PERSPECTIVE

FLOOR PLANS:
ELEVATIONS:
ROOF FRAMING PLAN:
FLOOR FRAMING PLAN:
A. DESIGN OF PURLINS

PURLIN 1
Given:
Bay distance= 3.5m
Span of truss= 12m
Spacing= 0.60m
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
3500
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 9.72 mm.

Solution:
LOADINGS:
Weight of Roof (W) = 1.2(0.60) =0.72 kN/m
Wind Load (D) = 0.40(0.60) =0.06 kN/m
Roof Live Load (L) = 1.6(0.6) =0.96 kN/m
(D+L) = 0.06 + 0.96 =1.02 KN/m
Normal and Tangential Components:
N = (D+L)cosθ + W
N= (1.02)cos(14.04+0.72) =1.71 kN/m
T = (D+L)sinθ
T= (1.02)sin(14.04)=0.25 kN/m

1.71Kn/m 0.25Kn/m

(1.71)(3.5)2 (0.25)(3.5)2
MN = = 2.62kN/m MT = = 0.38 kN/m
8 8

M = 2.62 + 0.38 =3kN-m

From the table Lauan 80% stress grade:

Fb = 13.9MPa
Fv = 1.48MPa
E = 5830MPa
S = 0.41

Trial section:
d
Let: b = 2
6M
bd2 = Fb
 3 12M
d = √ Fb

3 12(3)(106 )
d= √ 13.9

d = 137.32mm say 150mm

b= 68.66mm say 75mm
Try 125mm x 225mm (5” x 9”)
Weight of Purlin = (0.125) (0.225) (9.81) (0.41) =0.113 kN/m
D= (0.113 + 0.06) = 0.173 kN/m
L= 0.96 kN/m
W= 0.72 kN/m
D+L= 0.173 + 0.96 = 1.133 kN/m
N = (D+L)cosθ + W
N = (1.133)cos(14.04 + 0.72)
N = 1.82 kN/m
T = (D+L)sinθ
T= (1.133)sin(14.04)
T=0.27 kN/m

Check for Adjustments

Slenderness:

led
Cs = √ b2 but le = 1.92 lu

le=1.92(3.5)
(1.92)(3.50)(0.225)
Cs = √ (0.0.125)2

Cs = 9.84 < 10
E
Ck = 0.811√Fb

5830
Ck = 0.811√ 13.9
Ck = 16.61 ˃ Cs
∴ 10 ˂ Cs ˂ Ck
1 Cs 4
F ′ b = Fb[1 − 3 (Ck) ]
1 11.59
Fˈb = 13.69[1 − 3 (16.61)6 ]

F′b = 12.81MPa
Maximum MN and Maximum MT :
WN L2
MN = 8
1.79(3.5)²
MN = = 2.74kN˗m
8

𝑊𝑇 𝐿2
MT = 8

0.27(3.5)2
MT = = 0.41kN˗m
8

For Bending Stress:

6MN
𝑓𝑏𝑁 = bd2

6(2.74)(106 )
𝑓𝑏𝑁 = (100)(200)2
= 4.11𝑀𝑃𝑎
6MT
f𝑏𝑇 = b2 d
(6)(0.41)(106 )
𝑓𝑏𝑇 = (100)2 (200)
= 1.23𝑀𝑃𝑎

fb = f𝑏𝑁 + f𝑏𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 4.11 + 1.23 = 5.34𝑀𝑃𝑎
5.34MPa < 12.81MPa
𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ b SAFE!
Check for Shearing Stress:
𝑊𝑁 𝐿
𝑓𝑣𝑁 = 2
(2.74)(3.50)
𝑓𝑣𝑁 = = 4.795𝑘𝑁
2
WT L
𝑓𝑣𝑇 = 2
(0.41)(3.50)
𝑓𝑣𝑇 = = 0.7175kN
2
fvT = √(𝑉𝑁 )2 + (𝑉𝑇 )2

𝑓𝑣 = √(4.795)2 + (0.7175)2 = 4.848kN

3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑡
3(0.4.848)(10)3
𝑓𝑣 = 2(100)(200)

fv = 0.36MPa
0.36MPa < 1.48MPa
𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 Safe!

Check for Deflection:

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √𝛿𝑁 2 + 𝛿𝑇 2

5𝑊𝑁 𝐿4
𝛿𝑁 = 384𝐸𝐼

5(1.82)(3500)4
𝛿𝑁 = 1
384(5830)( )(125)(225)3
12

𝛿𝑁 = 5.14mm.
5𝑊𝑇 𝐿4
𝛿𝑇 = 384𝐸𝐼

5(0.27)(3500)4
𝛿𝑇 = 1
384(5830)( )(125)3 (225)
12

𝛿𝑇 = 2.47mm.

