Advanced VMware Workstation and

VM Remote Control
Lecture

SUS08
Novell Training Services www.novell.com

AT T L I V E 2 0 1 2 L A S V E G A S

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 Contents

SECTION 1: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control 4

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

SUS08: Advanced VMware

Workstation and VM Remote
Control

Doc Hodges
Demo Systems Team
Novell Online Demo System (NODS)

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Short History of VMware Inc.

Palo Alto California

• Founded 1998 by Diane Greene, Mendel Rosenblum,

Edward Wang and Edouard Bugnion.
• Type 1 and 2 hypervisors grew into GSX and
Workstation
• Workstation – May 1999
• GSX and ESX - 2001
• Virtual Center – 2003
• Acquired by EMC in 2004 for 625 million
• Diane Greene replaced by Paul Maritz in 2008

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Acquisition History of VMware Inc.

Acquisitions

• 2006 – Akimbi Systems – Software Lifecycle Management

• 2008 - B-Hive Networks – Application Management - Israel R&D
• 2008 – Tungsten Graphics – 3D Graphics driver
• 2009 – SpringSource – Web App Development and Management
• 2010 – Zimbra – Open Source Collaboration
• 2010 - GemStone (SmallTalk)– working under Zimbra
• 2010 – TriCipher – Identity/Access Management SaaS
• 2010 – Integren - Performance Management and Op Efficiency
• 2011 – SlideRocket – Online Presentation Tools
• 2011 – Shavlik Technologies – vCenter Update and GO
• 2011 – Digital Fuel – IT and Business Management SaaS

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Product set

• VMware vFabric GemFire
• DATACENTER & CLOUD • Heartbeat
INFRASTRUCTURE • VMware vFabric Hyperic
• VMware vSphere • VMware vCenter Orchestrator
• VMware vFabric RabbitMQ
• VMware Go
• VMware vCenter Capacity IQ
• VMware vFabric SQLFire
• vSphere Storage Appliance (VSA)
• VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager • VMware vFabric tc Server
• VMware vCloud Product Family

• VMware vCloud Director • VMware vCenter Lab Manager • VMware vFabric Web Server
• VMware Cloud Infrastructure
• VMware vCenter Configuration Manager • APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
• SMB PRODUCTS

• VMware vSphere for SMBs • VMware vCenter Converter • VMware vFabric Application
• VMware vSphere Storage Appliance • IT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Performance Manager
• VMware Go • VMware vFabric Application Director
• VMware IT Business Management Suite
• VMware vCenter Protect Essentials Plus
• VMware vCenter Application Discovery
• VMware vCenter Protect Update Catalog • VMware vCenter Chargeback Manager
• MAC PRODUCTS
Manager
• VMware Service Manager
• VMware Fusion • VMware vCenter AppSpeed
• SECURITY PRODUCTS
• DESKTOP & END-USER COMPUTING • VMware Studio
• VMware View • VMware vShield Product Family
• OTHER
• VMware ThinApp
• VMware vShield App
• VMware Workstation • Volume Purchasing Program
• VMware Zimbra • VMware vShield App with Data Security • VMware VMmark
• VMware SlideRocket • VMware vShield Edge • VMware Capacity Planner
• VMware Horizon Application Manager
• VMware vShield Endpoint • Cisco Nexus 1000V
• VMware Mobile Virtualization Platform (MVP)

• INFRASTRUCTURE & OPERATIONS • FREE PRODUCTS • VMware Compliance Checker for PCI
MANAGEMENT • VMware vSphere Hypervisor • VMware Compliance Checker for
• VMware vCenter Operations Management
Suite • VMware Server vSphere
• VMware vCenter Product Family • SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for
• VMware Player
• VMware vCenter Infrastructure Navigator VMware
• VMware vCenter Server • APPLICATION PLATFORM
• FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS
• VMware vFabric Product Family • VMware vCloud Integration Manager
• VMware vFabric Data Director

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Inc. Fun Facts

• Annual revenue growth 32% year over year
• ~ 3.77 billion sales 2011 – up 32% over 2010
• 4.5 billion cash - currently
• 2.71 billion unearned revenue – 2011
• 11,000 employees
• ~ $342,000 revenue per employee
• ~31 customer accounts per employee

• How does this compare to your workplace?

