BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

598:1995
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Ductile iron pipes,

fittings, accessories and
their joints for
sewerage
applications —
Requirements and test
methods

The European Standard EN 598:1994 has the status of a

British Standard

UDC 621.643.06-034.13:621.643.2-034.13:628.2:620.1
 BS EN 598:1995

Committees responsible for this

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British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Piping Systems
Components Standards Policy Committee (PSE/-) to Technical Committee
PSE/10, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Adhesive Tape Manufacturers’ Association

British Foundry Association
Ductile Iron Pipe Committee
Institute of British Foundrymen
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Water and Environmental Management
Pipeline Protection Association
Society of British Water Industries
Water Companies Association
Water Research Centre
Water Services Association of England and Wales

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Piping Systems
Components Standards Policy
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publication
15 January 1995

© BSI 12-1998
Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference PSE/10
Draft for comment 91/83331 DC

ISBN 0 580 23375 8

 BS EN 598:1995

Contents
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Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Foreword 2
Text of EN 598 5
National annex NA (informative) Significant changes from BS 4772 27
List of references Inside back cover

© BSI 12-1998 i
 BS EN 598:1995

National foreword
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This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Piping
Systems Components Standards Policy Committee and is the English language
version of EN 598:1994 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for
sewerage application — Requirements and test methods, published by the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
EN 598 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the UK took
an active part.
Cross-references
International standard Corresponding British Standard
EN 196-1:1989 BS EN 196 Methods of testing cement
Part 1:1987 Determination of strength
EN 545:1994 BS EN 545:1995 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories
and their joints for water pipelines
EN 10002-1:1990 BS EN 10002 Tensile testing of metallic materials
Part 1:1990 Method of test at ambient temperature
EN 29002:1987 BS 5750 Quality systems
Part 2:1987 Specification for production and
installation
EN 45012:1989 BS 7512:1989 General criteria for certification bodies
operating quality system certification

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.

ii © BSI 12-1998
 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 598
NORME EUROPÉENNE
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September 1994
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

UDC 621.643.06-034.13:621.643.2-034.13:628.2:620.1

Descriptors: Sanitation, piping, cast iron products, spheroidal-graphite cast-iron, pipes, tubes, pipe fittings, accessories, joining,
mechanical properties, dimensions, coatings, tests, marking

English version

Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for

sewerage applications – Requirements and test methods

Tuyaux, raccords et accessoires en fonte Rohre, Formstücke, Zubehörteile aus duktilem

ductile et leurs assemblages pour Gußeisen und ihre Verbindungen für die
l’assainissement – Prescriptions et méthodes Abwasser–Entsorgung – Anforderungen und
d’essai Prüfverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-06. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 598:1994 E
 EN 598:1994
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Foreword Contents
This European Standard was prepared by AHG2, Page
Sewerage pipelines, of CEN/TC 203, Cast iron Foreword 2
pipes, fittings and their joints, of which the
1 Scope 5
secretariat is held by AFNOR.
2 Normative references 5
It is one of a series of standards for cast iron
products for pipelines for various applications. 3 Definitions 5
This European Standard has been prepared under a 4 Technical requirements 7
Mandate given to CEN by the European 4.1 General 7
Commission and the European Free Trade 4.1.1 Ductile iron pipes and fittings 7
Association, and supports essential requirements or
EC Directive(s). 4.1.2 Surface condition and repairs 7
4.1.3 Types of joints and interconnection 8
It deals with the subjects covered by the
International Standards ISO 7186, ISO 4179 and 4.1.4 Colour identification 8
ISO 8179. The major differences are the 4.2 Dimensional requirements 8
presentation in one single standard and the 4.2.1 Diameter 8
addition of product performance specifications.
4.2.2 Wall thickness 8
This standard is in conformity with the general
requirements already established by CEN/TC 165 4.2.3 Length 8
in the field of sewerage. 4.2.4 Straightness of pipes 9
This European Standard shall be given the status of 4.2.5 Flanged pipes 9
a national standard, either by publication of an 4.2.6 Fittings 9
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 4.2.7 Inspection chambers 9
March 1995, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1995. 4.2.8 Manholes 9
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal 4.3 Material characteristics 9
Regulations, the following countries are bound to 4.3.1 Tensile properties 9
implement this European Standard: Austria, 4.3.2 Hardness 10
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
4.4 Coatings and linings for pipes 10
Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, 4.4.1 General 10
Switzerland, United Kingdom. 4.4.2 External coating of zinc with
finishing layer 10
4.4.3 Internal lining of high alumina
cement mortar 11
4.5 Coatings for fittings and accessories 11
4.5.1 General 11
4.5.2 Epoxy coating 12
4.6 Marking of pipes and fittings 12
4.7 Leaktightness 12
4.7.1 Systems design requirements 12
4.7.2 Leaktightness of pipeline components 12
4.7.3 Leaktightness of joints 12
5 Performance requirements 12
5.1 General 12
5.2 Longitudinal bending of pipes 13
5.2.1 Integrity under service conditions 13
5.2.2 Bending resistance 13
5.3 Diametral stiffness of pipes 13
5.3.1 Integrity under service conditions 13
5.3.2 Resistance to ovalisation 13

2 © BSI 12-1998
 EN 598:1994
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Page Page
5.4 Leaktightness of components for 7.7 Chemical resistance to effluents 21
gravity pipelines 13 7.8 Abrasion resistance 22
5.5 Leaktightness of joints 13 8 Quality assurance 23
5.5.1 General 13 8.1 General 23
5.5.2 Test conditions 13 8.2 Type tests 23
5.5.3 Test parameters 14 8.3 Quality assurance system 23
5.5.4 Restrained flexible joints 14 9 Tables of dimensions 23
5.6 Chemical resistance to effluents 14 9.1 Socket and spigot pipes 23
5.7 Abrasion resistance 14 9.2 Fittings for gravity sewers 23
6 Test methods 14 9.3 Fittings for pressure sewers and
6.1 Dimensions 14 vacuum sewers 24
6.1.1 External diameter 14 Annex A (informative) Field of use,
6.1.2 Internal diameter 15 characteristics of soils 25
6.1.3 Wall thickness 15 Annex B (informative) Field of use,
characteristics of effluents 25
6.1.4 Length 15
Annex C (informative) Calculation method for
6.2 Straightness of pipes 15
buried pipelines, permissible heights of cover 25
6.3 Tensile testing 15
Figure 1 18
6.3.1 Samples 15
Figure 2 19
6.3.2 Preparation of test bar 15
Figure 3 21
6.3.3 Apparatus and test method 15
Figure 4 22
6.3.4 Test results 16
Figure 5 22
6.3.5 Test frequencies 16
Figure 6 23
6.4 Brinell hardness 16
Figure 7 23
6.5 Zinc coating mass 16
Figure 8 24
6.6 Thickness of paint coatings 17
Figure 9 24
6.7 Compressive strength of cement
Figure 10 24
mortar lining 17
Figure 11 24
6.8 Thickness of cement mortar lining 17
Figure 12 24
6.9 Works leaktightness test for pipes
and fittings for positive pressure Figure 13 24
pipelines 17 Table 1 8
6.9.1 General 17 Table 2 9
6.9.2 Centrifugally cast pipes 18 Table 3 9
6.9.3 Pipes not centrifugally cast and fittings 18 Table 4 11
6.10 Works leaktightness test for pipes and Table 5 12
fittings for negative pressure pipelines 18 Table 6 13
7 Type tests 18 Table 7 16
7.1 Longitudinal bending of pipes 18 Table 8 17
7.2 Diametral stiffness of pipes 19 Table 9 19
7.3 Leaktightness of components for Table 10 20
gravity pipelines 20
Table 11 23
7.4 Leaktightness of joints to positive
Table C.1 26
internal pressure 20
7.5 Leaktightness of joints to negative
internal pressure 21
7.6 Leaktightness of joints to positive
external pressure 21

© BSI 12-1998 3
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4
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 EN 598:1994
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1 Scope EN 196-1:1989, Methods of testing cement —

Determination of strength.
This European Standard specifies the requirements
and associated test methods applicable to ductile prEN 476:1991, General requirements for
iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for components used in discharge pipes, drains and
the construction of drains and sewers outside sewers for gravity systems.
buildings: EN 545:1994, Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories
— Operating without pressure, or with positive or and their joints for water pipelines. Requirements
negative pressure. and test methods.
— Installed below or above ground. EN 10002-1:1990, Metallic materials — Tensile
testing — Part 1: Method of test (at ambient
— For conveyance of surface water, domestic
temperature).
waste water and certain types of industrial
effluents, either in separate systems or in mixed EN 29002:1987, Quality systems — Model for
systems. quality assurance in production and installation.
NOTE In this standard, all pressures are relative pressures, EN 45012:1989, General criteria for certification
expressed in bars (100 kPa = 1 bar). bodies operating quality system certification.
This standard specifies products for gravity ISO 4633:1983, Rubber seals — Joint rings for water
sewerage pipelines, for negative pressure pipelines supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines —
and for pipelines operating at pressures which do Specification for materials.
not normally exceed 6 bar. For higher-pressure ISO 6506:1981, Metallic materials — Hardness
applications, special pipe thickness may be required tests — Brinell test.
by agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser. ISO 6708:1980, Pipe components — Definition of
nominal size.
This standard specifies requirements for materials,
dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties ISO 7268:1983, Pipe components — Definition of
and standard coatings of ductile iron pipes and nominal pressure.
fittings. It also gives performance requirements for ISO 7268/A1 1984, Pipe components — Definition of
all components including joints. nominal pressure — Amendment 1.
This standard covers pipes, fittings and accessories ISO 7483:1991, Dimensions of gaskets for use with
cast by any type of foundry process or manufactured flanges to ISO 7005.
by fabrication of cast components, as well as
corresponding joints, of a size range extending from 3 Definitions
DN 100 to DN 2000 inclusive. For the purposes of this standard, the following
This standard applies to pipes, fittings and definitions apply.
accessories which are:
3.1
— manufactured with socketed, flanged or spigot ductile iron
ends for jointing by means of various types of
cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in
gaskets which are not within the scope of this
which graphite is present substantially in
standard;
spheroidal form
— normally delivered externally and internally
coated; 3.2
pipe
— suitable for fluid temperatures up to 50 °C
excluding frost. casting of uniform bore, straight in axis, having
either socket, spigot or flanged ends, except for
2 Normative references flanged-socket pieces, flanged-spigot pieces and
collars which are classified as fittings
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other 3.3
publications. These normative references are cited fitting
at the appropriate places in the text and the casting other than a pipe which allows pipeline
publications are listed hereafter. For dated deviation, change of direction or bore. In addition
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions flanged-socket pieces, flanged-spigot pieces and
of any of these publications apply to this European collars are also classified as fittings
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