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √𝛿𝑁 2 + 𝛿𝑇 2

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5.14mm + 2.47mm

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.61mm.
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 SAFE!
Therefore, Use 125 mm x 225 mm section for Purlin 1.
PURLIN 2
Given:
Bay Distance = 2m
Span = 6m
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
2000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 5.55mm.
1.5
tan 𝜃 =
3

𝜃 = 26.57°
Solution:
LOADINGS:
Weight of Roof (Wp) = 1.2(0.60) =0.72 kN/m
Wind Load (D) = 0.40(0.60) =0.06 kN/m
Roof Live Load (L) = 1.6(0.6) =0.96 kN/m
(D+L) = 0.06 + 0.96 =1.02 KN/m
Normal and Tangential Components:
N = (D+L)cosθ + W
N= (1.02)cos(26.57+0.72)
N= 1.63 kN/m
T = (D+L)sinθ
T= (1.02)sin(26.57)
T = 0.46KN/m

1.63Kn/m 0.46Kn/m

(1.63)(2)2 0.46(2)2
𝑀𝑇 = 𝑀𝑇 =
8 8
MN = 0.815 kN˗m MT = 0.23 kN˗m
𝑀 = 0.815 + 0.23 = 1.045𝐾𝑁˗𝑚
From the table Lauan 80% stress grade:
Fb = 13.9MPa
Fv = 1.48MPa
E = 5830MPa
S = 0.41

Trial Section:
d
Let b = 2
6M
bd2 = Fb

3 12(1.045)(106 )
𝑑=√ 13.9

d = 96.63mm say 100mm

b = 48.51mm say 50mm
Try 100m x 150mm
Wp = (0.1)(0.15)(9.81)(0.41) = 0.06KN/m
D = (0.06 + 0.06) = 0.06KN/m
L = 0.96KN/m
W = 0.72KN/m
D + L = 1.08KN/m
N = 1.08 cos(26.57 + 0.72)
N = 1.686KN/m
T = 1.08 sin(26.57) = 0.48KN/m
Check for Adjustments
Slenderness:

led
Cs = √ b2
 (1.92)(2)(0.15)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.1)2

𝐶𝑠 = 7.59 < 10
∴ Fb = 13.69 MPa
Maximum MN and Maximum MT :
1.686(2)2
Mn = = 0.843KN˗m
8

0.48(2)2
Mt = = 0.24KN˗m
8

For Bending Stress:

6MN
𝑓𝑏𝑁 = bd2

6(0.843)(10)6
𝑓𝑏𝑛 = = 2.248MPa
(100)(150)2

6(0.24)(10)6
𝑓𝑏𝑛 = = 0.96MPa
(100)2 (150)

𝑓𝑏 = 2.248 + 0.96 = 3.208𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ b SAFE!
For Shearing Stress:
𝑊𝑁 𝐿
𝑓𝑣𝑁 = 2
(1.686)(2)
𝑓𝑣𝑛 = = 1.686KN
2
(0.48)(2)
𝑓𝑣𝑡 = = 0.48KN
2

𝑓𝑣 = √(1.6)2 + (0.48)2 = 1.75KN

3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑡
3(1.75)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 =
2(100)(150)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.175𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑣 < Fv SAFE!

Check for Deflection:

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √𝛿𝑁 2 + 𝛿𝑇 2
 5𝑊𝑁 𝐿4
𝛿𝑁 = 384𝐸𝐼

5(1.686)(2000)4
𝛿𝑛 = 1
384(5830)( )(100)(1503 )
12

𝛿𝑛 = 2.14 mm
5(0.48)(200004
𝛿𝑡 = 1
348(5830)( )(1003 )(150)
12

𝛿𝑡 = 1.37mm

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √2.142 + 1.372

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.37 mm
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 SAFE!
Therefore, Use 100 mm x 150 mm section for Purlin 2.
 A. DESIGN OF TRUSS
Live load = (1.6)(0.6)(2) = 1.92KN
Dead load = (0.1)(0.6)(2) = 0.12KN
Purlin weight = (0.113)(2) = 0.226KN
Wind load = (1.2)(0.6)(2) = 1.44KN
Total = 1.92 + 0.12 + 0.226 + 1.44 cos(26.57) = 3.554KN
3.554
Applied = = 1.777KN
2
√(3)2 + (1.5)2
No. of Purlins = = 5.59 ≅ 6 purlins
0.6

ΣMb = 0
FG(0.75) + 10.662(0.5) = 7.108KN
ΣFV = 0
BC sin(26.57) − BG sin(26.57) = 10.662KN
ΣFH = 0
BC cos(26.57) − BG cos(26.57) = 7.108KN
−10.662
BC − BG = = −23.837KN
sin(26.57)
 −7.108
BC + BG = = −7.947KN
cos(26.57)
BC = −15.8KN
BG = 7.97KN
P = 15.98
le = 1.75(1.0)
P 15.8(103 )
A= = = 845.21mm2
FC 18.8
d = √845.21 = 49.07mm say 50mm

