MORAL VIRTUES

I NTEGRAL P ARTS OF P RUDENCE (K NOWING THE M EANS TO A TTAIN THE E ND )

1. Memory (Memoria): the Virtue by Which One Remembers the Right Things Pertaining to the Action
and its Circumstances
2. Understanding (Intellectus): the Ability to Grasp Practical Principles and the Nature of Various
Situations
3. Docility (Docilitas): Ability to Be Lead and Take Counsel from Others
4. Shrewdness (Solertia): Quickness in Arriving at the Means to the End
5. Reason (Ratio): Ability to Reason about Practical Matters; the Ability to Apply Universal Practical
Principles to Particular Situations
6. Foresight (Providentia): Ability to See Future Outcomes of Actions Based upon past Experience
7. Circumspection (Circumspectio): Virtue by Which One Keeps Track of One’s Circumstances
8. Caution (Cautio): Application of Knowledge of the past to Action in Order to Avoid Impediments and
Evils

P OTENTIAL P ARTS OF P RUDENCE

1. Good Counsel (Eubulia): the Habit of Taking Good Counsel

2. Synesis: the Ability to Know What to Do When the Common Law Applies
3. Gnome: the Ability to Know What to Do When the Common Law Does Not Apply

Vices Contrary to Prudence

1. Precipitation: the Vice in Which One Does Not Take Counsel (Results in Acting Too Quickly)
2. Inconsideration: the Vice in Which One Does Not Judge Which Means Is the Best among the Various
Means Arrived at During Counsel
3. Inconstancy: a Vice in Which One Does Not Command or Do the Action Which Has Been Counseled
and Judged as the Best
4. Negligence: Failure to Take Counsel or a Failure to Do What One Should When He Ought
5. Carnal Prudence: the Vice in Which One Applies One’s Reason to Arrive at Means to Attain Created
Goods Which Are Seen as One’s Final End
6. Craftiness (Astutia): Industry in Not Using the Right or True Means to an End
7. Guile (Dolus): the Habit of Deceit (Usually in Words)
8. Fraud (Fraus): the Habit of Deceit (Usually in Deeds)

J USTICE (R ENDER A NOTHER H IS D UE )

1. Commutative: Justice Between Individuals

2. Legal: Justice of the Individual to the Common Good
3. Distributive: Justice of Those in Charge of the Common Good to the Individual
4. Restitution: the Habit by Which One Pays Back What One Owes
5. Religion: the Virtue by Which We Render to God What Is Due to Him

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6. Devotion: the Habit by Which One Has a Prompt Will to Do Those Things Pertaining to the Service
of God
7. Adjuration: the Swearing or Taking of an Oath, Such as in a Court of Law
8. Piety: the Virtue by Which One Renders to One’s Parents Due Honor and Reverence
9. Patriotism: the Subvirtue to Piety in Which One Renders to One’s Country the Honor Due to it
10. Observances: Making Acts of Religion
11. Dulia: Giving Due Honor to One’s Superiors
12. Obedience: Promptness of Will to Do the Will of One’s Superior
13. Diligence: Fulfilling One’s Duty According to One’s State in Life
14. Gratitude or Thankfulness: Appreciation (Normally Expressed) to a Benefactor for Some Gift Given
15. Just Vindication: the Habit by Which One Puts an End to the Harm Caused by Others
16. Truthfulness (In English: Honesty): the Habit of Telling the Truth
17. Friendship or Affability: the Virtue by Which One Is Able to Be Befriended
18. Liberality: the Use of One’s Surplus Means to Aid the Poor
19. Epieikeia: the Virtue by Which One Knows the Mind of the Legislator

