SET-4

Series GBM H$moS> Z§.

Code No. 55(B)
amob Z§. narjmWu H$moS >H$mo CÎma-nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð
Roll No. >na Adí` {bIo§ &
Candidates must write the Code on the
title page of the answer-book.

 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _o§ _w{ÐV n¥ð> 15 h¢ &

 àíZ-nÌ _| Xm{hZo hmW H$s Amoa {XE JE H$moS >Zå~a H$mo N>mÌ CÎma -nwpñVH$m Ho$ _wI-n¥ð> na
{bI| &
 H¥$n`m Om±M H$a b| {H$ Bg àíZ-nÌ _| >26 àíZ h¢ &
 H¥$n`m àíZ H$m CÎma {bIZm ewê$ H$aZo go nhbo, àíZ H$m H«$_m§H$ Adí` {bI| &
 Bg àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE 15 {_ZQ >H$m g_` {X`m J`m h¡ & àíZ-nÌ H$m {dVaU nydm©•
_| 10.15 ~Oo {H$`m OmEJm & 10.15 ~Oo go 10.30 ~Oo VH$ N>mÌ Ho$db àíZ-nÌ H$mo n‹T>|Jo
Am¡a Bg Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ do CÎma-nwpñVH$m na H$moB© CÎma Zht {bI|Jo &
 Please check that this question paper contains 15 printed pages.
 Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
 Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.
 Please write down the Serial Number of the question before
attempting it.
 15 minute time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question
paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the
students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on
the answer-book during this period.

^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ (g¡ÕmpÝVH$)

(Ho$db ZoÌhrZ narjm{W©`m| Ho$ {bE)
PHYSICS (Theory)
(FOR BLIND CANDIDATES ONLY)
{ZYm©[aV g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 70
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

55(B) 1 P.T.O.
gm_mÝ` {ZX}e :
(i) g^r àíZ A{Zdm`© h¢ & Bg àíZ-nÌ _| Hw$b 26 àíZ h¢ &
(ii) Bg àíZ-nÌ Ho$ nm±M ^mJ h¢ : IÊS> A, IÊS> ~, IÊS> g, IÊS> X Am¡a IÊS> ` &

(iii) IÊS> A _| nm±M àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ H$m EH$ A§H$ h¡ & IÊS> ~ _| nm±M àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$
Xmo A§H$ h¢ & IÊS> g _| ~mah àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$ VrZ A§H$ h¢ & IÊS> X _| Mma A§H$
H$m EH$ _yë`mYm[aV àíZ h¡ Am¡a IÊS> ` _| VrZ àíZ h¢, àË`oH$ Ho$ nm±M A§H$ h¢ &
(iv) àíZ-nÌ _| g_J« na H$moB© {dH$ën Zht h¡ & VWm{n, Xmo A§H$m| dmbo EH$ àíZ _|, VrZ
A§H$m| dmbo EH$ àíZ _| Am¡a nm±M A§H$m| dmbo VrZm| àíZm| _| AmÝV[aH$ M`Z àXmZ
{H$`m J`m h¡ & Eogo àíZm| _| AmnH$mo {XE JE M`Z _| go Ho$db EH$ àíZ hr H$aZm h¡ &
(v) Ohm± Amdí`H$ hmo Amn {ZåZ{b{IV ^m¡{VH$ {Z`Vm§H$m| Ho$ _mZm| H$m Cn`moJ H$a gH$Vo
h¢ :
c = 3  108 m/s

h = 6.63  10 –34 Js

e = 1.6  10 –19 C
0 = 4  10 –7 T m A–1

0 = 8.854  10 –12 C2 N–1 m–2

1
= 9  109 N m2 C –2
4  0

me = 9.1  10 –31 kg

Ý`yQ´>m°Z H$m Ðì`_mZ = 1.675  10 –27 kg

àmoQ>m°Z H$m Ðì`_mZ = 1.673  10 –27 kg
AmdmoJmÐmo g§»`m = 6.023  1023 à{V J«m_ _mob
~moëQ²>µO_mZ {Z`Vm§H$ = 1.38  10 –23 JK–1

