WELCOME TO OUR

PRESENTATION
COURSE: TEXTILE TESTING & QUALITY CONTROL - II
COURSE CODE: TE315
DEPARTMENT: B.S.C IN TEXTILE
DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
 TOPIC
HOW TO TEST ABSORBENCY OF A
FABRIC
 WHAT IS "ABSORBENCY"

• SBSORBENCY IS A MATERIALS ABILITY TO SOAK UP A LIQUID.

 WHAT IS ABSORBENCY IN TEXTILES?

• “THE ABILITY OF A TEXTILE MATERIAL TO ABSORB AND RETAIN LIQUIDS

WITHIN IT’S STRUCTURE.”

• “THE ABILITY OF A FIBER TO ABSORB AND HOLD WATER. THE ABILITY OF

A BONE DRY FIBER TO ABSORB MOISTURE IS CALLED MOISTURE
REGAIN. SOME FIBERS ADSORB MOISTURE, THAT IS, THE WATER IS
HELD ON THE SURFACE OF THE FIBER, INSTEAD OF BEING TAKING INTO
THE FIBER. WICKING IS WHEN ADSORBED MOISTURE TRAVELS ALONG
THE LENGTH OF THE FIBER, BUT IS NOT ABSORBED.”
 HOW DOES ABSORBENCY WORK
• ABSORBENCY HAS TWO COMPONENTS: CAPTURE AND HOLD

• 1) CAPTURE: THE ABILITY TO TRAP MOISTURE RAPIDLY AT THE SPEED IT IS

DELIVERED WITHOUT RUNOFF, AND

• 2) HOLD: THE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE A MATERIAL CAN HOLD WHEN SATURATED

(WETTED OUT) AND USED UNDER NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS.

• GOOD ABSORBENCY REQUIRES RAPID CAPTURE AND SUPERIOR HOLDING

CAPACITY.
 ABSORBENCY TEST

• A. IMMERSION TEST
• TEST: SAMPLE OF ( 1 X 1)CM2 SIZE IS CUT AND IT IS LEFT ON WATER SURFACE.
WITH THE HELP OF STOP WATCH, THE TIME OF THE FABRIC FOR IMMERSING IS
RECORDED.

THE STANDARD TIME OF IMMERSING IS 5SEC.

EXPT. SAMPLE IMMERSING TIME IS 4.75

ALSO MODERATE SCOURING.

 ABSORBENCY TEST
• B. (I) DROP TEST
IN A PIPET WATER IS TAKEN AND WATER DROP ARE DROPPED ON
THE SCOURED FABRIC AND THE ABSOR-PTION OF THE WATER DROP
IS OBSERVED VISUALLY.

THE STANDARD TIME FOR THE ABSORPTION OF ONE DROP IS 0.5-0.8

SEC UPTO 1 SEC.

EXPT. SAMPLE REQUIRE 6 SEC. I.E. NOT GOOD SCOURING

(II) SPOT TEST

IN A PIPETTE A SOLUTION OF 1% DIRECT RED (CONGO RED) IS
TAKEN AND DROPLET OF SOLUTION PUT ON THE DIFFERENT
PLACES OF THE FABRIC. THEN THE SHAPE OF THE ABSORPTION From Sample Spot uniform
AREA ON THE FABRIC IS OBSERVED. scouring can be said.
 ABSORBENCY TEST
C. COLUMN TEST / WICKING TEST:

• 18CM X 5 CM SAMPLE IS CUT FROM SCOURED SAMPLE

• IN A BEAKER 1% DIRECT DYE RED COLOR IS TAKEN
• AFTER THAT A MARKER IS DRAWN AT 1CM ABOVE FROM
THE SAMPLE BOTTOM.
• NOW THE SAMPLE IS HUNG FROM A WOOD STICK COLUMN TEST RESULT:
SUPPORTED BY IMMERSING THAT 1CM PORTION OF
STANDARD RANGE 30-50
FABRIC IN THE DYE LIQUOR
MM.
• THEN WE MEASURED THE POINT UPTO WHICH THE
COLORED SOLUTION IN ABSORBED STRAIGHT ABOVE WAY EXPT. SAMPLE AVERAGE
BY THE SAMPLE IN 5 MIN TIME. RANGE IS 30 MM
 ABSORBENCY TEST

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

• FOR SHORTAGE OF SCOURING TIME SOURING HAVE BEEN MEDIUM TO GOOD.