Try 50mm x 50mm

Where:

A = 2500mm2
C′ = 0.8
d = 50mm
K ce = 0.3
le = 1.75(1.0)
Fc ∗= 18.8MPa
KceE
Fce = le
( )2
d

(0.3)(5830)
Fce =
1750 2
( )
50
Fce = 1.43MPa

𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 2 𝐹𝑐𝑒

1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐 ∗
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐′
[ ]
 1.43 1.43 1.43
1 + 18.8 √ 1 + 18.8
F′c = 18.8 [ − ( )2 − 18.8 ]
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8

F′c = 1.40MPa
P = (2500)(1.4)
P = 3.5KN < 15.89KN

Try 75mm x 75mm

Where:

A = 5625mm2
c′ = 0.8
d = 75mm
k CE = 0.3
le = .75(1.0) = 1.75 m
Fc = 18.8MPa
KceE
Fce = le
( )2
d

(0.3)(5830)
FCE = = 3.21MPa
1750 2
( )
75
2
𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒
1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
F′c = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]
3.21 3.21 3.21
1 + 18.8 √ 1 + 18.8
F′c = 18.8 [ − ( ) − 18.8 ] = 2.98𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8

𝑃 = 5.656(2.98)
P = 16.67𝐾𝑁 > 15.89KN
USE 75mm x 75mm

LL = (1.6)(0.6)(3.5) = 3.36KN
DL = (0.1)(0.6)(3.5) = 0.21KN
WL = (1.2)(0.6)(3.5) = 2.52KN
TL = 3.36 + 0.21 + 0.40 + 2.52 cos(14.04) = 6.41KN
6.41
AL = = 3.21KN
2
√(6)2 + (1.5)2
No. of Purlins = = 10.3 say 10 purlins
0.6

ΣMb = o
FG(0.75) + (32.1)(2) = 86.5KN
ΣFv = 0
BC sin(14.04) − BG sin(14.04) = −32.1KN

ΣFv = 0
BC cos(14.04) − BG cos(14.04) = 86.5KN
−32.1
BC − BG = sin(14.04) = −132.32KN
 −86.5
BC + BG = = −89.16KN
cos(14.040
BC = −110.74KN
BG = 21.58KN

P = 110.74KN
le = 1.75(1.0)
110.74(103 )
A= = 5890.43mm2
18.8
d = 76.75mm say 100mm

try 100mm x 100mm

Where:

A = 10000mm2
c′ = 0.8
d = 100mm
K ce = 0.3
le = 1.75(1.0)
Fc ∗= 18.8MPa
KceE
Fce = le
( )2
d

(0.3)(5830)
Fce =
1750 2
( 100 )

Fce = 5.71MPa
2
𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒
1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
F′c = 𝐹𝑐 ∗
− √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]
 5.71 5.71 3.21
1 + 18.8 √ 1 + 18.8
F′c = 18.8 [ − ( )2 − 18.8 ]
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8

F′c = 5.37MPa
P = (10)(5.37)
P = 53.7KN < 110.74KN

Try 125mm x 125mm

A = (125)2 = 15625mm2
c′ = 0.8
d = 125mm
K ce = 0.3
le = 1.75(1.0)
Fc ∗= 18.8MPa
KceE
Fce = le
( )2
d

(0.3)(5830)
Fce = = 8.92MPa
1750 2
( )
125
2
𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒
1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
F′c = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]
8.92 8.92 8.92
1 + 18.8 √ 1 + 18.8
′
F c = 18.8 [ − ( ) − 18.8 ]
2
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8

F ′ c = 7.77MPa
P = (15.625)(7.77)
P = 121.36KN > 110.74KN

USE 125mm x 125mm

 D. DESIGN OF THE FLOOR JOISTS

FOR FLOOR JOIST (A)

(Area: 3.90 m. x 4.50 m.)
Using 25mm. thick of Plywood
Loadings:
Wieght of Plywood = 0.025(4.022)
Wt of Plywood = 0.101 kN/m
Partitions = 0.90 kPa
Ceiling = 0.20 kPa
Live Loads = 2.4 kPa
W= (WD + WL)(spacing)
WT = (0.101 + 0.90 + 0.2 + 2.4)(0.30)
WT = 1.08 kN/m

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

(1.08)(4.50)2
𝑀= 8

𝑀 = 2.734 kN ∙ m
𝑤𝐿
𝑉= 2
(1.08)(4.50)
𝑉= 2

𝑉 = 2.43 kN

Trial section:
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ≤ 𝐹𝑏
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

d (6)(2.734)(106 )
(2)d2 = 13.9

𝑑 = 133.14mm
𝑏 = 66.57mm
Try 100mm x 225mm (4” x 9”)
Wt of joist = (0.100)(0.225)(4.022)
Wj = 0.09 kN/m