55(B) 2
General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
(ii) This question paper has five sections : Section A, Section B,
Section C, Section D and Section E.
(iii) Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one
value based question of four marks and Section E contains
three questions of five marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been
provided in one question of two marks, one question of three
marks and all the three questions of five marks weightage.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) You may use the following values of physical constants
wherever necessary :
c = 3  108 m/s

h = 6.63  10 –34 Js

e = 1.6  10 –19 C
0 = 4  10 –7 T m A–1

0 = 8.854  10 –12 C2 N–1 m–2

1
= 9  109 N m2 C –2
4  0

me = 9.1  10 –31 kg

Mass of neutron = 1.675  10 –27 kg

Mass of proton = 1.673  10 –27 kg

Avogadro’s number = 6.023  1023 per gram mole

Boltzmann constant = 1.38  10 –23 JK–1

55(B) 3 P.T.O.
 IÊS> A
SECTION A

1. O~ H$moB© dñVw {H$gr AdVb b|g Ho$ _w»` µ\$moH$g na aIr hmo, Vmo CgH$m
à{V{~å~ H$hm± ~ZoJm ? 1
Where is the image of an object held at the principal focus of a
concave lens formed ?

2. {H$gr {g½Zb Ho$ g§MmaU Ho$ {bE _m°Sw>bZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm Xem©Zo dmbo EH$ H$maH$
H$mo {b{IE & 1
Write one factor which justifies the need of modulation for
transmission of a signal.

3. `{X EH$ àmoQ>m°Z Am¡a EH$ Eoëµ\$m-H$U XmoZm| H$mo EH$ hr ËdaH$ {d^d (V) go Ëd[aV
{H$`m OmE, Vmo CZgo gå~Õ Xo ~«m°½br Va§JX¡¿`m] H$m AZwnmV Š`m hmoJm ? 1
What is the ratio of the de Broglie wavelengths associated with
a proton and an -particle when they are accelerated by the
same accelerating potential (V) ?

4. hmBS´>moOZ na_mUw H$s ñWm`r H$jmAm| H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~moa H$m
A{^J¥hrV {b{IE & 1
State Bohr’s postulate for defining stable orbits in a hydrogen
atom.

5. {~Zm {H$gr ~m`g Ho$ p-n g§{Y S>m`moS> _|, p-joÌ go {N>Ð (hmob) n-joÌ _|
{dg[aV Š`m| hmoVo h¢ ? 1
In an unbiased p-n junction diode, why do holes from p-region
diffuse to n-region ?

55(B) 4
 IÊS> ~
SECTION B

6. dm`w _| Xmo {~ÝXþ Amdoem|, q1 = 15  10 8 C VWm q2 =  3  10 8 C, Ho$

~rM H$s Xÿar H$m n¥WH$Z 60 cm h¡ & Amdoe q2 go XmoZm| Amdoem| Ho$ ~rM dh Xÿar
kmV H$s{OE {Og na {dÚwV² {d^d eyÝ` hmoJm & 2
Two point charges, q1 = 15  10 8 C and q2 =  3  10 8 C, are
separated by a distance of 60 cm in air. Find at what distance
from the charge q2 between the two charges, would the electric
potential be zero.

7. {H$gr MmbH$ _| ‘Andmh doJ’ nX H$s n[a^mfm Xr{OE & {H$gr YmVw H$s
à{VamoYH$Vm Vmn Ho$ ~‹T>Zo go Š`m| ~‹T>Vr h¡ ? ñnîQ> H$s{OE & 2
Define the term ‘drift velocity’ in a conductor. Why does
resistivity of a metal increase with temperature ? Explain.

8. EH$ Am`VmH$ma nme (byn) go EH$ pñWa Ymam I àdm{hV hmo ahr h¡ & Bg nme H$mo

EH$g_mZ Mwå~H$s` joÌ B _| aIm J`m h¡ & {gÕ H$s{OE {H$ nme na bJZo
  
dmbo ~b-AmKyU©   H$m _mZ   = m  B hmoVm h¡, Ohm± m nme H$m
Mwå~H$s` AmKyU© h¡ & 2
AWdm
Mb Hw$ÊS>br J¡ëdoZmo_rQ>a H$s H$m`©{d{Y H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 2
A rectangular loop carrying a steady current I is placed in a

uniform magnetic field B . Prove that the torque 
 acting on
  
the loop is given by 
 = m  B , where m is the magnetic
moment of the loop.