• AT LAST WE CAN SAY THAT, HOW TO ESTIMATE OF SCOURING EFFECT IS KNOWN

BY THIS EXPERIMENT. KNOWLEDGE IS GAINED FROM THIS EXPERIMENT WHICH
IS VERY HELPFUL IN OUR PRACTICAL LIFE. SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR TEACHER
WHO HAS BEEN HELP US TO COMPLETE THIS EXPERIMENT.
 ABSORBENCY TESTING

AATCC/ASTM TEST METHOD TS-018

• SCOPE: THIS TEST METHOD IS DESIGNED TO
MEASURE THE WATER ABSORBENCY OF TEXTILES BY
MEASURING THE TIME IT TAKES A DROP OF WATER
PLACED ON THE FABRIC SURFACE TO BE
COMPLETELY ABSORBED INTO THE FABRIC.

• SAMPLE IS PLACED OVER THE TOP OF A BEAKER SO

THAT THE CENTER IS UNSUPPORTED
• A MEASURED DROP OF WATER IS PLACED ON THE
FABRIC 1 CM FROM THE SURFACE
• TIME IS RECORDED UNTIL THE WATER DROP
ABSORBS COMPLETELY
 ABSORBENCY TESTING

AATCC TEST METHOD 79, ABSORBENCY OF TEXTILES

SCOPE: THIS TEST MEASURES A FABRICS PROPENSITY
TO TAKE UP WATER.

• SAMPLE IS PLACED IN AN EMBROIDERY HOOP WITH

ALL CREASES OUT OF IT
• A BURETTE DISPENSES A DROP OF WATER ONTO THE
SURFACE OF THE FABRIC FROM A DISTANCE OF
9.5MM BELOW THE BURETTE
• TIME IS RECORDED UNTIL THE WATER DROP
ABSORBS COMPLETELY
 COMPARE COTTON AND NYLON
ABSORBENCY ACTIVITY

• WHY ARE CERTAIN FABRIC FIBERS MORE ABSORBENT

THAN OTHERS? THE ANSWER HAS TO DO WITH THE
CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MOLECULAR REACTION AND
FLUID ABSORPTION THAT LIE IN THE COMBINATION OF
WATER AND DIFFERENT FABRICS. FOR EXAMPLE,
SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL FABRICS HAVE A DIFFERENT
ARRANGEMENT OF MOLECULES THAT REACT DIFFERENTLY
WHEN COMBINED WITH THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF
WATER. INVITE YOUR CHILD TO TEST THIS THEORY AND
THE POWER OF HER SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION AS SHE
COMPARES RATES OF LIQUID ABSORPTION WITH NYLON (A
SYNTHETIC MATERIAL) AND COTTON (A NATURAL FIBER).
 WHAT YOU NEED: WHAT YOU DO:
• HAVE YOUR CHILD POUR WATER INTO THE LARGE
• 12” SQUARE SAMPLES OF COTTON
GLASS UNTIL IT IS ¾ FULL.
AND NYLON
• ASK HIM TO SATURATE THE WOOL SAMPLE WITH
• 4 OZ GLASS WATER.
• 8 OZ GLASS • INVITE HIM TO PULL ONE CORNER OF THE COTTON
SAMPLE INTO THE SMALL GLASS, SO THAT IT IS
• WATER
RESTING ON THE RIM.
• THE EXPERIMENT SHOULD BE LEFT IN PLACE FOR
ABOUT 12 HOURS.
• ENCOURAGE YOUR CHILD TO OBSERVE WHAT HAS
OCCURRED. IF THE EXPERIMENT WENT AS PLANNED,
SOME OF THE WATER PROBABLY FLOWED FROM THE
LARGER GLASS INTO THE SMALLER GLASS.
• REPEAT STEPS 1 THROUGH 4 WITH THE NYLON
SAMPLE.
• ASK YOUR CHILD TO NOTICE THE RESULTS. WHICH
 WHAT'S HAPPENING?
WHAT HAS THIS EXPERIMENT TAUGHT YOUR CHILD ABOUT
THE PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC VERSUS NATURAL FIBERS?
NATURAL FIBERS TEND TO BE MORE ABSORBENT THAN
SYNTHETIC ONES. COTTON, FOR EXAMPLE, HAS MORE
NATURALLY OCCURRING PLACES THAT CAN FORM BONDS
WITH WATER MOLECULES. THIS MEANS THAT IT CAN ABSORB
A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF WATER, ABOUT 25 TIMES ITS
WEIGHT! NYLON, ON THE OTHER HAND IS NOT HYDROPHILIC
(A HIGHLY ABSORBENT FIBER), AND CAN ONLY HOLD ABOUT
10 PERCENT OF ITS WEIGH TIN WATER.
WATER ABSORPTION ASTM
D57