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation
• Shipping version 8 on Windows/Linux
• Shipping version 4 on Mac (Fusion)
‒ Fusion is the same code base but a very different product team
• Some tools have changed names
‒ Bookmarks, snapshot, linked clones
‒ VMware GSX, Server, died June 2011
> Features live on in Workstation, VIX, ESXi etc
• Some great ideas are tested on Workstation
• Live migration in ESX worked in Workstation first as
background restore
• Not the “glamour group” at VMware

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation - Advanced

• The structure of a vmware disk

‒ Appears to the guest VM as a physical disk with partitions etc

attached to SCSI or IDE controller

VMware

Physical disk
on SCSI 1

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation - Advanced

• The structure of a VMware disk

‒ The disk is actually a collection of files

DiskFile.vmdk
VMware DiskFile-s001.vmdk
DiskFile-s002.vmdk

Physical disk
on SCSI 1

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation - Advanced

• The structure of a vmware disk
‒ A file or files on the host
‒ Appears to the guest VM as a physical disk
‒ Can be full size right away or expandable
‒ Can be one file or many
‒ We will work with Type 1, expandable, split into 2GB files
• Type 1 disks allow easy manipulation
• Type 1 split disks expose all the goodies in an editable
text file..

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation - Advanced

• The structure of a VMware disk

‒ Snapshots create linked sets of files DiskFile.vmdk

DiskFile-s001.vmdk
DiskFile-s002.vmdk

VMware Snapshot

Physical disk
on SCSI 1 DiskFile-cl1.vmdk
DiskFile--cl1-s001.vmdk
DiskFile--cl1-s002.vmdk

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation - Advanced

• The structure of a VMware disk

‒ Snapshots create linked sets of files MyDisk.vmdk

MyDisk-s001.vmdk
MyDisk-s002.vmdk

VMware Snapshot

Physical disk
on SCSI 1 MyDisk-cl1.vmdk

Contains....

parentFileNameHint="/var/opt/novell/nods/MyDisk.vmdk"

Being able to change the path is important.

If the path is different, writing to base and shrinking etc is forbidden

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation – VMDK example

• Type 1 disks have one or more ~2k text file that defines disk
• MyDisk.vmdk
‒ # Disk DescriptorFile
‒ version=1
‒ encoding="windows-1252"
‒ CID=d215b934
‒ parentCID=65ae1fdc
‒ parentFileNameHint="/var/opt/novell/nods/vmbases/MyDisk.vmdk"
‒ # Extent description
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s001.vmdk"
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s002.vmdk"
‒ ddb.longContentID = "0d501a1aa1c7e220f131a896d215b934"

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation – VMDK example

• Type 1 disks have one or more ~2k text file that defines disk
These GUIDs tell parents and
• MyDisk.vmdk children if they are the right files.
‒ # Disk DescriptorFile When a file set it written to,
‒ version=1 this number changes.
‒ encoding="windows-1252"
‒ CID=d215b934
‒ parentCID=65ae1fdc
‒ parentFileNameHint="/var/opt/novell/nods/vmbases/MyDisk.vmdk"
‒ # Extent description
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyDisk-cl2-s001.vmdk"
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyDisk-cl2-s002.vmdk"
‒ ddb.longContentID = "0d501a1aa1c7e220f131a896d215b934"

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VMware Workstation – VMDK example

• Type 1 disks have one or more ~2k text file that defines disk
• MyBigDisk.vmdk
‒ # Disk DescriptorFile All linked clones will have a line like this.
The base file will not. If this path is not
‒ version=1
the current path, VMware will not write
‒ encoding="windows-1252" to the parent
‒ CID=d215b934
‒ parentCID=65ae1fdc
‒ parentFileNameHint="/var/opt/novell/nods/vmbases/MyBigDisk.vmdk"
‒ # Extent description
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s001.vmdk"
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s002.vmdk"
‒ ddb.longContentID = "0d501a1aa1c7e220f131a896d215b934"

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VMware Workstation – VMDK example