OR
Explain the working of a moving coil galvanometer.
55(B) 5 P.T.O.
9. g_ñWm{ZH$ VWm g_^m[aH$ Ho$ ~rM ^oX H$s{OE & àË`oH$ ñnrerµO H$m EH$
CXmhaU Xr{OE & 2

Distinguish between isotopes and isobars. Give one example

for each of the species.

10. nyU© AmÝV[aH$ namdV©Z H$s n[aKQ>Zm Ho$ {bE Amdí`H$ eV] {b{IE & AmÝV[aH$
namdV©Z H$s pñW{V _| _mÜ`_ Ho$ AndV©Zm§H$ Am¡a H«$mpÝVH$ (critical) AmnVZ
H$moU Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY {b{IE & 2
Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total
internal reflection to take place. Write the relation between
the critical angle of incidence and the refractive index of the
medium for internal reflection.

IÊS> g
SECTION C

11. {H$gr {~ÝXþ Amdoe Ho$ H$maU EH$ JmCgr` n¥îR> go JwµOaZo dmbm d¡ÚwV âbŠg
– 4  103 Nm2/C h¡ & `h JmCgr` n¥îR> JmobmH$ma h¡ {OgH$s {ÌÁ`m
10.0 cm h¡ Am¡a {~ÝXþ Amdoe BgHo$ Ho$ÝÐ na pñWV h¡ & (i) Bg {~ÝXþ Amdoe H$m
_mZ n[aH${bV H$s{OE & (ii) `{X JmCgr` n¥îR> H$s {ÌÁ`m H$mo XþJwZm H$a {X`m
OmE, Vmo Bg n¥îR> go {H$VZm âbŠg JwµOaoJm ? AnZo CÎma H$s nw{îQ> H$s{OE & 3

A point charge causes an electric flux of – 4  103 Nm2/C to

pass through a spherical Gaussian surface of 10.0 cm radius
centred on the charge. (i) Calculate the value of the point
charge. (ii) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled,
how much flux would pass through the surface ? Justify your
answer.
55(B) 6
12. Eopån`a H$m n[anWr` {Z`_ {b{IE & Bg {Z`_ Ho$ Cn`moJ go EH$ grYr AZÝV
bå~r {dÚwV² Ymamdmhr Vma go CËnÞ r Xÿar na Mwå~H$s` joÌ Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ àmßV
H$s{OE & 3
State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to obtain the
expression for the magnetic field due to a straight infinite
current carrying wire at a distance r from it.

13. (a) EŠg-{H$aU| H¡$go CËnÞ hmoVr h¢ ?

(b) {ZåZ{b{IV àË`oH$ H$m Amd¥{Îm n[aga Am¡a EH$ Cn`moJ {b{IE :
(i) gyú_Va§J|
(ii) AdaŠV {H$aU| 3
(a) How are X-rays produced ?
(b) Write one use and the frequency range of each of the
following :
(i) Microwaves
(ii) Infra-red rays

14. Q´>mpݵOñQ>a H$s C^`{ZîR> CËgO©H$ {dÝ`mg àdY©H$ Ho$ ê$n _| H$m`©H$mar {gÕmÝV
H$s ì`m»`m H$s{OE & {H$gr Q´>mpݵOñQ>a Ho$ Ymam àdY©Z JwUm§H$ nX H$s n[a^mfm
Xr{OE & 3
AWdm
nyU© Va§J {XîQ>H$mar Ho$ AY:ñW {gÕmÝV H$mo {b{IE & ñnîQ> H$s{OE {H$ `h H¡$go
H$m`© H$aVm h¡ & 3
Explain the working principle of a transistor amplifier in
common emitter configuration. Define the term current
amplification factor of a transistor.

