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Inverse Chill in Ductile Iron Castings

The document discusses inverse chill in ductile iron castings. Inverse chill occurs in the last area of the casting to solidify, such as the center of a thin section or isolated heavier section. It causes a dense concentration of carbides that are difficult to detect until machining. Steps to prevent inverse chill include raising the melting temperature, lowering carbon equivalent levels, increasing pouring temperature, and preventing moisture in molds. Inverse chill can cause excessive tool wear and potential failures during manufacturing or use if not addressed.

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1K views2 pages

Inverse Chill in Ductile Iron Castings

The document discusses inverse chill in ductile iron castings. Inverse chill occurs in the last area of the casting to solidify, such as the center of a thin section or isolated heavier section. It causes a dense concentration of carbides that are difficult to detect until machining. Steps to prevent inverse chill include raising the melting temperature, lowering carbon equivalent levels, increasing pouring temperature, and preventing moisture in molds. Inverse chill can cause excessive tool wear and potential failures during manufacturing or use if not addressed.

Uploaded by

demiancito06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Issued by tite JhcWIwn Socity i ~ r

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Issue #3, 1999


Inverse Chill in Ductile Iron Castings

Types of Chill: Sectioned Inverse Chill Castings


Chill structure or carbidic rateas in 41
castings can be classified as nonnd chill ox
inverse chill. With normal chill, the
carbide areas occur at cornem, along edgw,
may extend for mme distance in h m the
cast surface, or could be sprinkled
throughout the cross sectioa Normally, it
is the d t of solidification in the mold, at
a rate greater than can be t01mk.d hy the
total iron composition, chlu,
sometimes d l e d centerline carbides, is a
dense concentration of a carbidic
m i c x o ~ ~only , at the casting
mihedon, or at the center ~f an isolated
smtion of thin or light section castings. Etched Cross Section
(Some light section castings may
experience both types of chills.)
1
Skps to E h h m General Chill:
Raise the h l s i l i ~ ~l~vel.
n
Urn the wbon equivalent

dlowable lev& fbz different ssectjuns


are: 4.5 for I", 4.6 for ID", 4.7 for
114".
W e me dl carbide producing d o y Sectioned and Etched Wedge
levels are as low a pmficd (Crand V
mparticukly W).
JnCma56 c*g pouring tmpmm,
Add additional mold and late
Fe% bod&@^.
Increase ca&g d d v per mold d
irAmw3e mold wall thtcImw.
If t h e steps are not adquate - a high
t q - full putn&g heat
treabnmt may be the last ~ r t .
Inverse Chill: Don't store or hold molds in an
Typiod examples are shown in the enviroment that will = w e ex-
accompanying figures on Page I. Inverse water to condense in the mold cavity.
chill is nut detectable at casting shake-out
or by inspection ~~ testing. Can Inverse Chill Be Heat Treated
Howww, it is readily detected in the Away?
machine shop wben attempting to drill, tap Yes, but these carbides are extremely
and mill into the cross sectional stabIe, requiring o long a d slow cool, high
unmacbhble structure. In a f& cases, temperature annealing cycle.
the fractm face of the gate section may
indicate the presence of centerline Coa~qtleaceaifIC b Undetected:
carbides. The bigge&prohIem is mmhimbility.
If machin* excssive wear in
Causes of Iaverse CMI (IIC): wmbIies may be experienced by the
IC o c c m in the Ierat area of the casting end user,
to aolidjfr, This k the midline of a thin If all the d d m am concentrated at
section; or at the cmtm of an isolated the centerline, thb may not a f k ~ t
heavier section such as a boa. service life f i r the customer (failures
Carbide formem, even if present in generally originate at surfaces).
ma31 quantities, lose solubility during However, under h t h c t w e loading,
soIidi&ation and segregate to the last such an impact or low cycle, high s t m s
itontohm. metal fatigue, early &ce f d mm
Residual m-ium and cerium in posdde.
"over seated ironNsegregate to thermal Once the customer identifies IC, they
centas. ugualiy insist on 100% elimhtion.
* Dissahed hydrogen loses solubility and
~~bIastmtOwlidi@. Typical mimstructure in the inverse chill
IC is d e n associated with micro- area of the Etched Cross Seation sbom on
sbrhhge at an under-fed casting Page I.
centerline*

Preventing Inverse Chik


Considcx all the recommenddsteps for
e h h t i n g g e n d chill.
Avoid over treatment. Target W
magnaium and cerium levels at
<0.040% and <0,008%, w p d v e l y .
Add h o l d inoculation (in pouring cup
or j31 the mold).
Revent hydrogen pickup by assurhg all
rehtory vessels, metal launders, etc.,
are 1WO dried and cured (there should
be z m residual moisture).
Make sure inoculants and magnesium
alloys are kept dry.

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