𝑊𝑇 = 1.08 + 0.09
𝑊𝑇 = 1.17 kN/m
Maximum and Shear and Moment:
𝑤𝐿
𝑉𝑇 = 2
(1.17)(4.5)
𝑉𝑇 = 2

𝑉𝑇 = 2.63 kN
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

(1.17)(4.5)2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

𝑀𝑇 = 2.96 kN/m

Verify flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(2.96)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (100)(225)2

𝑓𝑏 = 3.51 MPa

Check for Adjustments

Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)𝑙𝑢

𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(4.5)
(8.64)(0.225)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.10)2
𝑙𝑒 = 8.64 m

𝐶𝑠 = 13.94 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
 1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 13.94 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 (16.61) ]

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 11.60 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!

For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(2.63)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(100)(225)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.17 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For Deflection:
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
4500
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 12.5 mm
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
384𝐸𝑙
(5)(1.17)(4500)4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(100)(225)3
12

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11.29 mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!

Therefore, Use 100 mm x 225 mm section for Joists A.

FOR FLOOR JOIST (B)
(Area: 3.90 m. x 4.00 m.)
Using 25mm. thick of Plywood
Loadings:
Wieght of Plywood = 0.025(4.022)
Wt of Plywood = 0.101 kN/m
Partitions = 0.90 kPa
Ceiling = 0.20 kPa
Live Loads = 2.4 kPa
WT = (0.101 + 0.90 + 0.2 + 2.4)(0.30)
WT = 1.08 kN/m

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

(1.08)(4)2
𝑀= 8

𝑀 = 2.16 kN ∙ m
𝑤𝐿
𝑉= 2
(1.08)(4)
𝑉= 2

𝑉 = 2.16 kN
Trial section:
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ≤ 𝐹𝑏
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(2.16)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 123.09 mm
b = 61.54 mm
Try 100mm x 225mm
Wt. of joist = (0.10)(0.20)(4.022)
Wj = 0.08 kN/m

WT = 1.08 + 0.08
WT = 1.16 kN/m

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿
VT = 2

(1.16)(4)
VT =
2
VT = 2.32 kN
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

(1.16)(4)2
𝑀𝑇 =
8
𝑀𝑇 = 2.32 kN ∙ m

Verify Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(2.32)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (100)(200)2

𝑓𝑏 = 3.48 MPa
Check for Adjustment
Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)𝑙𝑢

𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(4.0)
𝑙𝑒 = 7.68 m

(7.68)(0.2)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.1)2
𝐶𝑠 = 12.39 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 12.39 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − ( ) ]
3 16.61

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 12.47MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 Safe!
For Shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(2.32)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(100)(211)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.174 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : Safe!
For Deflection:
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
4000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 11.1 mm
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 384𝐸𝑙
(5)(1.16)(4000)4
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(100)(200)3
12

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 9.95 mm
δmax < δall : Safe!
Therefore, Use 100 mm x 200 mm section for Joists B.
FOR FLOOR JOIST (C)
(Area: 3.00 m. x 4.50 m.)
Using 25mm. thick of Plywood
Loadings:
Wieght of Plywood = 0.025(4.022)
Wt of Plywood = 0.101 kN/m
Partitions = 0.90 kPa
Ceiling = 0.20 kPa
Live Loads = 2.4 kPa
WT = (0.101 + 0.90 + 0.2 + 2.4)(0.30)
WT = 1.08 kN/m

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

(1.08)(4.50)2
𝑀= 8

𝑀 = 2.734 kN ∙ m
𝑤𝐿
𝑉= 2
(1.08)(4.50)
𝑉= 2

𝑉 = 2.43 kN
Trial section:
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ≤ 𝐹𝑏
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2
d (6)(2.734)(106 )
(2)d2 = 13.9

𝑑 = 133.14mm
𝑏 = 66.57mm
Try 100mm x 225 (4” x 9”)
Wt of joist = (0.100)(0.225)(4.022)
Wj = 0.09 kN/m

𝑊𝑇 = 1.08 + 0.09
𝑊𝑇 = 1.17 kN/m
Maximum and Shear and Moment:
𝑤𝐿
𝑉𝑇 = 2
(1.17)(4.5)
𝑉𝑇 = 2

𝑉𝑇 = 2.63 kN
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

(1.17)(4.5)2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

𝑀𝑇 = 2.96 kN/m

Verify flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(2.96)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (100)(225)2

𝑓𝑏 = 3.51 MPa

Check for Adjustments

Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)𝑙𝑢

𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(4.5)
 𝑙𝑒 = 8.64 m
(8.64)(0.225)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.10)2

𝐶𝑠 = 13.94 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 13.94 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 (16.61) ]

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 11.60 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!