OR

State the underlying principle of a full wave rectifier. Explain

how it works.
55(B) 7 P.T.O.
15. 500 pF Ym[aVm Ho$ g§Ym[aÌ H$mo 100 V H$s ~¡Q>ar go Amdo{eV {H$`m J`m h¡ &
(a) Bg g§Ym[aÌ _| g§{MV pñWa-d¡ÚwV D$Om© H$m n[aH$bZ H$s{OE & (b) `{X Bg
g§Ym[aÌ H$mo ~¡Q>ar go AbJ H$a {H$gr AÝ` AZmdo{eV 500 pF Ym[aVm Ho$
g§Ym[aÌ go Omo‹S> {X`m OmE, Vmo Bg {ZH$m` H$s g§{MV pñWa-d¡ÚwV D$Om© H$m
n[aH$bZ H$s{OE & 3
A 500 pF capacitor is charged by a 100 V battery. (a) Calculate
the electrostatic energy stored by it. (b) When the capacitor is
disconnected from the battery and connected to another
uncharged 500 pF capacitor, calculate the electrostatic energy
stored by the system.

16. AY«w{dV àH$me Am¡a g_Vb Y«w{dV àH$me _| ^oX H$s{OE & AY«w{dV àH$me Xmo
nmaXe©H$ _mÜ`_m| Ho$ ~rM H$s gr_m na Amn{VV h¡ & Cg eV© H$m CëboI H$s{OE
O~ namd{V©V Va§J nyU© ê$n go g_Vb Y«w{dV Va§J _| n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡ & Bg
àH$aU _| AmnVZ H$moU Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ {b{IE & 3
Distinguish between unpolarized light and plane polarized
light. An unpolarized light is incident on the boundary
between two transparent media. State the condition when the
reflected wave is totally plane polarized. Write the expression
for the angle of incidence in this case.

17. gab gyú_Xeu H$s VwbZm _| g§`wŠV gyú_Xeu H$mo A{YH$ AÀN>m Š`m| _mZm OmVm
h¡ ? {H$gr g§`wŠV gyú_Xeu Ho$ A{^Ñí`H$ Am¡a Zo{ÌH$m H$s \$moH$g Xÿ[a`m± H«$_e:
1·0 cm Am¡a 2·0 cm h¢ & O~ ApÝV_ à{V{~å~ AZÝV na ~ZVm h¡, Vmo BgH$s
AmdY©Z j_Vm 250 h¡ & Bg g§`wŠV gyú_Xeu H$s Z{bH$m H$s bå~mB© H$m
n[aH$bZ H$s{OE & 3
Why is a compound microscope preferred over a simple
microscope ? A compound microscope with an objective of focal
length 1·0 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 2·0 cm has the
magnifying power of 250, when the final image is formed at
infinity. Calculate the length of the tube of the compound
microscope.
55(B) 8
18. gmBŠbmoQ´>m°Z Ho$ H$m`© H$aZo Ho$ _yb (AY…ñW) {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI H$s{OE & ñnîQ>
H$s{OE {H$ BgH$m Cn`moJ Amdo{eV H$Um| H$mo Ëd[aV H$aZo _| H¡$go {H$`m OmVm h¡ &
BgH$m EH$ _hÎdnyU© Cn`moJ {b{IE & 3
State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Explain how it
works to accelerate the charged particles. Write its one
important use.

19. g§jon _| ì`m»`m H$s{OE {H$

(a) {H$gr p-n g§{Y S>m`moS> _| amo{YH$m {d^d H¡$go CËnÞ hmoVm h¡;
(b) õmgr joÌ H$s Mm¡‹S>mB© na Š`m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ O~ dh (i) AJ«{X{eH$
~m`{gV hmo, Am¡a (ii) níM{X{eH$ ~m`{gV hmo & 3

Explain briefly how

(a) a barrier potential is formed in a p-n junction diode;
(b) the width of the depletion region is affected when it is
(i) forward biased, and (ii) reverse biased.

20. EH$ {XE JE àH$me-gwJ«mhr n¥îR> H$m H$m`© \$bZ 2·5 eV h¡ & O~ Bg n¥îR> na
v Amd¥{Îm H$m àH$me n‹S>Vm h¡, Vmo 4·1 eV Ho$ _§XH$ {d^d H$mo AZwà`wŠV H$aHo$
CËg{O©V àH$me-BboŠQ´>m°Zm| H$mo nyU©V: amoH$ {b`m OmVm h¡ & Cg àH$me H$s
v Amd¥{Îm Ho$ _mZ H$m AmH$bZ H$s{OE & 3
The work function for a given photosensitive surface is 2·5 eV.
When a light of frequency v falls on this surface, the emitted
photoelectrons are completely stopped by applying a retarding
potential of 4·1 eV. Estimate the value of the frequency v of the
light.