V ICES A GAINST J USTICE

1. Acceptation of Persons (Human Respect): Excessive Deference Paid to Someone

2. Murder: Unjust Killing of the Innocent
3. Mutilation: Physical Harm or Changes Made to One’s Body Aside from the Order of Nature
4. Theft: Occult Taking of That Which Belongs to Another
5. Robbery: Non-occult (Usually Violent) Taking of That Which Belongs to Another
6. Judgment: Judging Him over Whom One Does Not Have Authority or Contrary to the Truth
7. False Accusation: Accusing Somebody of Something That Is False
8. Perjury: Lying under Oath
9. Contumely: Attack on a Person’s Reputation (Usually Done in Their Presence – Normally it Is the
Saying of Something False to Destroy Someone’s Reputation)
10. Detraction: Saying Something True in Order to Destroy Someone’s Reputation
11. Murmuring: Occult Detraction in Order to Separate the Affections of One Person from Another
12. Derision: Laughing at Another in Order to Lower Him in the Estimation of Others
13. Malediction (Cursing): Calling down Condemnation on Something or Someone
14. Usury: the Taking of (Excessive) Interest on a Loan
15. Illicit Adjuration: Swearing an Oath Outside His Due Circumstances
16. Superstition: the Rendering of Some Honor or Some Practice to a Creature Which Is Due Only to
God
17. Idolatry: Worshiping Some Created Thing as God
18. Divination (And Witchcraft): the Use of the Demonic in Order to Achieve Something, Such as
Knowledge of the Future, Hidden Knowledge, to Gain Power over Something, Etc.
19. Tempting God
20. Sacrilege: Ill Use or Abuse of Something Sacred
21. Simony: the Purchasing or Selling of Something Sacred
22. Disobedience: a Lack of Promptness to Do the Will of One’s Superiors
23. Vengefulness: Inordinate Desire for Vindication (Inordinate Desire to Cause Harm to Another in
Order to Put an End to the Harm He Is Causing)

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24. Lying: Saying the False in Order to Deceive
25. Simulation, Sometimes Called Hypocrisy: Doing the False in Order to Deceive
26. Boasting: the Drawing of Attention to or the Exaggeration of One’s Perfections
27. Ingratitude: Lack of Appreciation for the Benefit Granted by a Benefactor
28. Irony: the Lowering of Oneself below One’s State Usually in Speech
29. Adulation: the Use of Speech Whereby One Flatters Another
30. Litigious: Excessive Desire or Practice of Taking Someone to Court
31. Avarice: Excessive Desire to Make and Hold onto Money or Wealth
32. Prodigality or Wastefulness: Lack of Sufficient Desire to Hold onto One’s Money or the Excessive
Use of Something Outside What Is Necessary

F ORTITUDE (T HE W ILLINGNESS TO E NGAGE THE A RDUOUS )

1. Magnaniminity: the Virtue by Which One Seeks Excellence in All Things but Especially Great Things
2. Magnificence: the Virtue by Which One Uses His Wealth to Do Great Things
3. Patience: the Ability to Suffer Evils Well or the Equanimity in the Face of Evils
4. Perseverance: the Virtue by Which One Persists in the Arduous Good until the End Is Achieved
5. Longanimity: Longness of Soul; the Ability to Await the Good
6. Mortification: the Willingness to Suffer

V ICE C ONTRA F ORTITUDE

1. Fear: the Vice in Which One Has an Unmoderated Passion Arising from the Perception of Future Evil
2. Fearlessness: Lack of Moderated Fear
3. Audacity: Excessive Aggressiveness Toward Imminent Danger Without Reasonable Fear
4. Presumption: Thinking One Can Attain Some End Which Is Beyond Him Without Aid, Usually from
God
5. Ambition: Striving for Honor above One’s Excellence
6. Inane Glory: Seeking Honor in Those Things Unworthy of Honor
7. Pusillanimity: Smallness of Soul; the Habit of Not Striving for Excellence
8. Parvificience or Stinginess: Unwillingness to Use One’s Wealth to Do Great Things
9. Mollities or Softness (Effeminacy): an Unwillingness to Put Aside Pleasure in Order to Engage the
Arduous
10. Pertinacity: Excessive Clinging to One’s Assertions or Intellectual Convictions

T EMPERANCE (T HE V IRTUE W HICH M ODERATES THE P LEASURES OF T OUCH )

1. Shame: Fear of Being Perceived as Lowly

2. Honestia: the Habit of Always Seeking to Do What Is Virtuous in Each Situation (May Also Be Called
Integrity)
3. Abstinence: Refraining from the Eating of Certain Kinds of Food
4. Fasting: Refraining from Eating Food in General
5. Sobriety: the Virtue by Which One Has Moderated Use of Alcohol