For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(2.63)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(100)(225)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.17 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For Deflection:
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
4500
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 12.5 mm
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
384𝐸𝑙
 (5)(1.17)(4500)4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(100)(225)3
12

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11.29 mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 100 mm x 225 mm section for Joists C.

FOR FLOOR JOIST (D)

(Area: 3.00 m. x 4.00 m.)
Using 25mm. thick of Plywood
Loadings:
Wieght of Plywood = 0.025(4.022)
Wt of Plywood = 0.101 kN/m
Partitions = 0.90 kPa
Ceiling = 0.20 kPa
Live Loads = 2.4 kPa
WT = (0.101 + 0.90 + 0.2 + 2.4)(0.30)
WT = 1.08 kN/m

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

(1.08)(4)2
𝑀= 8

𝑀 = 2.16 kN ∙ m
𝑤𝐿
𝑉= 2
(1.08)(4)
𝑉= 2

𝑉 = 2.16 kN
Trial section:
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ≤ 𝐹𝑏
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(2.16)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 123.09 mm
b = 61.54 mm
Try 100mm x 225mm

Wt. of joist = (0.10)(0.20)(4.022)

Wj = 0.08 kN/m
WT = 1.08 + 0.08
WT = 1.16 kN/m

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿
VT =
2

(1.16)(4)
VT =
2
VT = 2.32 kN
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

(1.16)(4)2
𝑀𝑇 =
8
𝑀𝑇 = 2.32 kN ∙ m

Verify Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(2.32)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (100)(200)2

𝑓𝑏 = 3.48 MPa
Check for Adjustments
Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)𝑙𝑢

𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(4.0)
𝑙𝑒 = 7.68 m

(7.68)(0.2)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.1)2

𝐶𝑠 = 12.39 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 12.39 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 (16.61) ]

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 12.47MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!

For Shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(2.32)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(100)(211)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.174 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For Deflection:
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
 4000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 11.1 mm
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 384𝐸𝑙
(5)(1.16)(4000)4
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(100)(200)3
12

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 9.95 mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 100 mm x 200 mm section for Joists D.

FOR FLOOR JOIST (E)

(Area: 3.00 m. x 2.00 m.)
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= 8

(1.08)(2)2
M= 8

M = 0.54 kN ∙ m
𝑤𝐿
𝑉= 2
(1.08)(2)
V= 2

V = 1.08 kN
Trial Section:
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 ≤ 𝐹𝑏
6𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(0.54)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 77.549 mm
b = 38.764 mm
Try 50mm x 125mm
Wt of joist = (0.05)(0.225)(4.022)
Wj = 0.025 kN/m

WT = 1.08 + 0.025
WT = 1.105 kN/m
Maximum and Shear and Moment:
𝑤𝐿
𝑉𝑇 = 2
(1.105)(2)
𝑉𝑇 = 2

𝑉𝑇 = 1.105 kN
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑇 = 8

(1.105)(2)2
𝑀𝑇 =
8
𝑀𝑇 = 0.553 kN ∙ m

For Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀𝑇
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(0.553)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (50)(125)2

𝑓𝑏 = 4.247 MPa
Check for Adjustments
Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)𝑙𝑢

𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(2)
𝑙𝑒 = 3.84 m
(3.84)(0.125)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.5)2

𝐶𝑠 = 13.86 > 10
 𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 13.86 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 (16.61) ]

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 11.654 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!

For Shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(1.105)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(50)(125)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.265 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

FOR DEFLECTION:
𝐿
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360
2000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 5.556 mm
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 384𝐸𝑙
(5)(1.105)(2000)4
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(50)(125)
12

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4.852 mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 50 mm x 125 mm section for Joists E.
D. DESIGN OF THE GIRDERS

Trial section:
6𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑏=
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(2.074)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 121.43 mm
b = 60.71 mm

Try 75mm × 200mm

Wt of girder = (0.075)(0.2)(4.022)
𝑊𝑔 = 0.06 kN/m

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = 2
 (0.06)(3)
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = 2

𝑉𝑤𝑔 = 0.9 kN

𝑉𝑇 = 2.68 + 0.6 = 3.089 kN

𝑤𝐿2 (0.6)(3)2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.225
8 8
𝑀𝑇 = 2.074 + 0.225 = 2.299 kN ∙ m

𝑭𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(3)(2.299)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (2)(75)(200)2

𝑓𝑏 = 12.31 MPa
Check for adjustments
Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(3) = 3.84𝑚
𝑏2

(3.84)(0.2)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.075)2

𝐶𝑠 = 11.68 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − ( )4 ]
3 𝐶𝑘

′
1 11.68 4
𝐹 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − ( ) ]
3 16.61

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 12.767𝑀𝑃𝑎
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!
For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(3.084)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(75)(200)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.309 MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣: SAFE!

