., which involved a single
layer of poly(p-phenylene vinylene). However multilayer OLEDs can be fabricated with two or
more layers in order to improve device efficiency. As well as conductive properties, different
materials may be chosen to aid charge injection at electrodes by providing a more gradual
electronic profile, or block a charge from reaching the opposite electrode and being
wasted. Many modern OLEDs incorporate a simple bilayer structure, consisting of a conductive
layer and an emissive layer. More recent developments in OLED architecture improves quantum
efficiency (up to 19%) by using a graded heterojunction. In the graded heterojunction
architecture, the composition of hole and electron-transport materials varies continuously within
the emissive layer with a dopant emitter. The graded heterojunction architecture combines the
benefits of both conventional architectures by improving charge injection while simultaneously
balancing charge transport within the emissive region.

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