55(B) 9 P.T.O.
21. Cƒm`r Q´>m§gµ\$m°_©a Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI H$s{OE & EH$ AmXe© Q´>m§gµ\$m°_©a Ho$ {bE
àmW{_H$ Am¡a {ÛVr`H$ Hw$ÊS>{b`m| _| \o$am| H$s g§»`m Ho$ nXm| _| {ÛVr`H$ dmoëQ>Vm
Am¡a {ÛVr`H$ Ymam Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE & 3
State the principle of a step-up transformer. Deduce the
expressions for the secondary voltage and the secondary
current in terms of the number of primary and secondary
windings for an ideal transformer.

22. (a) Zm{^H$s` ~b Ho$ Xmo A{^bj{UH$ JwUY_© {b{IE &

(b) Zm{^H$s` {dIÊS>Z Am¡a Zm{^H$s` g§b`Z H$s à{H«$`mAm| _| D$Om© H$s
{d_w{ŠV H$s ì`m»`m H¡$go H$s OmVr h¡ ? 3
(a) Write two characteristic properties of nuclear force.
(b) How does one explain the release of energy in the
processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion ?

IÊS> X
SECTION D

23. AZwO H$mo bå~o AÝVamH$mb VH$ AnZo _mo~mBb µ\$moZ na ~mV H$aZo H$s AmXV
Wr & EH$ {XZ, O~ dh ñHy$b Zht J`m, Vmo CgZo AnZo {_Ì go ñHy$b go {_bo
J¥hH$m`© (homework) H$mo _mo~mBb na nyN>m & {\$a dh CZ àíZmo§ H$mo H¡$go hb
{H$`m OmE, CZHo$ ~mao _| nyN>Zo bJm & CgH$s ~hZ, amYm, Cgo H$mµ\$s g_` VH$
_mo~mBb na ~mV H$aVo XoIVr ahr & AÝV _| amYm H$mo H$hZm n‹S>m {H$ `{X Cgo
BVZo bå~o g_` ~mV H$aZr hmo, Vmo AÀN>m ahoJm AJa dh b¢S>bmBZ (^y{_JV)
µ\$moZ H$m à`moJ H$ao & CgZo g_Pm`m {H$ BVZo bå~o g_` VH$ _mo~mBb µ\$moZ H$m
à`moJ hm{ZH$maH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡ & AZwO H$mo `h ~mV g_P _| Am JB© Am¡a CgZo
AnZr ~hZ H$s grI (gbmh) H$mo _mZ {b`m &
Cn`w©º$ AZwÀN>oX na AmYm[aV {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE : 4
(a) {H$Z _yë`m| H$mo, AmnHo$ AZwgma, amYm Ûmam àX{e©V {H$`m J`m ?

55(B) 10
 (b) {H$g àH$ma _mo~mBb µ\$moZ H$m bå~o g_` VH$ à`moJ hm{ZH$maH$ hmo gH$Vm
h¡ ?
(c) EH$ E|Q>oZm, Omo 320 m H$s D±$MmB© H$m h¡, go ào{fV {dÚwV²-Mwå~H$s` Va§Jm|
H$s Xÿar (namg) H$m n[aH$bZ H$s{OE & [n¥Ïdr H$s {ÌÁ`m = 64  105 m]

Anuj had the habit of talking on his mobile phone for a long
span of time. One day, when he was absent from the school, he
called his friend and asked about the homework. He then
asked how to solve these problems. His sister, Radha, kept on
watching him talking on the mobile. Finally she suggested, if
he had to talk for such a long time, he better use landline
phone. She explained how a prolonged exposure and use of
mobile phone over a long time could be harmful. Anuj got
convinced and accepted his sister’s advice.

Based on the above paragraph, answer the following questions :

(a) What, according to you, are the values displayed by

Radha ?