For deflections:
3000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360

𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 8.33 mm
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝛿𝑤𝑡
Using Conjugate beam:

1 1 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸𝑙 {(2) (0.30)(0.747) [(3) (0.30) + 1.2] + (0.747)(0.3)(1.05) +
1 1
(2) (0.58)(0.30) [(3) (0.30) + 0.9] + (1.327)(0.3)(0.75) +
1 1
(2) (0.415)(0.30) [(3) (0.30) + 0.6] + (1.742)(0.30)(0.45) +
1 1
(2) (0.249)(0.30) [(3) (0.30) + 0.3] + (1.991)(0.30)(0.15) +
1 1
(2) (0.083)(0.30) [(3) (0.30)] − (2.053)(1.5)}

1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = [1.928]
𝐸𝑙
 1
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝐸𝑙 [1.928]

1.928(10)12
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 1
5830( )(100)(225)3
2

𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 3.78mm
5(0.06)(3000)4
𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 1
384(5830)( )(100)(225)3
2

𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 0.124mm
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.78 + 0.124
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.90mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 75 mm x 200mm section for Girder 1.
Trial section:
6𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(8.70)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 195.84mm
b = 97.92mm
Try 100mm × 275mm
𝑊𝑔 = (0.10)(0.275)(4.022)

𝑊𝑔 = 0.111 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿
𝑉𝑤𝑔 =
2
 (0.111)(3)
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = 2

𝑉𝑤𝑔 = 0.167

𝑉𝑇 = 10.44 + 0.167 = 10.607 kN

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = 8

(0.111)(3)2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = 8

𝑀𝑤𝑔 = 0.125

𝑀𝑇 = 8.70 + 0.125 = 8.825 kN ∙ m

For Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2

(6)(8.825)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = (100)(275)2

𝑓𝑏 = 7 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚
Check for adjustments
Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(3) = 3.84𝑚

(3.84)(0.275)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.075)2

𝐶𝑠 = 10.276 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 10.276 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 ( 16.61 ) ]
F ′ b = 13.22MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!

For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇

(3)(10.607)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = (2)(100)(275)

𝑓𝑣 = 0.579MPa
Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For deflections:
𝐿 3000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360 = = 8.33
360

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝛿𝑤𝑡

Using conjugate method:

1 1 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = {( ) (3.132)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 1.2] + (3.132)(0.3)(1.05)
𝐸𝑙 2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (2.436)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.9] + (5.568)(0.3)(0.75)
2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (1.74)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.6] + (7.308)(0.30)(0.45)
2 3
1 1 1
+ ( ) (1.044)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.3] + (0.348) [( ) (0.30)]
2 3 3
− (8.613)(1.5)}
 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸𝑙 [7.216]

(7.216)(10)12
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 1 = 7.14 mm
(5830)( )(100)(275)3
12

(3)(0.111)(3000)4
𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 1 = 0.116 mm
(384)(5830)( )(100)(275)3
12

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.14 + 0.116 = 7.256mm

δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 100 mm x 275mm section for Girder 2.
Trial section:
6𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(11.10)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 212.40mm
b = 106.20mm
Try 125mm × 300mm
𝑊𝑔 = (0.125)(0.300)(4.022) = 0.151kN/m

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿 (0.151)(3)
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.227kN
2 2

VT = 13.32 + 0.227 = 13.547kN

 𝑤𝐿2 (0.151)(3)2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.17 kN ∙ m
8 8

𝑀𝑇 = 11.10 + 0.17 = 11.27 kN ∙ m

For Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀 (6)(11.27)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 = = 6.01MPa
(125)(300)2

Check for adjustments

Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = (1.92)(3) = 5.76𝑚

(5.76)(0.3)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.125)2

𝐶𝑠 = 10.516 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 10.516 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 ( 16.61 ) ]

F ′ b = 13.156MPa
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!
For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉 (3)(13.547)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇 = (2)(125)(300)
= 0.542𝑀𝑃𝑎

Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For deflections:
𝐿 3000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360 = = 8.33
360

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝛿𝑤𝑡

Using conjugate method:

1 1 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = {( ) (3.996)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 1.2] + (3.996)(0.3)(1.05)
𝐸𝑙 2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (3.108)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.9] + (7.104)(0.3)(0.75)
2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (2.22)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.6] + (9.324)(0.30)(0.45)
2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (1.332)(0.30) [( ) (0.30) + 0.3] + (10.656)(0.30)(0.15)
2 3
1 1
+ ( ) (0.444)(0.30) [( ) (0.30)] − (12.787)(1.5)}
2 3
1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = [12.301]
𝐸𝑙
(12.301)(10)12
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 1 = 7.50mm
(5830)( )(125)(300)3
12

(5)(1.151)(3000)4
𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 1 = 0.097mm
(384)(5830)( )(125)(300)3
12