© BSI 12-1998 5
 EN 598:1994
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3.4 3.13
accessory flexible joint
any casting other than a pipe or fitting which is used joint which permits significant angular deflection
in a pipeline, e.g. both during and after installation and which can
— inspection chambers (see 3.5); accept a slight offset of the centreline
— manholes (see 3.6); 3.14
push-in flexible joint
— glands and bolts for mechanical flexible joints
(see 3.15); flexible joint assembled by pushing the spigot
— glands, bolts and locking rings for restrained through the gasket in the socket of the mating
flexible joints (see 3.16); component
— adjustable flanges and flanges to be welded or 3.15
screwed-on. mechanical flexible joint
3.5 flexible joint in which sealing is obtained by
inspection chamber applying pressure to the gasket by mechanical
means, e.g. a gland
component of a discharge system, of a drain or of a
sewer providing access from the ground surface for 3.16
inspection and maintenance equipment restrained flexible joint
3.6 flexible joint in which a means is provided to
manhole prevent separation of the assembled joint
component of a sewer of sufficient size to provide 3.17
access from the ground surface for inspection and flanged joint
maintenance operations by personnel and joint between two flanged ends
equipment
3.18
3.7 nominal size DN
flange
numerical designation of size which is common to all
flat circular end of a pipe or fitting extending components in a piping system. It is a convenient
perpendicular to its axis, with bolt holes equally round number for reference purposes and is only
spaced on a circle loosely related to manufacturing dimensions
NOTE A flange may be fixed (e.g. integrally cast or welded-on) (See ISO 6708.)
or adjustable; an adjustable flange comprises a ring, in one or
several parts assembled together, which bears on an end joint 3.19
hub and can be freely rotated around the pipe axis before jointing. nominal pressure PN
3.8 numerical designation expressed by a number
collar; coupling which is used for reference purposes. All
connecting piece used to join together the spigots of components of the same nominal size DN
mating pipes or fittings designated by the same PN number have compatible
mating dimensions.
3.9 (See ISO 7268 and ISO 7268/A1.)
spigot
3.20
male end of a pipe or fitting diametral stiffness of a pipe
3.10 characteristic of a pipe which allows it to resist
socket ovalization under loading when installed
female end of a pipe or fitting to make the 3.21
connection with the spigot of the next component discharge system
3.11 system of pipes, fittings, accessories and joints used
gasket to collect and drain waste water and rainwater of a
sealing component of a joint building; it comprises discharge pipes, stack
3.12 ventilation pipes and rainwater downpipes,
joint installed within the limits of a building or attached
to the building
connection between the ends of two pipes and/or
fittings in which a gasket is used to effect a seal

6 © BSI 12-1998
 EN 598:1994
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3.22 3.32
drain ovality
system of pipes, fittings, accessories and joints out of roundness of a pipe section; it is equal to
installed outside the limits of a building in order to
A1 – A 2
connect the discharge system of this building to a 100  --------------------
sewer or a septic tank A + A 
1 2
3.23 where:
sewer A1 is the maximum axis, in millimetres;
pipeline designed to collect waste water and A2 is the minimum axis, in millimetres.
rainwater from buildings and surface water and to
convey them to the point of disposal or treatment
4 Technical requirements
3.24
gravity sewer 4.1 General

sewer operating normally under free flowing 4.1.1 Ductile iron pipes and fittings
conditions Nominal sizes, thicknesses, lengths and coatings
3.25 are specified in clause 4. When, by agreement
pressure sewer; pumping sewer between manufacturer and purchaser, pipes and
fittings with different wall thicknesses, lengths
sewer (or section of a sewer) operating under and/or coatings and other types of fittings than
positive pressure those given in 9.2 and 9.3, are supplied with
3.26 reference to this standard, they shall comply with
vacuum sewer all the other requirements of this standard.
sewer operating under negative pressure NOTE 1 Other types of fittings include tees and tapers with
other combinations DN × dn, draining tees, etc.
3.27 The standardized nominal sizes, DN of pipes and
combined system fittings are as follows: 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300,
sewerage system collecting together rainwater, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 000, 1 100,
surface water and waste water 1 200, 1 400, 1 500, 1 600, 1 800, 2 000.
3.28 NOTE 2 These DN values are DN/ID in the meaning of
prEN 476.
separate system
The functional properties of ductile iron pipes and
sewerage system where are separately collected: fittings shall be as given in clause 5.
— rainwater and surface water; NOTE 3 When installed and operated under the conditions for
— waste water. which they are designed (see annexes A to C) ductile iron pipes,
fittings, accessories and their joints maintain all their functional
3.29 characteristics over their operating life, due to the constant
batch material properties, to the stability of their cross section and to
their design with high safety factors.
quantity of castings from which a sample is taken 4.1.2 Surface condition and repairs
for testing purposes during manufacture
Pipes, fittings and accessories shall be free from
3.30 defects and surface imperfections which could lead
type test to non-compliance with clauses 4 and 5.
proof of design test which is done once and is When necessary, pipes and fittings may be repaired,
repeated only after change of design for example by welding, in order to remove surface
3.31 imperfections and localized defects which do not
length affect the entire wall thickness, provided that:
effective length of a pipe or fitting (see Figure in 9.1) — the repairs are carried out according to a
NOTE For flanged pipes and fittings, the effective length L is written procedure included in the manufacturer’s
equal to the overall length. For socketed pipes and fittings, the quality assurance system;
effective length Lu is equal to the overall length minus the spigot
insertion depth as given in the manufacturer’s catalogues. — the repaired pipes and fittings shall comply
with all the requirements of clauses 4 and 5.

© BSI 12-1998 7
 EN 598:1994
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4.1.3 Types of joints and interconnection For DN # 300, the external diameter of the pipe
4.1.3.1 General barrel measured with a circumferential tape shall
be such as to allow the assembly of the joint over at
Joint design and gasket shapes are outside the scope least two thirds of the pipe length from the spigot
of this standard. end. For DN > 300, the same applies to a percentage
Rubber gasket materials shall comply with the of the pipes, when they need to be cut on site, after
requirements of ISO 4633. When materials other agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
than rubber are necessary (e.g. for flanged joints), In addition, the ovality (see 3.32) of the spigot end of
they shall comply with the appropriate EN standard pipes and fittings shall:
or where no EN standard exists, the appropriate
ISO standard. — remain within the tolerances on DE
(see Table 11) for DN 100 to DN 200;
4.1.3.2 Flanged joints
— not exceed 1 % for DN 250 to DN 600 or 2 % for
The dimensions and tolerances of the flanges of DN > 600.
pipes and fittings shall comply with prEN 1092-2 NOTE 2 The manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to
and flange gaskets with ISO 7483. This ensures the necessity and means of ovality correction; certain types of
interconnection between all flanged components flexible joints can accept the maximum ovality without a need for
spigot re-rounding prior to jointing.
(pipes, fittings, valves, etc.) of the same PN and DN
and adequate joint performance. 4.2.1.2 Internal diameter
Although it does not affect interconnection, the The nominal values of the internal diameters of
manufacturer shall state in his catalogues whether centrifugally cast pipes, expressed in millimetres,
his products are normally delivered with fixed are equal to the numbers indicating their nominal
flanges or adjustable flanges. size, DN, and the tolerances shall be as given
4.1.3.3 Flexible joints in Table 1 which apply to lined pipes.
NOTE 1 These tolerances apply to the pipe thicknesses given
Pipes and fittings with flexible joints shall comply in Table 11 and to the internal cement mortar lining thicknesses
with 4.2.1.1 for their spigot external diameters DE given in Table 4. Where thicker iron and/or lining thicknesses are
and their tolerances. This offers the possibility of agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, these tolerances do
not apply.
interconnection between components equipped with NOTE 2 Due to the manufacturing process of iron pipes and
different types of flexible joints. In addition, each their internal linings, internal diameters with a maximum
type of flexible joint shall be designed to fulfil the negative tolerance will only appear locally along the pipe length.
performance requirements of clause 5. Compliance shall be demonstrated either by direct
NOTE 1 For interconnection with certain types of joints measurement according to 6.1.2 or by calculation
operating within a tighter tolerance range on DE, the from the measurements taken for pipe external
manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to the means of
ensuring adequate joint performance at high pressures
diameter, iron wall thickness and lining thickness.
(e.g. measurement and selection of external diameter). Table 1
NOTE 2 For interconnection with existing pipelines which may
have external diameters not in compliance with 4.2.1.1, the DN Tolerancea
manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to the appropriate
mm
means of interconnection (e.g. adaptors).
4.1.4 Colour identification 100 to 1 000 – 10
Pipes and fittings for sewers and drains shall be 1 100 to 2 000 – 0,01 DN
identified externally by one of the following colours: aA negative tolerance only is given.
brown, red or grey.
NOTE This is to allow easy identification of installed sewers 4.2.2 Wall thickness
and drains and to avoid mistaking with pipelines for water and When measured in accordance with 6.1.3, the
gas supply.
minimum iron thicknesses of socket and spigot
4.2 Dimensional requirements pipes shall be in conformity with those given
4.2.1 Diameter in Table 11; they are such that the diametral
4.2.1.1 External diameter stiffnesses of pipes are not less than the values
shown in Table 10.
Subclause 9.1 specifies the values of the external
The minimum iron thicknesses of fittings shall be
diameter DE of the spigot ends of pipes and fittings
equal to or higher than those of pipes of the same
and their maximum allowable tolerances, when
DN.
measured using a circumferential tape in
accordance with 6.1.1. 4.2.3 Length
NOTE 1 Certain types of flexible joints operate within a tighter Socket and spigot pipes shall be supplied with the
range of tolerance (see 4.1.3.3). standardized lengths given in Table 2.