• Type 1 disks have one or more ~2k text file that defines disk
• MyBigDisk.vmdk
‒ # Disk DescriptorFile
‒ version=1 These files hold the actual disk data
‒ encoding="windows-1252"
‒ CID=d215b934
‒ parentCID=65ae1fdc
‒ parentFileNameHint="/var/opt/novell/nods/vmbases/MyBigDisk.vmdk"
‒ # Extent description
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s001.vmdk"
‒ RW 4192256 SPARSE "MyBigDisk-cl2-s002.vmdk"
‒ ddb.longContentID = "0d501a1aa1c7e220f131a896d215b934"

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Creating a “base” library

• Why? If you have 5 VMs of 10GB each = 50GB

• If you have a 5GB base shared you use 30GB
or you can run 9 VMs in the space of 5
• At NetIQ/Novell/SuSE we save 10TB SAN with this
• Copying the VM without the base is faster too
• Bases can be remote. One base can be shared with
dozens of servers and hundreds of linked clones.
> * Once a disk has a snapshot or clone, you cannot “shrink” it

• Exercise 1- Create a linked clone

‒ Make a copy of the linked clone making 2VMs with one base

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Advanced networking concepts

• NAT, Bridge and Host-Only can be used in combination

‒ The # assigned by default doesn't mean anything
‒ You can delete vmnet8 and make vmnet1 a NAT
‒ Consider using a non-standard vmnet, like 5 to limit the possibility
of clashing when sharing
‒ The network config is in /etc/vmware/vmnetX, not the vmx file
‒ The vmx file says which vmnets to use, not how they work
‒ We rely on NAT for development and demo, bridge for production

‒ The $64,000 question “Moved or Copied”

> To keep you from running two VMs with the same MAC, VMware will make a new
MAC if you choose “Copied”

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Moved or Copied
• What happens if I choose Moved?
‒ Nothing – the MAC is unchanged
• What happens if I choose Copied?
‒ A random MAC is added to the VMX
‒ Many OSs will see the MAC change as a new NIC
> May refuse to use it – often silently
• What happens if I lied?
‒ Running two VMs at the same can cause IP conflicts, kernel panic,
router failure, martians and all manner of bad behavior
• You could change the bios in the vmx to get a new mac
• uuid.bios="56 4d 33 65 61 09 c1 9b-12 57 e9 0c 8a d9 c5 23"

• * Boot the VM and check the NIC – some don't like the change *

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

vmrun command – your keys to the engine

vmrun is a command line tool that can:

• Start, stop, suspend and list running VMs

• Run, list and kill programs inside the guest VM

• Install vmware tools to the guest

• Copy files into and out of the guest

• List, make, delete and restore snapshots

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

vmware-vdiskmanager
vmware-vdiskmanager is a command line tool that can:

• Create, expand, defragment, and rename disks

• Convert between types like monoliths and 2GB splits

• Change adapter type from IDE to SCSI and between SCSI types

• Prepare disk for shrinking and shrink it

• Clone drives – IE Converting is really a copy to a new disk name with

changes made while copying

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Hosting copies of the same VM

NATS=Magic

NAT

Guest 1 VMnet 1

NAT

VMnet 2 Host
Running
VMware
Guest 2

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Hosting copies of the same VM

Can I use the same IP/MAC on two VMs on the same
host at the same time? No, No, No (well, yes)
‒ Use a Linux host and NAT network
‒ Add this to the VMX file
> ethernet0.ignoreMACAddressConflict="true"
‒ Then use a different vmnets with the same IP
‒ Even though the MACs will be the same, the MAC of the vmware
NAT, the packet source, will be unique.
‒ Technically this is unsupported. We've used it in production for
many years.