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 7.50 + 0.097 = 7.597mm

δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 125 mm x 300mm section for Girder 3.
Trial section:
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(18.648)(106 )
( )𝑑 2 =
2 13.9
d = 252.50mm
b = 126.25mm
Try 150mm × 325mm

𝑊𝑔 = (0.150)(0.325)(4.022) = 0.196 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿 (0.196)(3.9)
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.382𝐾𝑁
2 2

𝑉𝑇 = 17.76 + 0.382 = 18.142𝐾𝑁

 𝑤𝐿2 (0.196)(3.9)2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = = = 1.491𝐾𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
8 8

𝑀𝑇 = 18.648 + 1.491 = 20.139𝐾𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

For Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
6𝑀 (6)(20.139)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 = = 7.627 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚
(150)(325)2

Check for adjustments

Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = 1.92𝑙𝑛 = (1.92)(3.9) = 7.488m

(7.488)(0.325)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.150)2

𝐶𝑠 = 10.4 > 10

𝐸
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√𝐹𝑏

5830
𝐶𝑘 = 0.811√ 13.9

𝐶𝑘 = 16.61
1 𝐶𝑠
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 𝐹𝑏 [1 − 3 (𝐶𝑘)4 ]

1 10.4 4
𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.9 [1 − 3 (16.61) ]

𝐹 ′ 𝑏 = 13.188𝑀𝑃𝑎
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑏 SAFE!
For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉 (3)(18.142)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇 = (2)(150)(325)
= 0.558MPa

Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For deflections:
𝐿 3900
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 10.83
360 360
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝛿𝑤𝑡
Using conjugate method:

1 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = {(18.648)(0.075) + (0.888) [( ) (0.30) + 0.15] + (17.76)(0.15 + 0.15)
𝐸𝑙 3
1
+ (1.776) [( ) (0.30) + 0.45] + (15.984)(0.15 + 0.15)
3
1
+ (2.664) [( ) (0.30) + 0.75] + (13.320)(0.15 + 0.75)
3
1
+ (3.552) [( ) (0.30) + 1.05] + (9.768)(0.15 + 1.05)
3
1
+ (4.44) [( ) (0.30) + 1.35] + (5.328)(0.15 + 1.35)
3
1
+ (5.328) [( ) (0.30) + 1.65] − (24.242)(1.95)}
3
1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = [24.0567]
𝐸𝑙
(24.057)(10)12
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 1
(5830)( )(150)(325)3
12

𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 9.616𝑀𝑃𝑎
(5)(0.196)(3900)4
𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(150)(325)3
12

𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 0.236
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.616 + 0.236
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.852mm
δmax < δall : SAFE!
Therefore, Use 150mm x 325mm section for Girder 4.
Trial section:
𝐺𝑀 𝑑
𝑏𝑑2 = ; 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑏 =
𝐹𝑏 2

𝑑 (6)(14.616)(106 )
( 2 )𝑑2 = 13.9

d = 232.81mm
b = 116.40mm
Try 150mm × 300mm

𝑊𝑔 = (0.150)(0.30)(4.022) = 0.181 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚

Maximum and Shear and Moment:

𝑤𝐿 (0.181)(3.9)
𝑉𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.35𝐾𝑁
2 2

𝑉𝑇 = 13.92 + 0.35 = 4.872𝐾𝑁

 𝑤𝐿2 (0.181)(3.9)2
𝑀𝑤𝑔 = = = 0.344𝐾𝑁 ∙ 𝑚
8 8

𝑀𝑇 = 14.616 + 0.34 = 14.956𝐾𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

For Flexure: 𝒇𝒃 ≤ 𝑭𝒃
𝐺𝑀 (6)(14.956)(106 )
𝑓𝑏 = 𝑏𝑑2 = = 6.65𝑀𝑃𝑎
(150)(300)2

Check for adjustments

Slenderness:

𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝑠 = √ 𝑏2 ; 𝑙𝑒 = 1.92𝑙𝑛 = (1.92)(3.9) = 7.488𝑚

(7.488)(0.3)
𝐶𝑠 = √ (0.150)2

𝐶𝑠 = 9.992 < 10
∴ 𝐹𝑏 = 13.9𝑀𝑃𝑎
Since 𝑓𝑏 < 𝐹𝑏 SAFE!
For shear: 𝒇𝒗 ≤ 𝑭𝒗
3𝑉 (3)(4.872)(103 )
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑𝑇 = (2)(150)(300)
= 0.16𝑀𝑃𝑎

Since 𝑓𝑣 < 𝐹𝑣 : SAFE!