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Table 2 4.2.8 Manholes

DN Standardized length Lua Manholes (see 3.6) shall comprise a vertical part of
DN $ 800, a bottom plate, a top plate capable of
m
receiving a frame and a manhole cover, and two or
100 to 600 5 or 5,5 or 6 more inlets/outlets fixed to the vertical part.
700 and 800 5,5 or 6 or 7 The number and location of the inlets/outlets shall
900 to 1 400 6 or 7 or 8,15 be agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser and shall preserve the hydraulic
1 500 to 2 000 8,15 continuity inside the manhole.
a
See 3.31. 4.3 Material characteristics
In addition, pipes shall be designed to a length 4.3.1 Tensile properties
which shall be within ± 150 mm of the standardized Pipes, fittings and accessories of ductile iron shall
length and shall be given in the manufacturer’s have the tensile properties given in Table 3.
catalogues. Table 3
Of the total number of socket and spigot pipes to be Type of casting Minimum Minimum elongation after
supplied in each diameter, the percentage of shorter tensile fracture, A
pipes shall not exceed 10 %, in which case the length strength,
reduction shall be: Rm

— up to 0,15 m for the pipes in which samples MPa %

have been cut for testing (see 4.3); DN 100 to DN 100 to DN 1 100 to
DN 2 000 DN 1 000 DN 2 000
— up to half the standard length by increments
of 0,5 m for DN < 700 and 0,1 m for DN $ 700. Pipes 420 10 7
When measured in accordance with 6.1.4 the length centrifugally
of pipes shall be within a manufacturing tolerance cast
of ± 30 mm. Pipes not 420 5 5
4.2.4 Straightness of pipes centrifugally
cast, fittings
Pipes shall be straight, with a maximum deviation
of 0,125 % of their length. and
accessories
The verification of this requirement is usually
NOTE By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser,
carried out by visual inspection, but in case of doubt the 0,2 % proof stress (Rp0,2) may be measured. It shall be not
or in dispute the deviation shall be measured in less than:
accordance with 6.2. — 270 MPa when A $ 12 % for DN 100 to DN 1 000 or
A $ 10 % for DN > 1 000;
4.2.5 Flanged pipes
— 300 MPa in other cases.
The dimensions of flanged pipes shall comply with
EN 545 and 4.2.2 of this standard. During the manufacturing process the
4.2.6 Fittings manufacturer shall carry out suitable tests in order
to verify these tensile properties; these tests may be:
The usual types and sizes of fittings shall be those
a) either a batch sampling system whereby
given in 9.2 and 9.3; for lengths, see the
samples are obtained from the pipe spigot or, for
manufacturer’s catalogues.
fittings, from samples cast separately or
Other fittings may be supplied as long as they integrally with the castings concerned. Test bars
comply with the other requirements of this standard shall be machined from these samples and tensile
(see 4.1.1). tested in accordance with 6.3; or
4.2.7 Inspection chambers b) a system of process control
Inspection chambers (see 3.5) shall be (e.g. by non-destructive testing) where a positive
manufactured either as an integral item or by site correlation can be demonstrated with the tensile
assembly of a bottom part (inspection tee) and a properties specified in Table 3. Testing
vertical part. verification procedures shall be based on the use
of comparitor samples having known and
Opening dimensions shall be as
verifiable properties. This system shall be
follows: 250 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm.
supported by tensile testing in accordance
with 6.3.

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4.3.2 Hardness 4.4.2 External coating of zinc with finishing

The hardness of the various components shall be layer
such that they can be cut, drilled, tapped and/or 4.4.2.1 General
machined with normal tools. In case of dispute, the The external coating of centrifugally cast ductile
hardness shall be measured by the Brinell hardness iron pipes shall comprise a layer of metallic zinc,
test in accordance with 6.4. covered by a finishing layer of a bituminous product
The Brinell hardness shall not exceed 230 HB for or synthetic resin compatible with zinc. Both layers
pipes and 250 HB for fittings and accessories. For shall be works-applied by spraying with suitable
components manufactured by welding, a higher spray-guns, the design of which is outside the scope
Brinell hardness is allowed in the heat affected zone of this standard.
of the weld. The zinc is normally applied on oxide-surfaced pipes
4.4 Coatings and linings for pipes after heat treatment; at the manufacturer’s option,
4.4.1 General it may also be applied on blast-cleaned pipes. Prior
to application of the zinc, the pipe surface shall be
Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and dry and free from rust or non-adhering particles or
purchaser, all pipes shall be delivered with: foreign matter such as oil or grease.
— an external coating of zinc with finishing layer 4.4.2.2 Coating characteristics
in accordance with 4.4.2;
The metallic zinc coating shall cover the external
— an internal lining of high alumina cement
surface of the pipe and provide a dense, continuous,
mortar in accordance with 4.4.3;
uniform layer. It shall be free from such defects as
— an epoxy-based coating on the end surfaces bare patches or lack of adhesion.
which can come into contact with the effluents
The uniformity of the coating shall be checked by
(internal surface of the socket and external
visual inspection.
surface of the spigot).
When measured in accordance with 6.5, the mean
Their field of use is given in annexes A and B.
mass of zinc per unit area shall be not less
By agreement between manufacturer and than 130 g/m2 with a local minimum of 110 g/m2.
purchaser, the following coatings may also be
supplied depending on external and internal 4.4.2.3 Repairs
conditions of use which may be different from those Damage to coatings where the area of total removal
given in annexes A and B. of metallic zinc has a width exceeding 5 mm and
a) External coatings: areas left uncoated (e.g. under test token, see 6.5)
shall be repaired.
— zinc rich paint coating with finishing layer;
Repairs shall be carried out either by:
— thicker metallic zinc coating with finishing
layer; a) metallic zinc spray complying with 4.4.2; or
— polyethylene sleeving (as a supplement to b) application of zinc-rich paint containing at
the zinc coating with finishing layer); least 90 % zinc by mass of dry film; the mean
mass of applied paint shall be not less
— extruded polyethylene; than 150 g/m2.
— extruded polypropylene;
4.4.2.4 Finishing layer
— polyurethane;
It shall uniformly cover the whole surface of the
— fibre cement mortar; metallic zinc layer and be free from such defects as
— adhesive tapes. bare patches or lack of adhesion.
b) Internal coatings (linings): The uniformity of the finishing layer shall be
— blast furnace cement mortar lining; checked by visual inspection.
— polyurethane; When measured in accordance with 6.6, the mean
thickness of the finishing layer shall be not less
— polyethylene;
than 70 mm and the local minimum thickness not
— epoxy resin. less than 50 mm.
These external and internal coatings shall comply
with the corresponding EN standards or, where no
EN standard exists, they shall comply with
ISO standards or with national standards, or with
an agreed technical specification.

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4.4.3 Internal lining of high alumina cement When shrinkage cracks inherent to cement-bound
mortar materials have developed in the dry linings, the
4.4.3.1 General crack width and the corresponding radial
displacement shall not exceed the values given
The cement mortar lining of ductile iron pipes shall in Table 4.
constitute a dense, homogeneous layer covering the
NOTE Storage of pipes and fittings in a hot, dry environment
total internal surface of the pipe barrel. can cause metal expansion and mortar shrinkage which may
It shall be works-applied by centrifugal spinning or result in the dry lining developing areas of disbondment and
shrinkage cracks. When the lining is re-exposed to water, it will
by means of a centrifugal applicator head or by a swell by absorption of moisture and the cracks will eventually
combination of these methods. Smoothing with a heal by an autogenous process.
trowel is permitted. Table 4
Prior to application of the lining, the metal surface Dimensions in millimetres
shall be free from loose material and oil or grease.
DN Thickness Maximum crack
The cement mortar mix shall comprise high width and
Nominal Tolerancea
alumina cement, sand and water; chloride-free value
radial
admixtures may be used when necessary. The ratio displacement
by mass of sand to cement shall not exceed 3,5. At 100 to 300 3,5 – 1,5 0,6
mixing stage, the ratio by mass of total water to
350 to 600 5 –2 0,7
cement depends on the manufacturing process and
shall be determined such that the lining is in 700 to 1 200 6 – 2,5 0,8
conformance with 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3; it shall not 1 400 to 2 000 9 –3 0,8
exceed 0,38 in the fresh lining immediately after
NOTE Pipe ends may have a chamfer of maximum
application. length 20 mm.
The sand shall have an appropriate grading; it shall aA negative tolerance only is given.
not contain organic impurities, or fine clay particles
in quantities which may affect the lining quality. 4.4.3.4 Repairs
The water used in the mortar mix shall be potable Repairs to areas of damaged linings shall be effected
water or water that has no harmful effect on the by the use of either cement mortar (see 4.4.3.1) or a
characteristics of the lining. compatible polymer mortar; application may be by
After application of the fresh lining, controlled hand.
curing shall be carried out so as to provide sufficient Prior to the application of the repair mortar, the
hydration to the cement. damaged area shall be cut back to the sound lining
4.4.3.2 Strength of the lining or to the metal surface and all loose material shall
When measured according to 6.7, the compressive be removed. After completion of the repair, the
strength of the cement mortar lining after 28 days of lining shall comply with 4.4.3.1, 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3.
curing shall be not less than 50 MPa. 4.5 Coatings for fittings and accessories
NOTE The compressive strength of the lining is directly related 4.5.1 General
to other functional properties such as high density, good bond
and low porosity. Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and
4.4.3.3 Thickness and surface condition purchaser, fittings and accessories shall be
delivered with an external and internal epoxy
The nominal thickness of the cement mortar lining coating, conforming with 4.5.2. Their field of use is
and its tolerance shall be as given in Table 4. When given in annexes A and B.
measured in accordance with 6.8, the lining
thickness shall be within the specified tolerance. By agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser, the following coatings may also be
The surface of the cement mortar lining shall be supplied depending on external and internal
uniform and smooth; trowel marks and protrusion conditions of use, which may be different to those
of sand grains are acceptable, but there shall be no given in annexes A and B:
recesses or local defects which reduce the thickness
to below the minimum value given in Table 4. a) External coatings:
If fine crazing and hairline cracks associated with — bituminous paint;
cement rich surfaces appear in dry linings, there — zinc coating with finishing layer;
shall be no evidence of disbondment. — polyethylene sleeving (as a supplement to
the bituminous paint or to the zinc coating
with finishing layer);