(b) In what way could using mobile phone for a long time be
harmful ?
(c) Find out the range up to which the electromagnetic
waves can be transmitted from an antenna of height
320 m. [Radius of the Earth = 64  105 m]

55(B) 11 P.T.O.
 IÊS> `>
SECTION E

24. {H$gr àË`mdVu Ymam (a.c.) dmoëQ>Vm òmoV v = vm sin t H$mo ~mar-~mar go VrZ
n[anW Ad`dm| X, Y VWm Z Ho$ gmW g§`mo{OV H$aZo na `h àojU {H$`m OmVm h¡
{H$ Bg_| àdm{hV {dÚwV² Ymam (a) Ad`d X Ho$ {bE AZwà`wŠV dmoëQ>Vm H$s H$bm
_| h¡, (b) Ad`d Y Ho$ {bE AZwà`wŠV dmoëQ>Vm go H$bm _| /2 níM h¡, VWm
(c) Ad`d Z Ho$ {bE AZwà`wŠV dmoëQ>Vm go H$bm _| /2 AJ« h¡ & BZ VrZm|
n[anW Ad`dm| H$mo nhMm{ZE &
(i) n[anW H$s ZoQ> à{V~mYm, Am¡a (ii) n[anW _| àdm{hV Ymam Ho$ {bE ì`§OH$ Cg
pñW{V _| kmV H$s{OE O~{H$ g_mZ àË`mdVu Ymam (a.c.) òmoV H$mo Ad`dm| X,
Y VWm Z Ho$ loUr~Õ g§`moOZ Ho$ {gam| go Omo‹S>m J`m h¡ & 5
AWdm
(a) ñdàoaH$Ëd JwUm§H$ H$s n[a^mfm Xr{OE & BgH$m Eg.AmB©. (S.I.) _mÌH$
~VmBE &
(b) EH$ bå~r n[aZm{bH$m, {OgH$m AZwàñW-H$mQ >joÌ\$b A h¡, bå~mB© L h¡
VWm Hw$ÊS>br _| \o$am| H$s g§»`m n à{V BH$mB© bå~mB© h¡, Ho$ ñdàoaH$Ëd Ho$
{bE ì`§OH$ ì`wËnÞ H$s{OE &
(c) ^§da YmamAm| go Š`m VmËn`© h¡ ? BZHo$ Xmo AZwà`moJ {b{IE & 5

An ac source of voltage v = vm sin t is connected one-by-one,

to three circuit elements X, Y and Z. It is observed that the
current flowing through them, (a) is in phase with the applied
voltage for element X, (b) lags the applied voltage in phase by
/2 for element Y, and (c) leads the applied voltage in phase by
/2 for element Z. Identify the three circuit elements.

55(B) 12
 Find the expressions for (i) net impedance of the circuit, and
(ii) the current flowing through the circuit, when the same
ac source is connected across a series combination of the
elements X, Y and Z.

OR
(a) Define coefficient of self-inductance. Give its S.I. units.
(b) Derive an expression for self-inductance of a long
solenoid of cross-sectional area A, length L and n number
of turns per unit length.
(c) What are eddy currents ? Write their two applications.

25. Xmo gobm| Ho$ {dÚwV²-dmhH$ ~b (emf ) H$s VwbZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE à`wº$ `w{ŠV H$m
{gÕmÝV {b{IE & {d^d àdUVm H$s n[a^mfm Xr{OE Am¡a BgH$m Eg.AmB©.
(S.I.) _mÌH$ {b{IE & Bg àH$ma H$s `w{ŠV H$s gwJ«m{hVm _| d¥{Õ {H$g àH$ma H$s
Om gH$Vr h¡ ? `h {d{Y dmoëQ>_rQ>a Ûmam Xmo gobm| Ho$ {dÚwV²-dmhH$ ~b (emf )
H$s VwbZm H$aZo H$s {d{Y go {H$g àH$ma {^Þ h¡ ? ì`m»`m H$s{OE & 5
AWdm

(a) {H$aImo\$ {Z`_m| H$m ìhrQ>ñQ>moZ goVw _| Cn`moJ H$aHo$ Mma à{VamoYH$m| Ho$
_mZm| Ho$ nXm| _| J¡ëdoZmo_rQ>a H$s eyÝ` {djon (gÝVwbZ) pñW{V Ho$ {bE eV]
àmßV H$s{OE &