SCOPE:
WATER ABSORPTION IS USED TO DETERMINE
THE AMOUNT OF WATER ABSORBED UNDER
SPECIFIED CONDITIONS. FACTORS
AFFECTING WATER ABSORPTION INCLUDE:
TYPE OF PLASTIC, ADDITIVES USED,
TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF EXPOSURE.
THE DATA SHEDS LIGHT ON THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE MATERIALS IN
WATER OR HUMID ENVIRONMENTS.
 WATER ABSORPTION ASTM
D57

TEST PROCEDURE:

FOR THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST, THE SPECIMENS

ARE DRIED IN AN OVEN FOR A SPECIFIED TIME AND
TEMPERATURE AND THEN PLACED IN A DESICCATOR TO
COOL. IMMEDIATELY UPON COOLING THE SPECIMENS
ARE WEIGHED. THE MATERIAL IS THEN EMERGED IN
WATER AT AGREED UPON CONDITIONS, OFTEN 23°C FOR
24 HOURS OR UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM. SPECIMENS ARE
REMOVED, PATTED DRY WITH A LINT FREE CLOTH, AND
WEIGHED.
WATER ABSORPTION ASTM
D57

SPECIMEN SIZE:
TWO INCH DIAMETER DISKS, 0.125" OR 0.250" THICK.

DATA:
WATER ABSORPTION IS EXPRESSED AS INCREASE IN
WEIGHT PERCENT.
PERCENT WATER ABSORPTION = [(WET WEIGHT - DRY
WEIGHT)/ DRY WEIGHT] X 100

EQUIPMENT USED:
METTLER BALANCE
 WATER ABSORBENCY OF
TEXTILES TEST
PROCEDURE
METHOD:
JIS L1907 SECTION 7.1.5 -VERTICAL WICKING

TEST PROCEDURE

1. CUT 5 SPECIMENS IN EACH DIRECTION, ALL

MEASURING 200MM X 25MM.

2. FOLD EACH SPECIMEN END AND SECURE IT

ON A ROD OR PEN USING A NEEDLE OR A CLIP
 TEST PROCEDURE

3. PLACE THE ROD OVER THE OPENING OF A GLASS BOWL, SO

THE SPECIMEN HANGS IN THE BOWL WITHOUT TOUCHING THE BOTTOM.
 TEST PROCEDURE

4. FILL THE BOWL WITH WATER TILL THE SPECIMEN IS IMMERSED 20MM IN
THE WATER.
5. LEAVE THE SPECIMEN FOR 30 MINUTES.
 TEST PROCEDURE

6. AFTER 30 MINUTES MEASURE IF REACHING

HOW HIGH THE WATER HAS THE REQUIREMENT BEFORE 30
MOVED, STARTING 20MM FROM MINUTES IT IS OK TO
THE EDGE (THE POINT WHICH STOP THE TEST AND REPORT
WAS THE STARTING POINT FOR THE RESULT AS OK. THE
THE WICKING). AVERAGE
RESULT FROM THE
5 SPECIMEN IS THE FINAL
RESULT.
 PAPER TOWEL
WATER ABSORPTION TEST
• APPARATUS
• AT LEAST FOUR BRANDS OF ABSORBENT PAPER TOWEL
• A STOPWATCH
• A BEAKER
• A GRADUATED CYLINDER
• A FUNNEL
 PAPER TOWEL
WATER ABSORPTION TEST
METHOD
• FILL THE BEAKER UP WITH EXACTLY 200 ML OF WATER
• TAKE A SHEET OF THE FIRST BRAND OF TOWEL.
• FOLD AND INSERT INTO THE WATER. AS YOU DIP THE TOWEL INTO THE WATER, START
YOUR STOPWATCH.
• AFTER 20 SECONDS, REMOVE THE TOWEL FROM THE BEAKER AND SQUEEZE AS
MUCH WATER AS YOU CAN OUT OF THE TOWEL IN TO THE GRADUATED CYLINDER
USING THE FUNNEL. MAKE A NOTE OF THE VOLUME EXTRACTED
• REPEAT 5 TIMES FOR EACH BRAND AND NOTE THE RESULTS IN YOUR DATA TABLE.
YOU MUST MAKE SURE THAT EACH SHEET IS FOLDED IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY
FOR THE EXPERIMENT TO BE CONSTANT AND CORRECT.
• WRITE DOWN THE RESULTS FOR EACH BRAND IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.
 PAPER TOWEL
WATER ABSORPTION TEST