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— adhesive tapes. 4.7 Leaktightness

b) Internal coatings (linings): 4.7.1 Systems design requirements
— high alumina cement mortar lining Sewer systems constructed with ductile iron
(see 4.4.3); components in conformity with this standard shall
— blast furnace cement mortar lining; be leaktight at the pressures given in Table 5,
— polyurethane. depending on the way they are normally operated.
This applies under all normal service conditions,
These external and internal coatings shall comply including foreseable external loads and joint
with the corresponding EN standards or where no movements (angular, radial and axial).
EN standard exists, they shall comply with
ISO standards or with national standards, or with Table 5
an agreed technical specification. Type of Internal pressure External
operation pressure
4.5.2 Epoxy coating
bar bar
4.5.2.1 General
continuous occasional continuous
The coating material shall be either epoxy paint or
epoxy powder. Gravity 0 to 0,5 2 1
Prior to application of the coating, the casting shall Positive 6 9 1
be suitably blast-cleaned in order to ensure a high, pressure
uniform level of bond between the coating and its Negative – 0,5 – 0,8 1
substrate. pressure
The coating shall be works-applied by dipping, by
spraying or by brush with the equipment suitable 4.7.2 Leaktightness of pipeline components
for the paint or the powder. Pipes, fittings, inspection chambers and manholes
4.5.2.2 Characteristics of the coating shall be leaktight when used under the conditions
for which they are designed (see 4.7.1).
The coating shall uniformly cover the whole surface
of the casting; it shall have a smooth regular When tested in accordance with 6.9, pipes and
appearance and be free from defects which may fittings for positive pressure applications shall
affect its function. Sufficient curing time and exhibit no visible leakage, sweating or any other
temperature shall be provided in order to ensure a sign of failure.
high degree of cross-linking of the epoxy resin. When tested in accordance with 6.10, pipes and
The minimum coating thickness shall be such that fittings for negative pressure applications shall
the coating complies with 5.6. When measured exhibit no visible leakage, sweating or any other
according to 6.6, the coating thickness shall be not sign of failure.
less than the minimum thickness given in the Pipes, fittings, inspection chambers and manholes
quality plan of the manufacturer. for gravity applications shall comply with the
performance requirements of 5.4.
4.6 Marking of pipes and fittings
4.7.3 Leaktightness of joints
All pipes and fittings shall be legibly and durably
marked and shall bear at least the following All joints shall be leaktight when used under the
information: conditions for which they are designed (see 4.7.1).
— the manufacturer’s name or mark; All joints shall comply with the performance
— the identification of the year of manufacture; requirements of 5.5.
— the identification as ductile iron; 5 Performance requirements
— the DN;
5.1 General
— the PN rating of flanges when applicable;
The performance of all pipes, fittings, accessories
— the reference to this standard; and joints specified in clause 4 shall be in
— the identification of third party certification conformity with the requirements of 5.2 to 5.7. This
when applicable. ensures their fitness for purpose in the field of
The first five markings given above shall be cast-on sewerage in conformity with prEN 476.
or cold stamped; the two other markings can be
applied by any method e.g. painting on the casting
or attached to the packaging.

12 © BSI 12-1998
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Table 6
Type tests DN groupings
Longitudinal bending of pipes (see 5.2) DN 100 to — — —
DN 200
Diametral stiffness of pipes (see 5.3) DN 100 to DN 300 to DN 700 to DN 1 100 to
Joint tightness to positive internal DN 250 DN 600 DN 1 000 DN 2 000
pressure (see 5.5.2)
Joint tightness to negative internal
pressure (see 5.5.2)
Joint tightness to positive external
pressure (see 5.5.2)
Chemical resistance to effluents (see 5.6) DN 100 to
Abrasion resistance (see 5.7) DN 2 000

There shall be at least one type test for each of the NOTE 1 As ductile iron pipes are intended to be used in the
groupings given in Table 6. One DN is range of elastic deformations, they are not subjected to creep.
Short-term and long-term values of the diametral stiffness are
representative of a grouping when the performances therefore identical.
are based on the same design parameters NOTE 2 The allowable heights of cover of buried pipes, which
throughout the size range. If a grouping covers depend largely on the diametral stiffness, are given in annex C.
products of different designs and/or manufactured 5.3.2 Resistance to ovalisation
by different processes, the grouping shall be
After the integrity test of 5.3.1, the pipes shall
sub-divided.
withstand double the allowable ovalizations given
NOTE If for a manufacturer a grouping contains only one DN, in Table 10 without failure of the iron wall.
this DN may be considered as part of the adjacent grouping
provided that it is of identical design and manufactured by the 5.4 Leaktightness of components for gravity
same process. pipelines
5.2 Longitudinal bending of pipes When tested in accordance with 7.3, pipes, fittings,
When tested according to 7.1, pipes with an aspect inspection chambers and manholes shall exhibit no
ratio (length/diameter) equal to or greater than 25 visible leakage, sweating or any other sign of
shall comply with 5.2.1 and subsequently 5.2.2. failure.
5.2.1 Integrity under service conditions 5.5 Leaktightness of joints
The pipes shall withstand the service bending 5.5.1 General
moments given in Table 9 without residual All joints shall be designed to be fully flexible;
deflection and without visible damage to their consequently, the allowable angular deflection
external and internal coatings.
declared by the manufacturer shall be not less than:
5.2.2 Bending resistance — 3°309 for DN 100 to DN 300;
After the integrity test specified in 5.2.1, the pipes — 2°309 for DN 350 to DN 600;
shall withstand the proof bending moments given
— 1°309 for DN 700 to DN 2 000.
in Table 9 without failure of the iron wall.
All joints shall be designed to provide sufficient
5.3 Diametral stiffness of pipes axial movement; the allowable withdrawal shall be
When tested according to 7.2, the pipes shall comply declared by the manufacturer.
with the requirements of 5.3.1 and NOTE This permits the installed pipeline to accommodate
subsequently 5.3.2. ground movements and/or thermal effects without incurring
additional stresses.
5.3.1 Integrity under service conditions
5.5.2 Test conditions
The diametral stiffness of the pipes shall be not less
than the values specified in Table 10, which means All joint designs shall be type-tested under the most
that they shall withstand the test loads given unfavourable, applicable conditions of tolerance and
in Table 10 with an ovalization not exceeding the joint movement as given below:
allowable values. a) Joint of maximum annulus (see 5.5.3.1)
In addition, there shall be no damage to the internal aligned, withdrawn to the allowable value
and external coatings which could affect their declared by the manufacturer, and subject to
performance. shear (see 5.5.3.3);

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b) Joint of maximum annulus (see 5.5.3.1), All restrained joint designs shall be type-tested in
deflected to the allowable value declared by the accordance with 7.4 to 7.6 following the
manufacturer (see 5.5.1). requirements of 5.5.2 and 5.5.3, except that:
The joints shall exhibit no visible leakage when — the withdrawal condition of 5.5.2 a) shall not
subjected to the following tests: apply;
— test 1: positive internal hydrostatic pressure in — there shall be no external axial restraint in
accordance with 7.4; the test pressure shall positive internal pressure tests so that the joint is
be 2 bar for joints intended for gravity or negative subjected to the full end thrust.
pressure pipelines and at least 11 bar for joints During the positive internal pressure tests, the
intended for all types of pipelines (including axial movement shall reach a stable value and
positive pressure pipelines); cease.
— test 2: negative internal pressure of 0,9 bar NOTE When the restraining mechanism and the sealing
below atmospheric pressure component of a restrained joint are independent, such a joint does
(approximately 0,1 bar absolute pressure), in not need to be subjected to test 2 and test 3 of 5.5.2 if the
unrestrained version of the joint has passed these tests.
accordance with 7.5;
5.6 Chemical resistance to effluents
— test 3: positive external hydrostatic pressure
of 2 bar, in accordance with 7.6 for joints Long-term performance of pipes, fittings and joints
intended for use deeper than 5 m below the water shall be demonstrated by six-month exposure tests
level (e.g. river, lake, aquifer). to an acid solution and to an alkaline solution
according to 7.7. Their field of use is given in
5.5.3 Test parameters
annex B.
5.5.3.1 Annulus After six months of testing, the following conditions
All joints shall be type-tested at the extremes of shall be met:
manufacturing tolerance such that the annular gap — thickness of the high alumina cement mortar
between the sealing surfaces of the socket and of the lining shall be within 0,2 mm of the original
spigot is equal to the maximum design value thickness;
plus 0 %, minus 5 %. It is permissible to machine
— there shall be no visible cracking, blistering or
socket internal surfaces to achieve the required
disbonding of the epoxy based coatings (fittings
annulus for the type-test even though the resultant
and pipe sockets);
diameter can be slightly outside the normal
manufacturing tolerance. — there shall be no visible cracking on the rubber
gasket; its hardness, tensile strength and
5.5.3.2 Pipe thickness
elongation shall remain in conformity with the
All joints shall be type-tested with a spigot having specified values.
an average iron wall thickness (over a distance NOTE All other combinations of coatings can be tested
of 2 × DN in millimetres from the spigot end face) according to the same procedure; the values of pH can be modified
equal to the specified minimum value for the pipe in order to demonstrate long-term behaviour in different
environments.
for which the joint is designed plus 10 %, minus 0 %.
It is permissible to machine the spigot end of the 5.7 Abrasion resistance
test pipe in the bore to achieve the required When tested in accordance with 7.8, the pipes shall
thickness. not have an abrasion depth greater than 0,6 mm
5.5.3.3 Shear after 1 00 000 cycles.
All joints shall be type-tested with a resultant shear
force across the joints of not less than 30 × DN in
6 Test methods
newtons, taking into account the weight of the pipe 6.1 Dimensions
and of its contents and the geometry of the test 6.1.1 External diameter
assembly (see 7.4).
Socket and spigot pipes shall be measured at their
5.5.4 Restrained flexible joints spigot end by means of a circumferential tape or
All restrained joints shall be designed to be at least controlled by pass-fail gauges. The manufacturer’s
semi-flexible; consequently, the allowable angular process control system shall specify the frequency of
deflection declared by the manufacturer shall be not this test.
less than half of the value shown in 5.5.1.