(b) ñnîQ> H$s{OE {H$ ìhrQ>ñQ>moZ goVw _| gÝVwbZ H$s eV© (pñW{V) H$mo _rQ>a
{~«O (meter bridge) _| EH$ AkmV à{VamoY Ho$ _mZ H$mo {ZYm©aU H$aZo
_| H¡$go à`wŠV {H$`m OmVm h¡ & {H$g n[apñW{V _| EH$ AkmV à{VamoY Ho$
_mZ H$mo {ZYm©aU H$aZo _| Ìw{Q> (error) Ý`yZV_ hmoVr h¡ ? 5

55(B) 13 P.T.O.
 State the principle of the device used for comparing the emfs of
two cells. Define the potential gradient and write its S.I. unit.
How can the sensitivity of such a device be increased ? In what
way is this method of comparing the emfs of two cells different
from the one using a voltmeter ? Explain.

OR

(a) Use Kirchhoff ’s rules to obtain the balance condition in

terms of the values of the four resistors in a Wheatstone
bridge so as to give null deflection in a galvanometer.
(b) Explain how the balance condition in a Wheatstone
bridge is used in a meter bridge to determine the
unknown resistance. Under what condition is the error in
determining the unknown resistance minimized ?

26. EH$dUu àH$me H$m H$moB© g_mÝVa nw§O {H$gr g§H$sU© {Par na A{^bå~dV
Amn{VV hmoVm h¡ VWm {Par go ~mha AmVo àH$me H$mo {H$gr naXo, {Ogo {Par Ho$
nrN>o {Par Ho$ Vb Ho$ g_mÝVa aIm J`m h¡, na àmßV {H$`m OmVm h¡ &
h_| naXo na {H$g àH$ma H$m n¡Q>Z© àmßV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H¡$go ? Bg n¡Q>Z© _| à_wI
C{ƒîR> H$s (a) H$moUr` Mm¡‹S>mB©, Am¡a (b) aoIr` Mm¡‹S>mB© _| V~ {H$g àH$ma Ho$
n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ O~ naXo H$mo ñd`§ Ho$ g_mÝVa, {Par Ho$ Vb go Xÿa bo Om`m OmVm
h¡ ?
Bg n¡Q>Z© VWm `§J Ho$ {Û {Par à`moJ _| ào{jV ì`{VH$aU n¡Q>Z© Ho$ ~rM Xmo AÝVa
{b{IE & 5
AWdm

(a) H$bm-g§~Õ òmoVm| go Š`m VmËn`© h¡ ? g§VV (à{Vnm{XV) ì`{VH$aU n¡Q>Z©

Ho$ àojU Ho$ {bE do Š`m| Amdí`H$ h¢ ?
55(B) 14
 (b) Xmo H$bm-g§~Õ òmoVm| S1 Am¡a S2 Ho$ {H$gr {~ÝXþ na {dñWmnZ H«$_e:
y1 = a cos t Am¡a y2 = a cos (t + )

h¢ & Xem©BE {H$ BZ Va§Jm| Ho$ AÜ`mamonU go CËnÞ n[aUm_r Vrd«Vm

I = 4a2 cos2 /2 hmoJr &

Bggo AXrßV Am¡a XrßV q\«$Om| Ho$ ~ZZo Ho$ {bE eV] {b{IE & 5
A parallel beam of monochromatic light falls normally on a
narrow slit and the light coming out of the slit is obtained on a
screen kept behind parallel to the plane of the slit.
What kind of pattern do we observe on the screen and how ?
How does the (a) angular width, and (b) linear width of the
principal maximum in this pattern change when the screen is
moved parallel to itself away from the slit plane ?
State two points of difference between this pattern and the
interference pattern observed in Young’s double slit
experiment.

OR

(a) What are coherent sources ? Why are they necessary for
observing a sustained interference pattern ?

(b) Show that the superposition of the waves originating

from two coherent sources S1 and S2 described by
y1 = a cos t and y2 = a cos (t + )

at a point produces a resultant intensity, I = 4a2 cos2 /2.

Hence, write the conditions for the appearance of dark
and bright fringes.

55(B) 15 P.T.O.