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The document discusses the Golden Ratio, also known as the Divine Proportion or Phi. Some key points: 1) The Golden Ratio is approximately 1.618 and is found in geometry by dividing a line into two parts where the longer part divided by the smaller part equals the whole divided by the longer part. 2) Mathematicians like Fibonacci, Plato, and Euclid studied the Golden Ratio, with Fibonacci linking it to the Fibonacci sequence where each term is the sum of the previous two. 3) Structures like the Great Pyramids and Parthenon as well as art like the Mona Lisa and The School of Athens incorporate the Golden Ratio's proportions. The

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93 views3 pages

MMW #1

The document discusses the Golden Ratio, also known as the Divine Proportion or Phi. Some key points: 1) The Golden Ratio is approximately 1.618 and is found in geometry by dividing a line into two parts where the longer part divided by the smaller part equals the whole divided by the longer part. 2) Mathematicians like Fibonacci, Plato, and Euclid studied the Golden Ratio, with Fibonacci linking it to the Fibonacci sequence where each term is the sum of the previous two. 3) Structures like the Great Pyramids and Parthenon as well as art like the Mona Lisa and The School of Athens incorporate the Golden Ratio's proportions. The

Uploaded by

Shane Aliyah S. Fermo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Golden Ratio

1) What is the value of the Golden Ratio?

1.61803398874989484820... (etc.)- Irrational Number

2) What is the Golden Ratio defined as?

A number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric figures such as the
pentagon, pentagram, decagon and dodecahedron. It is denoted phi, or sometimes tau.

PHI- in commemoration of the Greek sculptor Phidias (ca. 490-430 BC), who a number of art historians
claim made extensive use of the golden ratio in his works

It is found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal
to the whole length divided by the longer part. It is often symbolized using phi, after the 21st letter of the
Greek alphabet. In an equation form, it looks like this:

a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 …

3) What are some other names for the Golden Ratio (give at least four more)?

This number has been discovered and rediscovered many times, which is why it has so many names

 Golden Ratio
 Golden Number
 Golden Proportion
 Golden Mean
 Golden Section (sectio aurea )
 Divine Proportion
 Divine Section. (sectio divina)

4) Who discovered the Golden ratio?

It is unknown exactly when it was first discovered and applied by mankind. It is reasonable to assume that
it has perhaps been discovered and rediscovered throughout history, which explains why it goes under
several names.

5) When did this mathematician live and where is he from?


6) Name at least three more mathematicians that have researched and used the Golden Ratio.
State when they lived and where they are from.

 Phidias (500 B.C. - 432 B.C.) was a Greek sculptor and mathematician who is thought to have
applied phi to the design of sculptures for the Parthenon.
 Plato (428 B.C. - 347 B.C.) considered the Golden ratio to be the most universally binding of
mathematical relationships and the key to the physics of the cosmos.
 Euclid (365 B.C. - 300 B.C.) linked the Golden ratio to the construction of a pentagram.

 Johannes Kepler- German (1571–1630) proves that the golden ratio is the limit of the ratio of
consecutive Fibonacci numbers,[22] and describes the golden ratio as a "precious jewel":
"Geometry has two great treasures: one is the Theorem of Pythagoras, and the other the division
of a line into extreme and mean ratio; the first we may compare to a measure of gold, the second
we may name a precious jewel." These two treasures are combined in the Kepler triangle.

7) What structures have been built using the Golden Ratio (name at least three) and where are
they located?

1. Great Pyramids (Egypt)


2. Parthenon. (Greece)
3. Great Mosque of Kairouan (Tunisia) 2004

8) Name at least three pieces of art that use the golden ratio and state their artist.

The Golden ratio was used to achieve balance and beauty in many Renaissance paintings and
sculptures.

1. Da Vinci Last Supper, Vitruvian Man and the Mona Lisa.


2. Michelangelo’s painting of “The Creation of Adam”
3. Raphael’s “The School of Athens”

9) Where else can the Golden Ratio be found in the real world? (Give at least three examples.)

1. Spiral galaxies: The Milky Way has a number of spiral arms, each of which has a logarithmic spiral of
roughly 12 degrees. The shape of the spiral is identical to the Golden spiral, and the Golden rectangle
can be drawn over any spiral galaxy.

2.Hurricanes: Much like shells, hurricanes often display the Golden spiral.

3.Fingers: The length of our fingers, each section from the tip of the base to the wrist is larger than the
preceding one by roughly the ratio of phi.

4.DNA molecules: A DNA molecule measures 34 angstroms by 21 angstroms at each full cycle of the
double helix spiral. In the Fibonacci series, 34 and 21 are successive numbers.

Sources:

https://www.goldennumber.net/golden-ratio-history/

https://www.livescience.com/37704-phi-golden-ratio.html

http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GoldenRatio.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

https://www.goldennumber.net/golden-ratio/
1. What was Fibonnaci’s real name?
Fibbonaci means "Filius Bonacci" ("son of (the) Bonacci")
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (c. 1175 – c. 1250)
"greatest European mathematician of the middle ages"
Leonardo of Pisa
Fibonacci that gave us our decimal number system (Hindu-Arabic numbering system) which
replaced the Roman Numeral system. Liber Abaci (which means "The Book of Calculations")

2. Where was Fibonacci from?


Pisa, Italy Obtained his education in North Africa.
3. What years did he live in
4. What is the Fibonnaci Sequenxe? Describe how to get from one term to the next

In the Fibonacci sequence of numbers, each number is the sum of the previous two numbers.

5. What are the 1st 10 terms in the Fibonacci Sequence?


0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...

6. How is Fibonacci Sequnce related to the Golden Ratio?

When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci Numbers, their
ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio.

(1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377)

A B B/A
2 3 1.5 In fact, the bigger the
pair of Fibonacci
3 5 1.666666666...
Numbers, the closer
5 8 1.6 the approximation
8 13 1.625
144 233 1.618055556...
233 377 1.618025751...

7. What is the Fibonacci Spiral or the Golden Spiral? How is it drawn?

8. Where can the Fibonnacci Spiral be found in the real world?


The Fibonacci Sequence defines the curvature of naturally occurring spirals, such as snail
shells and even the pattern of seeds in flowering plants.

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