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In addition, they shall be visually inspected for 6.3.1.2 Pipes not centrifugally cast, fittings and
compliance with the spigot allowable ovality and, in accessories
case of doubt, the maximum and minimum spigot At the manufacturer’s option, samples shall be
axes shall be measured by suitable equipment or either cast integrally with the castings or cast
controlled by pass-fail gauges. separately. In the latter case they shall be cast from
6.1.2 Internal diameter the same metal as that used for the castings. If the
The internal diameter of pipes shall be measured by castings are subjected to heat treatment, the
means of suitable equipment. Two measurements samples shall be subjected to the same heat
shall be taken at right angles, at a cross treatment.
section 200 mm or more from the end face. The 6.3.2 Preparation of test bar
mean value of these two measurements may then be A test bar shall be machined from each sample to be
calculated. The manufacturer’s process control representative of the metal at the mid thickness of
system shall specify the frequency of this test. the sample, with a cylindrical part having the
6.1.3 Wall thickness diameter given in Table 7.
All centrifugally cast pipes shall be visually The test bar shall have a gauge length equal to at
inspected for colour uniformity as they are extracted least five times the nominal test bar diameter. The
from the mould in order to detect iron wall thickness ends of the test bar shall be such that they will fit
differences at an early stage. the testing machine.
The iron wall thickness shall be measured by The surface roughness profile of the cylindrical part
suitable equipment, e.g. mechanical or ultrasonic, of the test bar shall be such that Rz # 6,3.
having a precision of ± 0,1 mm at regular intervals Two methods of measuring the tensile strength of
along the pipe barrel. The manufacturer’s process the test bar may be used at the manufacturer’s
control system shall specify the frequency of this option:
test. Method A:
6.1.4 Length Machine the test bar to its nominal
The length of socket and spigot pipes shall be diameter ± 10 %, measure the actual diameter
measured by suitable equipment: before the test with an accuracy of ± 0,01 mm
— on the first pipe cast from a new mould, for and use this measured diameter to calculate the
as-cast pipes; cross-sectional area and the tensile strength; or
— on the first pipe, for pipes which are Method B:
systematically cut to a pre-set length. Machine the test bar to its nominal area So
6.2 Straightness of pipes within a specified tolerance on diameter
(see Table 7) and use the nominal area to
The pipe shall be rolled on two gantries or rotated calculate the tensile strength.
around its axis on rollers, which in each case are
separated by not less than two-thirds of the 6.3.3 Apparatus and test method
standardized pipe length. The testing machine shall have suitable holders or
The point of maximum deviation from the straight grips to suit the test bar ends so as to apply the test
axis shall be determined and the deviation load axially. The testing machine shall have a force
measured at that point. range suitable for testing the bars to failure whilst
indicating the load applied.
6.3 Tensile testing
The accuracy class of the testing machine shall be in
6.3.1 Samples accordance with clause 9 of EN 10002-1:1990. The
The thickness of the sample and the diameter of the rate of stressing shall be as constant as possible
test bar shall be as given in Table 7. within the limits of 6 N/mm2 to 30 N/mm2 per
6.3.1.1 Centrifugally cast pipes second.

A sample shall be cut from the spigot end of the pipe.

This sample may be cut parallel with or
perpendicular to the pipe axis, but in case of dispute
the parallel with axis sample shall be used.

© BSI 12-1998 15
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Table 7
Type of casting Test bar Test bar
method A method B
Nominal Nominal area Nominal Tolerance on
diameter So diameter diameter
mm mm2 mm mm
Centrifugally cast pipes with wall
thickness in millimetres:
less than 6 2,5 5,0 2,52 ± 0,01
6 up to but not including 8 3,5 10,0 3,57 ± 0,02
8 up to but not including 12 5,0 20,0 5,05 ± 0,02
12 and over 6,0 30,0 6,18 ± 0,03
Pipes not centrifugally cast, fittings and
accessories:
integrally cast samples 5,0 20,0 5,05 ± 0,02
separately cast samples:
sample thickness 12,5 mm for 6,0 30,0 6,18 ± 0,03
casting thickness less than 12 mm
sample thickness 25 mm for casting 12,0 or 14,0 — — —
thickness 12 mm and over
The tensile strength shall be calculated by dividing 6.3.5 Test frequencies
the maximum force sustained by the test bar by the The frequency of testing is related to the system of
cross sectional area of the test bar before testing. production and quality control used by the
The extended gauge length shall be measured after manufacturer (see 4.3.1). The maximum batch sizes
piecing together the two parts of the test bar after shall be as given in Table 8.
fracture. The elongation shall be calculated using
the ratio of the extended gauge length to the original 6.4 Brinell hardness
gauge length. Alternatively, the elongation may be When Brinell hardness tests are carried out
measured directly by means of an extensometer. (see 4.3.2), they shall be performed either on the
6.3.4 Test results casting in dispute or on a sample cut from the
casting. The surface to be tested shall be suitably
Test results shall comply with Table 3. If they do not prepared by slight local grinding and the test shall
comply, the manufacturer shall: be carried out in accordance with ISO 6506 using a
a) in the case where the metal does not achieve steel ball of 2,5 mm or 5 mm or 10 mm diameter.
the required mechanical properties, investigate
6.5 Zinc coating mass
the reason and ensure that all castings in the
batch are either re-heat treated or rejected. A rectangular token of known weight per unit area
Castings which have been re-heat treated are shall be attached longitudinally along the axis of the
then re-tested in accordance with 6.3; pipe before passing it through the coating
NOTE The manufacturer may limit the amount of rejection
equipment. After coating and trimming, the size of
by making tests until the rejected batch of castings is the token shall be 500 mm × 50 mm. It shall be
bracketed, in order of manufacture, by a successful test at weighed on a scale having a precision of at
each end of the interval in question. least 0,01 g.
b) in the case of a defect in the test bar, carry out The mean mass M of zinc per unit area shall be
a further test. If it passes, the batch is accepted; determined from the mass difference before and
if not, the manufacturer has the option to proceed after zinc coating.
as in a) above.
( M 2 – M1 )
M = C ---------------------------
-
A

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where: b) indirectly on a token which is attached to the

casting before coating and is used after coating to
M is the mean mass of zinc, in grammes measure the dry film thickness by mechanical
per square metre; means, e.g. micrometer, or by a weight method
M1 and are the masses of the sample token, in similar to 6.5.
M2 grammes, before and after coating; For each casting to be controlled at least three
measurements shall be taken (either on the casting
C is the predetermined correction factor,
or on the token). The mean thickness is the average
taking account of the nature of the
of all the measurements taken and the local
token and of the difference in surface
minimum thickness is the lowest value of all the
roughness between the token and the measurements taken.
iron pipe;
6.7 Compressive strength of the cement
A is the actual area of the trimmed token,
mortar lining
in square metres.
The compressive strength shall be the arithmetic
NOTE 1 The value of C, generally lying between 1 and 1, 2, is mean of six compressive strength tests performed on
given in the relevant document of the manufacturer’s quality
assurance system. three prism samples after 28 days of curing.
The uniformity of the coating shall be checked by The compressive strength shall be determined by a
the visual inspection of the token; in the event of a type test according to EN 196-1, except that:
lack of uniformity, 50 mm × 50 mm pieces shall be — the sand, the cement and the water used for
cut from the token in the lighter mass zones and the the prism samples are identical with those used
local minimum mass of zinc determined on each for the mortar before application of the lining;
piece by mass difference. — the sand/cement ratio used for the prism
NOTE 2 Alternatively the mass of zinc per unit area can be samples is equal to that used for the mortar
measured directly on the coated pipe by any method having
proven correlation with the reference method described above,
before application of the lining;
e.g. X-ray fluorescence or chemical analysis. — the water/cement ratio used for the prism
Table 8 samples is equal to that of the lining immediately
Type of casting DN Maximum batch size
after application to the pipe wall.
NOTE This takes into account the influence of the centrifugal
Batch Process spinning process which allows expelling of the excess water.
sampling control
system system 6.8 Thickness of cement mortar lining
Centrifugally 100 to 300 200 pipes 1 200 pipes During manufacture, the thickness shall be
cast pipes 350 to 600 100 pipes 600 pipes measured on the freshly applied lining by a spear
having a diameter of 1,5 mm or less and controlled
700 to 1 000 50 pipes 300 pipes on the finished hardened lining by means of a
1 100 to 2 000 25 pipes 150 pipes suitable gauge, e.g. magnetic.
Pipes not 100 to 2 000 4 ta 48 ta The measurements shall be taken
centrifugally approximately 200 mm from the end face. The
cast, fittings manufacturer’s process control system shall specify
and the frequency of this test.
accessories 6.9 Works leaktightness test for pipes and
a fittings for positive pressure pipelines
Weight of crude castings, excluding the risers.
6.9.1 General
6.6 Thickness of paint coatings Pipes and fittings shall be tested in accordance
The dry film thickness of paint coatings shall be with 6.9.2 or 6.9.3 respectively. The test shall be
determined by either of the following methods: carried out on all pipes and fittings before the
a) directly on the casting by means of suitable application of their external and internal coatings,
gauges, e.g. magnetic, or by using a “wet film” except for the metallic zinc coating of pipes which
thickness gauge where a correlation between wet may be applied before the test.
film thickness and dry film thickness can be The test apparatus shall be suitable for applying the
demonstrated; or specified test pressures to the pipes and/or fittings.
It shall be equipped with an industrial pressure
gauge with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