For deflections:
𝐿 3900
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 360 = = 10.83mm
360

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 + 𝛿𝑤𝑡

Using conjugate method:
 1 1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸𝑙 {(14.616)(0.075) + (0.696) [(3) (0.30) + 0.15] + (13.920)(0.15 + 0.15) +
1 1
(1.392) [( ) (0.30) + 0.45] + (12.528)(0.15 + 0.45) + (2.088) [( ) (0.30) + 0.75] +
3 3
1
(10.440)(0.15 + 0.75) + (2.784) [( ) (0.30) + 1.05] + (7.656)(0.15 + 1.05) +
3
1 1
(3.48) [( ) (0.30) + 1.35] + (4.176)(0.15 + 1.35) + (4.176) [( ) (0.30) + 1.65] +
3 3
(19.00)(1.95)}
1
M𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝐸𝑙 [18.856]
(18.856)(10)12
𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 1
(5830)( )(150)(300)3
12

𝛿𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 9.58mm
(5)(0.181)(3900)4
𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 1
(384)(5830)( )(150)(300)3
12

𝛿𝑤𝑡 = 0.28 mm

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.58 + 0.28

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.86mm

δmax < δall : SAFE!

Therefore, Use 150mm x 300mm section for Girder 5.
 E. DESIGN OF COLUMNS

6.20m

From the table of Lauan 80% stress grade:

𝐹𝑐 = 18.8𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐸 = 5830𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑃 = 52.97 + 0.398 = 53.37𝐾𝑁

53.27(103 )
𝐴= = 2838.83𝑚𝑚2
18.8
𝑑 = √2838.83 = 53.28𝑚𝑚

Try 75mm x 75mm

Where:
𝐴 = 5625𝑚𝑚²
𝐾𝑐𝑒 = 0.3
𝐹𝑐 ∗= 18.8𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐶ˈ = 0.8
𝑙𝑒 = 6.2(1.0) = 6.2𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 75𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑐𝑒𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒
( )2
𝑑

(0.3)(5830)
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 6200 2
( )
75
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 0.26𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 2 𝐹𝑐𝑒

1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]

0.26 0.26 2 0.26

1 + 18.8
1 + 18.8
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 18.8 − √( ) − 0.8
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8
[ ]
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 0.25𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = (5.625)(0.25)
𝑃 = 1.40𝐾𝑁 < 53.37𝐾𝑁
Therefore: Use 75 mm x 75 mm Column dimension

Try 150mm x 150mm

Where:

𝐴 = 22500𝑚𝑚²
𝐾𝑐𝑒 = 0.3
𝐹𝑐 ∗= 18.8𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐶ˈ = 0.8
𝑙𝑒 = 6.2(1.0) = 6.2𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 150𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑐𝑒𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒
( )2
𝑑

(0.3)(5830)
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = = 1.02𝑀𝑃𝑎
6200 2
( )
150

𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 2 𝐹𝑐𝑒

1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]
 1.02 1.02 2 1.02
1 + 18.8
1 + 18.8
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 18.8 − √( ) − 0.8
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8
[ ]
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 1.02MPa
P = (22.5)(1.01) = 22.79KN > 53.37KN
Therefore: Use 150 mm x 150 mm Column dimension

Try 175mm x 175mm

Where:
𝐴 = 30625𝑚𝑚²
𝐾𝑐𝑒 = 0.3
𝐹𝑐 ∗= 18.8𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐶ˈ = 0.8
𝑙𝑒 = 6.2(1.0) = 6.2𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 175𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑐𝑒𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒
( )2
𝑑

(0.3)(5830)
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 6200 2
( )
175

𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 1.39𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 2 𝐹𝑐𝑒

1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ ∗
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐′
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐
[ ]

1.39 1.39 2 1.39

1 + 18.8
1 + 18.8
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 18.8 − √( ) − 0.8
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8
[ ]
𝐹′𝑐 = 1.38𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = (30.625)(1.38)
𝑃 = 42.26𝐾𝑁 < 53.37𝐾𝑁
Therefore: Use 175 mm x 175 mm Column dimension

Try 200mm x 200mm

Where:

𝐴 = 40000𝑚𝑚²
𝐾𝑐𝑒 = 0.3
𝐹𝑐 ∗= 18.8𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐶ˈ = 0.8
𝑙𝑒 = 6.2(1.0) = 6.2𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 200𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑐𝑒𝐸
𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒
( )2
𝑑

(0.3)(5830)
𝐹𝑐𝑒 =
6200 2
( 200 )

𝐹𝑐𝑒 = 1.82𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐹𝑐𝑒 𝐹𝑐𝑒 2 𝐹𝑐𝑒

1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗ 1 + 𝐹𝑐 ∗
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐 ∗ − √( ) − 𝐹𝑐 ∗
2𝑐 ′ 2𝑐 ′ 𝑐′
[ ]

1.82 1.82 2 1.82

1 + 18.8 1 + 18.8
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 18.8 − √( ) − 0.8
2(0.8) 2(0.8) 0.8
[ ]
𝐹ˈ𝑐 = 1.78𝑀𝑃𝑎
P = (40.000)(1.78)
P = 71.25 kN < 53.37 kN
Therefore: Use 200 mm x 200 mm Column dimension