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6. Continence: the Virtue in the Will by Which One Remains Steadfast Despite the Tumult of the
Appetites
7. Chastity: the Virtue Which Moderates the Pleasures of Touch in Relation to Those Matters Pertaining
to the 6th Commandment
8. Virginity: the Habit of Mind or Soul Which Always Refrains from Taking Delight, Even Interiorly,
from Pleasures Associated with the 6th Commandment
9. Clemency or Meekness: Moderation of the Delight of Vindication (Of Anger)
10. Modesty Proper: the Virtue in Which One’s Externals Do Not Draw Others into Sins Against the 6th
and 9th Commandments
11. Humility: Willingness to Live in Accordance with the Truth; Refraint of the Irascible Appetite from
Striving for Excellence Beyond One’s State; Not Judging Oneself Greater than He Is
12. Eutrapelia: the Virtue of Right Recreation
13. Sportsmanship: the Virtue in Which One Regulates the Pleasures Specifically in Relation to Play or
Games
14. Decorum: the Virtue in Which One’s Externals Suits Person and Circumstances
15. Silence: the Virtue by Which One Does Not Speak Unless Necessary; Also the Virtue in Which One
Seeks to Have Interior Quiet of the Appetites
16. Studiosity: the Virtue in Which One Pursues Knowledge According to One’s State in Life
17. Simplicity: the Virtue in Which One Moderates One Externals as to Quantity (Having Neither More
than Is Necessary Nor Less)

V ICES A GAINST T EMPERANCE

1. Gluttony: Eating to Excess

2. Drunkenness: Drinking Alcohol to Excess
th
3. Lust: Illicit Desire for the Pleasures Pertaining to the 6 Commandment
4. Fornication: Conjugal Relations by the Unmarried
5. Mutual Acts Outside the Marriage State: Foreplay by Those Outside of Marriage
6. Rape: Conjugal Relations Outside of Marriage under the Duress of Violence
7. Adultery: Conjugal Relations Between Two People, of Which at Least One Is Married to Someone
Else
8. Incest: Conjugal Relations Between Blood Relatives
9. Incontinence: Lack of Steadfastness Because of the Tumult of the Appetites
10. Anger: a Vice in Which One Does Not Moderate the Passion of Anger; an Inordinate Desire for
Vindication Arising from Unmoderated Sorrow at Some Offense
11. Cruelty: Unmoderated Vindication with Respect to External Actions
12. Pride: Unwillingness to Live in Accordance with the Truth; Excessive Striving for Excellence Beyond
One’s State; Judging Oneself Greater than He Is
13. Curiosity: Inordinate Desire for Useless or Profane Knowledge
14. Crudity: Lack of Etiquette or Manners
15. Immodesty: Lack of Moderation Regarding One’s Externals

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 Theological Virtues
F AITH (T HE V IRTUE BY W HICH O NE G IVES A SSENT TO THE D EPOSIT OF F AITH )

V ICES A GAINST F AITH

1. Infidelity: Lack of Belief in the Deposit of Faith

2. Heresy: Lack of Belief in One or More of the Doctrines of the Faith
3. Apostasy: Rejection of the Faith Entirely by Someone Already Baptized
4. Blasphemy: Denigration of Something Sacred by Means of Speech

H OPE (T HE V IRTUE BY W HICH O NE A WAITS B EATITUDE AND H AS C ONFIDENCE IN G OD ’ S

A ID

V ICES A GAINST H OPE

1. Desperation: Lack of Confidence in God’s Ability to Save Someone or to Aid Him

2. Presumption: Excessive Confidence in One’s Own Capacities Beyond One’s Abilities to Achieve Some
End

C HARITY (T HE V IRTUE BY W HICH O NE L OVES G OD AND O NE ’ S N EIGHBOR FOR THE S AKE

OF G OD )

V ICES C ONTRARY TO C HARITY

1. Hatred of God
2. Sloth: Unwillingness to Engage the Arduous in Order to Achieve Some Excellence
3. Envy: Desire to Have Something Possessed by Another in Such a Manner That the Other No Longer
Possesses it
4. Discord: the Vice in Which One Knowingly and Intentionally Dissents from the Divine Good and the
Good of His Neighbor (A Vice in Which One Does Not Seek Union of Wills)
5. Contention: the Habit of Contrariety in Speech
6. Schism: Lack of Submission to the Authority of the Church, Especially the Pope and Bishops
7. Unjust War: the Waging of Battle Without Due Cause
8. Quarreling (Rixa): Contrariety in Deeds (Private Warring, Sometimes Called Feuding)
9. Scandal: the Drawing of Another into Sin or the Placing of an Impediment of the Assent of Faith on
Behalf of Another

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 Intellectual Virtues
1. Understanding: the Habit of Mind (Virtue) by Which One Grasps the Natures of Things
2. Knowledge (Scientia): the Virtue by Which One Is Able to Judge Created Things as They Are
3. Wisdom: the Virtue by Which One Grasps Those Thigns That Pertain to God as Known Through the
Natural Light of Reason

Copyright© Fr. Chad Ripperger 2016