© BSI 12-1998 17
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6.9.2 Centrifugally cast pipes 6.10 Works leaktightness test for pipes and
The internal hydrostatic pressure shall be raised fittings for negative pressure pipelines
steadily until it reaches a test pressure of at All the pipes and fittings shall be subjected to an air
least 11 bar, which is maintained for a sufficient test with an internal pressure of at least 1 bar and a
time to allow visual inspection of the pipe barrel. visual inspection time not less than 10 s for fittings
The total duration of the pressure cycle shall be not and 1 min for pipes. For leak detection, pipes and
less than 15 s, including 10 s at test pressure. fittings shall be submerged in water or uniformly
6.9.3 Pipes not centrifugally cast and fittings coated on their external surface by a suitable
foaming agent.
At the manufacturer’s option, they shall be
submitted to a hydrostatic pressure test or to an air 7 Type tests
test, or to any other leaktightness test of equivalent
performance. 7.1 Longitudinal bending of pipes
When a hydrostatic pressure test is carried out, it The test shall be carried out on a pipe resting on two
shall be in the same way as for centrifugally cast supports 4 m apart (see Figure 1); the load shall be
pipes, (see 6.9.2). applied at mid-span by means of a loading block.
The two supports and the loading block shall have a
When an air test is carried out, it shall be with an
V shape of 120° and shall be covered with a sheet of
internal pressure of at least 1 bar and a visual
inspection time not less than 10 s; for leak detection, elastomer having a thickness of 10 mm ± 5 mm and
the castings shall be either uniformly coated on a hardness greater than or equal to 50 IRHD; their
width shall not exceed 100 mm. Before the test, the
their external surface by a suitable foaming agent or
pipe shall be immersed in water at ambient
submerged in water.
temperature for approximately 24 h.
In the first part of the test, the load shall be
increased steadily until the pipe is subjected to the
service bending moment given in Table 9, which is
kept constant for 10 min. The load shall then be
released and the pipe visually inspected.

Figure 1

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In the second part of the test, on the same pipe, the The service bending moments are calculated
load is steadily increased until the pipe is subjected with Rf = 250 MPa and the proof bending moments
with Rf = 420 MPa.
to the proof bending moment given in Table 9. The
rate of loading shall not exceed 2 kN/s. The proof 7.2 Diametral stiffness of pipes
load shall be applied for 1 min. The test shall be carried out on a pipe
Table 9 section 500 mm ± 20 mm long, cut from the pipe
DN Service bending Proof bending
barrel. The pipe section shall be placed on a support
moments moments approximately 200 mm wide and 600 mm long,
kN·m kN·m having a V shape with an angle between 170°
100 6,5 11 and 180° (see Figure 2). The load shall be applied at
the pipe crown through a loading beam
125 9,5 16 approximately 50 mm wide and 600 mm long. Both
150 13,5 23 the V support and the loading beam shall be covered
200 26 44 with a sheet of elastomer with a thickness
NOTE These bending moments, expressed in kilonewton of 10 mm ± 5 mm and a hardness greater than or
metres, are achieved by application of loads F of the same equal to 50 IRHD. Before the test, the pipe section
numerical value, expressed in kilonewtons. shall be immersed in water at ambient temperature
NOTE The bending moments are calculated by the formula. for approximately 24 h.
M = 0,25 × 10−6 Rf × D2 × e The load shall be increased steadily until it reaches
where: the test load corresponding to the minimum
diametral stiffness given in Table 10 and kept
M is the bending moment, in kilonewton metres;
constant for 1 min. The vertical deflection of the
Rf is the allowable stress in the pipe wall, in
megapascals;
pipe section shall be measured and the calculated
D is the mean pipe diameter (DE – e), in millimetres;
ovalization shall not exceed the allowable value
given in Table 10. In addition, the pipe section shall
DE is the nominal pipe external diameter, in millimetres;
be visually inspected in order to check that there is
e is the minimum pipe wall thickness, in millimetres.
no damage to the external and internal coatings
which can affect their function.

Figure 2

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The load shall then be increased until the vertical NOTE 3 The diametral stiffness S of a pipe is calculated by the
deflection reaches twice the value previously formula
measured. The load shall be kept constant for 1 min. E×I E e 3
S = 1 000 ------------- = 1 000 × ------  ----
3 12  D
Table 10 D
DN Minimum Test load F Allowable where:
diametral pipe
stiffness S ovalization S is the diametral stiffness, in kilonewtons per square
kN/m % metre;
kN/m2
E is the modulus of elasticity of the material, in
100 250 25,5 1,6 megapascals (170 000 MPa);
125 130 18,2 1,8 I is the second moment of area of the pipe wall per unit
length, in millimetres to the third power;
150 80 15,4 2,1
e is the wall thickness of the pipe, in millimetres;
200 60 17,3 2,4
D is the mean diameter of the pipe ( DE – e), in
250 54 21,6 2,7 millimetres;

300 47 24,8 3,0 DE is the nominal pipe external diameter, in millimetres.

350 36 22,8 3,1 7.3 Leaktightness of components for gravity

pipelines
400 30 22,2 3,2
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, inspection chambers and
450 26 22,2 3,3
manholes, equipped with appropriate end
500 22 21,5 3,4 restraints, shall be filled with water and suitably
600 18 22,2 3,6 vented of air. The internal hydrostatic pressure
shall then be raised to 2 bar and maintained
700 24 36,4 3,8 constant for at least 2 h, during which a visual
800 20 36,4 4,0 inspection for leak detection shall be carried out.
The test shall be carried out at ambient
900 18 36,8 4,0
temperature on coated products.
1 000 16 36,2 4,0 NOTE These type tests may be performed at the same time as
1 100 22 54,7 4,0 those described in 7.4 for joints.
7.4 Leaktightness of joints to positive internal
1 200 20 54,3 4,0
pressure
1 400 18 56,9 4,0
The test shall be carried out on an assembled joint
1 500 17 57,5 4,0 comprising two pipe sections, each at least 1 m long
1 600 17 61,3 4,0 (see Figure 3).
1 800 16 64,9 4,0 The test apparatus shall be capable of providing
suitable end and lateral restraints whether the joint
2 000 16 72,0 4,0 is in the aligned position, or deflected, or subjected
NOTE The values for S have been calculated assuming a pipe to a shear load. It shall be equipped with a pressure
wall thickness equal to the minimum thickness plus half the gauge with an accuracy of ± 3 %.
tolerance, in order to take account that there are only a few
points with a thickness equal or close to the minimum The vertical force W shall be applied to the spigot
thickness. end by means of a V shaped block with an angle
of 120°, located at approximately 0,5 × DN in
NOTE 1 The ovalization is 100 times the measured vertical
deflection in millimetres (caused by the applied load) divided by
millimetres or 200 mm from the socket face
the measured pipe external diameter in millimetres. (whichever is the largest); the socket shall bear on a
NOTE 2 The diametral stiffness, the vertical deflection and the flat support. The vertical force W shall be such that
applied load are linked by the following equation: the resultant shear force F across the joint is equal
S = 0,019 F---- to the value specified in 5.5.3.3 taking into account
Y the mass M of the pipe and its contents and the
where: geometry of the test assembly.
F × c – M ( c – b )-
W = -------------------------------------------
S is the diametral stiffness, in kilonewtons per square
metre; c–a
F is the applied load, in kilonewtons per metre length of where a, b and c are as shown in Figure 3.
pipe;
Y is the vertical deflection, in metres.