RESULTS
• WORK OUT AN AVERAGE FOR EACH RESULT AND WRITE DOWN IN A TABLE.
• PLOT ALL OF YOUR RESULTS ONTO A SIMPLE BAR GRAPH LIKE THE ONE BELOW;
YOU CAN DO THIS ON A COMPUTER OR YOU CAN USE GRAPH PAPER AND
PENCILS.
• THIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO SHOW WHICH BRAND OF PAPER TOWEL IS THE MOST
ABSORBENT AND WHICH IS TRULY AWFUL.
 TEST FABRIC FOR ABSORBENCY

PURPOSE
TO ENSURE THAT THE FABRIC CAN ABSORB WATER EASILY.
PRINTING PASTES ARE COMPOSED MAINLY OF WATER AND HENCE
IF THE FABRIC HAS A HIGH ABSORBENCY THE PASTE WILL FIX
BETTER. GOOD ABSORBENCY IS ALSO ONE INDICATOR (BUT NOT
THE ONLY ONE) THAT THE PREPARATORY PROCESS FOR PRINTING
(RFD) HAS BEEN DONE WELL. PRIOR TO PRINTING, ALL MATERIAL
SHOULD BE TESTED FOR ABSORBENCY. APPARATUS: NONE.
 TEST FABRIC FOR ABSORBENCY

TESTING PROCEDURE
ABSORBENCY CAN BE CHECKED BY DROPPING A SINGLE DROPLET
OF WATER ON THE FABRIC AND VISUALLY OBSERVING ITS
ABSORBENCY. A FABRIC WITH HIGH ABSORBENCY WILL
IMMEDIATELY ABSORB THE DROP OF WATER, WHICH SHOULD
SPREAD UNIFORMLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS. IN THE CASE OF LOW
ABSORBENCY IT MAY TAKE A FEW SECONDS. (THERE MAY ALSO BE
CASES WHERE THE FABRIC HAS BEEN TREATED, IN WHICH CASE
THE DROP OF WATER MAY NOT SPREAD AT ALL).
 REFERENCE
• HTTPS://THEWAZOODLEDOODLE.COM/2013/05/20/WHAT-IS-ABSORBENCY-IN-TEXTILES/
• HTTP://WWW.MANUFACTURINGSOLUTIONSCENTER.ORG/ABSORBENCY-TESTING.HTML

• HTTP://WWW.EDUCATION.COM/ACTIVITY/ARTICLE/COMPARE-ABSORBENCY-NATURAL-
SYNTHETIC-FABRICS/
• HTTP://WWW.INTERTEK.COM/POLYMERS/TESTLOPEDIA/WATER-ABSORPTION-ASTM-D570/
• HTTP://GARMENTSTECH.COM/WICKING-TEST-OR-FABRIC-WATER-REPELLENCY-TEST-OR-
WATER-ABSORBENCY-OF-TEXTILES-TEST-PROCEDURE/

• HTTP://WWW.HANDPRINTINGGUIDERAJASTHAN.IN/QUALITY-CONTROL-AND-SETTING-UP-
A-TESTING-FACILITY/SIMPLE-TEST-METHODS-RECOMMENDED-FOR-EVERY-HAND-PRINT-
MANUFACTURER/
• HTTP://TEXTILELEARNER.BLOGSPOT.COM/2014/04/ESTIMATION-OF-SCOURING-EFFECT-BY-
WEIGHT.HTML
IF ANY QUERY ASK US
 PRESENTED BY:
1. MD. HASMAT ALI ID: 142-23-3965
2. MD. NASIM UDDIN ID: 142-23-3966
3. MD. SADDAM HOSSAIN ID: 142-23-3981
4. FOYSAL KABIR ID: 142-23-3981
5. SAEID AHMED ID: 142-23-3984
6. MUSHFIQUR RAHMAN ID: 142-23-3985
7. SANJIB SARKAR ID: 142-23-3986
8. MD. KAMRUL HASAN ID: 091-23-1219