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 EN 598:1994
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Figure 3
The test assembly shall be filled with water and The test assembly shall be subjected to a vertical
suitably vented of air. The pressure shall be raised force W, equal to the shear force F defined in 5.5.3.3;
steadily until it reaches the test pressure given one half of this load shall be applied to the spigot
in 5.5.2; the rate of pressure increase shall not end on each side of the test assembly, by means of a
exceed 1 bar per s. The test pressure shall be kept V shaped block with an angle of 120°, located at
constant within ± 0,1 bar for at least 2 h during approximately 0,5 × DN in millimetres or 200 mm
which the joint is thoroughly inspected from the ends of the sockets, whichever is the
every 15 min. All necessary safety precautions largest; the sockets shall bear on a flat support.
should be taken for the duration of the pressure test. The test assembly shall then be filled with water
For a restrained joint, the test assembly, the test and suitably vented of air. The pressure shall be
apparatus and the test procedure shall be identical steadily increased until it reaches the test pressure
except that there shall be no end restraint, so that given in 5.5.2 and maintained constant
the axial thrust is taken by the restrained joint within ± 0,1 bar for at least 2 h during which the
under test. In addition, possible axial movement of internal side of the joint subjected to external
the spigot shall be measured every 15 min. pressure shall be thoroughly inspected
7.5 Leaktightness of joints to negative internal every 15 min.
pressure For a restrained joint, the test assembly, the test
apparatus and the test procedure shall be identical.
The test assembly and test apparatus shall be as
given in 7.4, with the pipe sections axially 7.7 Chemical resistance to effluents
restrained to prevent them moving towards each Two type tests shall be carried out on test
other, or as given in 7.6. assemblies (see Figure 5) comprising:
The test assembly shall be empty of water and shall — a pipe section with high alumina cement
be evacuated to a negative internal pressure mortar internal lining, including a socket with
of 0,9 bar (see 5.5.2) and then isolated from the epoxy-based internal coating. Before test, the
vacuum pump. The test assembly shall be left under pipe section shall be immersed in water at
vacuum for 2 h, at the end of which time the vacuum ambient temperature for approximately 24 h;
shall not have changed by more than 0,09 bar. The
— a spigot end of a fitting, epoxy coated;
test shall begin at a temperature between 15 °C
and 25 °C, which is then kept constant at ± 2 °C for — a rubber gasket.
the duration of the test. For a restrained joint, the The two test assemblies are positioned horizontally:
test assembly, the test apparatus and the test — the first one shall be filled to mid-height with
procedure shall be identical. a solution of sulfuric acid at pH 3;
7.6 Leaktightness of joints to positive external — the second one shall be filled to mid-height
pressure with a solution of sodium hydroxide at pH 13.
The test assembly shall comprise two joints made The pH shall be monitored in both cases and the
with two pipe sockets welded together and one solution shall be renewed as soon as the pH has
double-spigot piece (see Figure 4); it creates an changed by more than 0,3 from the initial value. The
annular chamber which allows the testing of one test temperature shall be 18 °C ± 2 °C.
joint to internal pressure and the other joint to
external pressure.

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At the end of the six month test period, the test The test material shall contain natural siliceous
assemblies shall be dismantled; the necessary gravel to reach a level of 38 mm ± 2 mm above the
observations and measurements shall be carried out invert with enough water to reach the same
on the high alumina cement mortar lining, on the level.The gravel particle size shall be between 2 mm
epoxy coatings and on the rubber gasket, to verify and 10 mm, with an average size of
compliance with 5.6. approximately 6 mm.
7.8 Abrasion resistance The pipe sample shall be fixed horizontally on a
testing device capable of inclining the sample
The test shall be carried out on a pipe
successively to an angle of plus 22,5° and
sample 1 000 mm ± 10 mm long, closed at both ends
after enclosing the test material; preferred sizes are minus 22,5° every 3 s to 5 s.
DN 200 and DN 400. The pipe sample shall be examined after 100 000
cycles; the depth of abrasion shall be the average
Before test, the pipe section, with high alumina
of 15 measurements taken every 50 mm
cement mortar lining, shall be immersed in water at
along 700 mm of the pipe invert, excluding 150 mm
ambient temperature for approximately 24 h.
at both ends.

Figure 4

Figure 5

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 EN 598:1994
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Figure 6

8 Quality assurance Table 11

DN External diameter DE Minimum iron
8.1 General thickness, e
The manufacturer shall demonstrate the conformity mm mm
of his products with this standard by: Nominal Tolerance
on diameter
— carrying out performance type tests (see 8.2);
and 100 118 + 1/ –2,8 2,5
125 144 + 1/ –2,8 2,5
— controlling the manufacturing process
(see 8.3). 150 170 + 1/ –2,9 2,5
200 222 + 1/ –3,0 3,0
8.2 Type tests
250 274 + 1/ –3,1 3,5
The type tests specified in clauses 5 and 7 of this 300 326 + 1/ –3,3 4,0
standard shall be carried out by the manufacturer
350 378 + 1/ –3,4 4,3
or at his request, by a competent testing institute in
order to demonstrate compliance with the 400 429 + 1/ –3,5 4,6
requirements of this standard. Full reports of these 450 480 + 1/ –3,6 4,9
type tests shall be retained by the manufacturer as 500 532 + 1/ –3,8 5,2
evidence of compliance. 600 635 + 1/ –4,0 5,8
8.3 Quality assurance system 700 738 + 1/ –4,3 7,6
The manufacturer shall control the quality of his 800 842 + 1/ –4,5 8,3
products during their manufacture by a system of 900 945 + 1/ –4,8 9,0
process control in order to comply with the technical 1 000 1 048 + 1/ –5,0 9,7
requirements of this standard. Wherever possible, 1 100 1 152 + 1/ –6,0 12,0
statistical sampling techniques should be used. 1 200 1 255 + 1/ –5,8 12,8
Consequently, the manufacturer’s quality 1 400 1 462 + 1/ –6,6 14,4
assurance system shall comply with the 1 500 1 565 + 1/ –7,0 15,1
requirements of EN 29002.
1 600 1 668 + 1/ –7,4 16,0
The manufacturer’s quality assurance system 1 800 1 875 + 1/ –8,2 17,6
should be approved by a third party certification
2 000 2 082 + 1/ –9,0 19,2
body who is accredited in accordance with
EN 45012. 9.2 Fittings for gravity sewers
9.2.1 Couplings
9 Tables of dimensions
9.1 Socket and spigot pipes
The dimensions of socket and spigot pipes shall be
as given in Table 11. The values of Lu are given
in Table 2. For external and internal coatings
see 4.4.
NOTE The values of DE and their tolerances, apply also to the
spigot ends of fittings (see 4.2.1.1).

Figure 7
The standardized DN are all those from DN 100 to
DN 1 200.

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9.2.2 Manhole connectors 9.2.5 Connection branches

The standardized DN are all those from DN 150 to
DN 1 200.

Figure 11
The standardized dn are all those from dn 150 to
dn 250 for connection to pipes from DN 200 to
Figure 8 DN 2 000. The type of end (socket or spigot) for
9.2.3 Double socket bends connection with different pipe materials shall be
given in the manufacturer’s catalogues, as well as
the angle of the branch and the shape of the hole to
be cut in the pipe (circular, square or rectangular).
9.2.6 Inspection tees

Figure 9
The standardized DN are all those from DN 100 to
DN 2 000. The angles a of the bends shall be given
in the manufacturer’s catalogues.
9.2.4 Angle branches Figure 12
The standardized DN are all those from DN 100 to
DN 400. The type of ends (socket or spigot) shall be
given in the manufacturer’s catalogues as well as
the shape and dimensions of the access branch.
9.2.7 Access traps

Figure 13
The standardized DN are all those from DN 150 to
DN 1 200. The shape and dimensions of the hole to
Figure 10
be cut in the pipe shall be given in the
The standardized DN are all those from DN 150 to manufacturer’s catalogues, as well as the method of
DN 500 for the body and from dn 100 to dn 250 for connection to the pipe.
the branch. The various combinations DN × dn, the 9.3 Fittings for pressure sewers and vacuum
types of ends (socket or spigot) and the angle a of the sewers
branch shall be given in the manufacturer’s
catalogues. The types and dimensions of fittings shall be those
given in EN 545.

24 © BSI 12-1998
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Annex A (informative) S is the pipe diametral stiffness, in

Field of use, characteristics of soils kilonewtons per square metre; see values
in Table 10;
Ductile iron pipelines supplied with external
f is the factor of lateral pressure (f = 0,061);
coatings complying with 4.4.2 and 4.5.2 may be
buried in contact with the majority of soils, except E´ is the modulus of soil reaction, in
those: kilonewtons per square metre.
— with a low resistivity, less than 1 500 ohms·cm The ovalization calculated by means of this formula
above the water table or less than 2 500 Ω·cm should not exceed the allowable ovalization shown
below the water table; in Table 10. The allowable ovalization increases
— with a low pH, below pH 6; with DN while remaining well below the value that
the internal cement mortar lining can withstand
— with contamination by certain wastes or without damage; in addition, it provides a safety
organic or industrial effluents. factor of 1,5 with respect to the elastic limit of
In such soils, and also in the occurrence of stray ductile iron in bending (500 MPa minimum) by
currents or corrosion cells due to external metallic limiting the stress in the pipe wall at 330 MPa;
structures, it is recommended that an additional finally, it is limited to 4 % for DN $ 800.
protection is used (polyethylene sleeving) or other C.1.2 Pressure from earth loading
types of external coatings as appropriate
The pressure Pe, uniformly distributed at the top of
(see 4.4.1 and 4.5.1).
the pipe over a distance equal to the external
Annex B (informative) diameter, is calculated following the earth prism
method by the formula below:
Field of use, characteristics of
effluents Pe = g × H
where:
Ductile iron pipelines supplied with the coatings
complying with 4.4.3, 4.5.2, 5.6 and 5.7, can be used
to transport all types of surface water and domestic Pe is the pressure from earth loading, in
effluents and certain types of industrial effluents, kilonewtons per square metre;
provided that they are not exposed to values below g is the unit weight of backfill, in kilonewtons
pH 4 or greater than pH 12. per cubic metre;
By agreement between manufacturer and H is the height of cover, in metres, that is the
purchaser, the use can be extended to special distance from the top of the pipe to the
applications, after consideration of other ground surface.
parameters such as temperature, nature of the main
aggressive substances, frequency of occurrence, etc. In the absence of other data, the unit weight of the
soil is taken as being equal to 20 kN/m3 in order to
Annex C (informative) cover the vast majority of cases. If a preliminary
geotechnical survey confirms that the actual unit
Calculation method for buried weight of the backfill will be less than 20 kN/m3, the
pipelines, permissible heights of cover actual value may be used for determining Pe. If,
C.1 Calculation however, it appears that the actual value will be
C.1.1 Calculation formula more than 20 kN/m3, the actual value should be
used.
The method is based on an ovalization calculation
according to the formula below: C.1.3 Pressure from traffic loading
The pressure Pt, uniformly distributed at the top of
100K ( P e + P t )
∆ = --------------------------------------
- the pipe over a distance equal to the external
8S + ( f × E9 ) diameter, is calculated by means of the formula
where: below:
b –4
∆ is the pipe ovalization, (%); P t = 40 ----- ( 1 – 2 × 10 DN )
H
K is the bedding factor;
Pe is the pressure from earth loading, in where:
kilonewtons per square metre;
Pt is the pressure from traffic loading, in Pt is the pressure from traffic loading in
kilonewtons per square metre; kilonewtons per square metre;
b is the traffic load factor.

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This formula is not valid for H < 0,3 m. In a given situation, the modulus of reaction which
Three types of traffic loading are to be considered: is required can be determined by means of the
formula below:
— traffic areas with main roads, b = 1,5: this is
the general case of all roads, except access roads; 4 000K b –4 8 S
E9 = ------------------- ----- ( 1 – 2 × 10 DN ) + 0,5 H – ---------
— traffic areas with access roads, b = 0,75: roads d × f H f
— where lorry traffic is prohibited; where:
— rural areas, b = 0,5: all other cases.
It should be noticed that all pipelines should be E9 is the modulus of soil reaction, in
designed for b = 0,5 even where they are not kilonewtons per square metre;
expected to be exposed to traffic loading. In addition, d is the allowable ovalization, in %.
pipelines laid in the verge and embankment of roads
should be designed to withstand the full traffic In Table C.1, values of E´ equal
loading expected on these roads. Finally, for to 1 000 kN/m2, 2 000 kN/m2 and 5 000 kN/m2 are
pipelines which may be exposed to particularly high taken as guidelines; they correspond to a
traffic loading, a factor ß = 2 should be adopted. compaction level which is respectively nil, low and
C.1.4 Bedding factor, K good. The value E´ = 0 has also been shown as the
limit case for unfavourable laying conditions in poor
The bedding factor K, depends upon the soil soils (no compaction, water table above the pipe,
pressure distribution at the top of the pipe (over a trench shoring removed after backfilling or
distance equal to the external diameter) and at the embankment conditions).
invert of the pipe (over a distance corresponding to
the theoretical bedding angle 2a. If a preliminary geotechnical survey allows the
determination of the value of the modulus of soil
K normally varies from 0,11 for 2a = 20° to 0,09 reaction, this value should be taken into account in
for 2a = 120°. The value of 20° corresponds to a pipe the calculations.
which is simply laid on the flat trench bottom, with
no compaction effort. C.2 Heights of cover
C.1.5 Factor of lateral pressure, f Table C.1 gives the most pessimistic range of values
of the allowable heights of cover for each group of
The factor of lateral pressure f, is equal to 0,061; this diameters. These values can be used without any
corresponds to a parabolic distribution of the lateral additional calculation; they are given in metres,
soil pressure over an angle of 100°, according to the with E´ in kilonewtons per square metre.
IOWA-Spangler model.
For heights of cover outside the ranges given
C.1.6 Modulus of soil reaction, E´ in Table C.1 and for better laying conditions, a
The modulus of soil reaction E´, depends upon the verification can be made using the formulae given
nature of soil used in the pipe zone and upon the in C.1.
laying conditions.
Table C.1
DN 100 to 300 350 to 450 500 to 2 000
K (2 a) 0,110 (20°) 0,105 (45°) 0,103 (60°)
ß = 0,75 E´ = 0 0,3 – 5,0 0,5 – 3,0 0,5 – 2,0
E´ = 1 000 0,3 – 6,0 0,4 – 4,0 0,4 – 3,5
E´ = 2 000 0,3 – 6,5 0,3 – 5,0 0,3 – 4,5
E´ = 5 000 0,3 – 8,5 0,3 – 8,05 0,3 – 8,0
ß = 1,50 E´ = 0 0,6 – 5,0 a a

E´ = 1 000 0,5 – 5,5 0,7 – 3,51 0,8 – 3,0

E´ = 2 000 0,5 – 6,5 0,6 – 5,0 0,6 – 4,5
E´ = 5 000 0,4 – 8,5 0,4 – 8,0 0,4 – 7,5
a
Not recommended: only a specific calculation for each case can provide an adequate answer.

26 © BSI 12-1998
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National annex NA (informative) NA.6 Performance requirements and type

Significant changes from BS 4772 tests
An important development in this standard is the
NA.1 General
introduction of a range of performance
This British Standard is one of the three new requirements and associated type tests not
application standards for ductile iron pipelines previously specified in BS 4772
which have been developed by CEN, the other (see clauses 5 and 7).
standards being BS EN 545 (water application) and
The most significant type test requirement concerns
BS EN 969 (gas supply). This standard replaces
leaktightness of joints when tested under positive
BS 4772:1988 in respect of sewerage applications,
and with the publication of all three application internal pressure, negative internal pressure and
standards as British Standards, BS 4772 will be positive external pressure, with the joint subject to
shear loading or angular deflection.
withdrawn.
These joint leaktightness type performance
This annex has been written to identify the most
requirements go significantly beyond the scope of
significant changes from BS 4772 that have been
BS 4772, which contains no specific joint
adopted in BS EN 598 and it is not intended to
contradict nor replace any of the clauses or performance requirements other than those for
provisions in BS EN 598. welded or screwed flange joints.
It should be noted that the joint type performance
NA.2 Internal coatings
qualification tests specified in this standard are of
In order to give adequate performance when relatively short duration (2 h), when considered in
operating under the wide range of effluent relation to the likely design service life of pipelines
characteristics specified in annex B, this standard constructed from such products. It is not expected
specifies special internal coatings not in the scope of that this would be a problem in respect of those joint
BS 4772, e.g. high alumina cement mortar for pipes types produced by European manufacturers over
and epoxy coating for fittings. Type tests are the past 10 years which have performed successfully
specified for chemical resistance (see 5.6 and 7.7) in service.
and abrasion resistance (see 5.7 and 7.8).
Pipe strength capability is type tested under
NA.3 Surface imperfections conditions of longitudinal bending and diametral
This standard requires that pipes, fittings and stiffness.
accessories have to be free from defects and surface Long-term performance of internal coating systems
imperfections which could result in non is demonstrated by type tests for chemical and
conformance to the technical requirements and abrasion resistance. Users should note that the
performance requirements given in clauses 4 and 5 standard does not specifically require the inspection
respectively. However, no quantitive guidance is of epoxy or polyurethane linings for holidays
given on the sizes or numbers of such surface (through-thickness defects), which is normally
imperfections. This is in contrast with BS 4772, carried out in the UK as a quality control check on
which specified the maximum permissible depths of such surface coatings. All lining materials should
surface imperfections on ductile iron pipes and conform to the relevant European Standards, where
fittings. these exist; if these are not available, they should
The only surface defect, the repair of which is clearly conform to ISO or national standards, or to a
unacceptable is one which penetrates the full wall technical specification (e.g. WIS 4-52-01) agreed
thickness of the pipe (see 4.12). between the manufacturer and the user.
NA.4 Pipeline fittings NA.7 Pipeline design
This standard introduces a special range of fittings The design calculation method given in annex C has
for gravity sewers (see 9.2), whilst for pressure been derived from existing methods, as a simplified
sewers the types of fittings can be selected from calculation procedure applicable to ductile iron
BS EN 545. pipeline installations.
NA.5 Polythylene sleeving Other calculation methods may also be used, at the
Where polyethylene (PE) sleeving is required for discretion of the pipeline designer, in order to
protection of buried ductile iron pipelines against provide a similarly high degree of security for the
external corrosion, it should be specified in pipeline during its operating life.
accordance with BS 6076. Guidance on the handling
and installation of PE sleeving is given in the Water
Industry Information and Guidance Notes
(IGN) 4-50-01 and 4-50-02.

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Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 13:35:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Work is currently being undertaken by f) Whether guidance is needed for jointing new
CEN/TC 164/165/JWG 1 to evaluate the principal products with existing pipelines or with other
calculation methods currently being used in the types of joints (see 4.1.3.3).
various European Union member states. Further g) Operating conditions for pipelines required to
design guidance will be given in the first edition of a operate at pressures exceeding 6 bar
European Standard currently being prepared by (see clause 1).
this JWG (Joint Working Group). The long term aim
h) Information on the details of inlets/outlets on
will be to provide harmonized calculation methods
manholes (see 4.2.8).
applicable to all of the major pipeline materials.
i) Details of any special effluent characteristics
NA.8 Information to be supplied by the
(see annex B).
purchaser
NA.9 Further information
The following information should be supplied by the
purchaser in his enquiry and order: For further information and guidance, reference can
be made to the following:
a) For socket and spigot pipes, the quantity, size
(DN), length (see Table 2), and type of joint. a) UK Water Industry information and guidance
notes1);
b) For flanged pipes, the quantity, size (DN),
flange rating (PN), length (see 4.2.5). IGN 4-21-01 Ductile iron pipes and fittings
c) For fittings, the quantity, size (DN), type of IGN 4-50-01 Operational guidelines for the loose
fitting and type of joint ends (including flange polyethylene sleeving of underground iron mains
rating where necessary). IGN 4-50-02 Operational guidelines for the
d) Where required, the quantity of transportation, handling and laying of ductile
pipes > DN 300 required to be suitable for cutting iron pipes with factory applied polyethylene
on site (see 4.2.1.1). sleeves
e) For pipes and fittings, identification of external b) Ductile Iron Pipe Committee, 8th Floor, Bridge
and internal coatings which are required House, Smallbrook, Queensway, Birmingham,
(see 4.1.1, 4.4.1 and 4.5.1). B5 4JP. Tel 0121 643 3377, Fax 0121 643 5064
c) The UK ductile iron pipe manufacturers.

1)
These publications may be obtained from WRc plc, Frankland Road, Blagrove, Swindon, SN5 8YF. Tel 01793 511711,
Fax 01793 511712.

28 © BSI 12-1998
 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 13:35:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

© BSI 12-1998
See national foreword.
List of references
BS EN 598:1995
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Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Jun 27 13:35:34 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

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