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Hosting copies of the same VM

NATS=Magic

NAT

172.17.2.100
172.17.2.2

NAT

Host
172.17.2.2 Running
VMware
172.17.2.100
> Adding this to each VMX file allows this to work
> ethernet0.ignoreMACAddressConflict="true"

> Exercise 2 – create copies of the VM that share a base

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Creating port forward

• If you have identical VMs on 172.17.2.100, can the outside world
use both web servers? No, No, No (well yes)
• Using NAT vmnets and the lines in /etc/vmware/vmnet1/nat/natd.conf
• [incomingtcp]
• 5824 = 172.17.2.100:80

• In this case any traffic hitting the host server on port 5824 will be
sent to 172.17.2.100:80

• You can create many vmnets with the same IP address and each
can have many port forwards.
> The outside number (5824) changes

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Creating port forwards

137.65.1.50:5824

NAT 1

172.17.2.2
172.17.2.100:80

NAT 2

Host
172.17.2.2 Running
172.17.2.100:80 VMware

> Adding this to /etc/vmware/vmnet1/nat/natd.conf

> [incomingtcp]
> 5824 = 172.17.2.100:80

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Restarting a single vmnet

• With several VMs running, restarting one net can be hard
• Various tools have come and gone but here is a sure fire way

• ps ax | grep vmnet2 (Returns the lines used to start vmnet2)

• 28243 /usr/bin/vmnet-dhcpd -cf /etc/vmware/vmnet2/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf -lf /etc/vmware/vmnet2/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases -pf
/var/run/vmnet-dhcpd-vmnet2.pid vmnet2
• 28245 /usr/bin/vmnet-natd -m /etc/vmware/vmnet2/nat.mac -c /etc/vmware/vmnet2/nat/nat.conf
• 28250 /usr/bin/vmnet-netifup -d /var/run/vmnet-netifup-vmnet2.pid /dev/vmnet2 vmnet2

• Kill -9 28243 28245 28250

• Copy and paste each of the 3 lines with a space and & on the end

• /usr/bin/vmnet-netifup -d /var/run/vmnet-netifup-vmnet2.pid /dev/vmnet2 vmnet2 &

‒ Exercise 3 – Add a port forward to port 80 in your VM on vmnet1 and restart only
vmnet1

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Remote Control
• With more VMs you will need easier access

• Good remote control is like having dozens of machines at

your fingertips

• Firewalls take longer to adjust than VMs do – consider

setting up a range for your VMs and then keep them all in the
range.

• Newer firewalls will not only check the port but the type
‒ IE – Running VNC on port 80 often fails the “HTML” test

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Remote Control Options

• We'll use the VNC basics in this class but there are
many great free/cheap solutions
• Logmein – free and html based. Your VM connects to
their website and you access their site on 80/433
> Free for home – fee for commercial
> Can be run inside guest VM or on host

• FreeNX/NoMachine – ssh based port 22, free clients for

all platforms, server Linux only
‒ Free Open Source Server for Linux or paid with support
‒ Fast and full color -
• Many more available

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VNC server on the host

• Allows you to view the VMware Workstation GUI as well as other
host desktop programs
• Free in most forms but a few commercial supported versions
available
• Easy to start
‒ vncserver :5 -geometry 1024x768
‒ VNC uses ports starting at 5900 so :5 is really 5905
‒ :0 is reserved for the current desktop user – session numbers are
actually X session numbers. Each session is an X session.
‒ A web port is also opened at 5800+port = 5805
» Switches to 5905 after the session starts

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Anatomy of VM remote Control

• The key is knowing where the X session is...

Bob VM 1
X session in VMware Host Running VMware
And maybe in OS too
Bob – X session with VMware

VMware usually requires an X session

This X shows you the Workstation GUI

Workstation can also export each VM in a

VNC X session
Bob VM 2
X session in VMware The port for each VM's session can be
And maybe in OS too assigned in the VMX

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

VNC Lab
• Exercise 4
‒ Start a vnc server session on your first VM
‒ Connect to it with your second VM
‒ Configure remote control in VMware GUI (which is VNC) on the
second VM and connect from the first

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

sanbarrow.com
• The resource for everything, known and unknown, about VMware
• The author, Continuum is a primary contributor to the VMware forums
• Read carefully, backup, be careful. There are staggeringly powerful
things here and they can be dangerous.

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

Summary
• VMware Workstation is highly scriptable and can handle
multiple users and sessions.

• By using shared bases you can create multiple copies of VM

with a fraction is the space of full copies.

• Linux is the most configurable host but most of these

features can be done on other platforms.

• vmrun and vmware-vdiskmanager are powerful tools that can

extend your control of VMs.

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

LAB 1-1: Start, Suspend, Snapshot

and Clone VMs from the CLI
Summary: In this exercise, you use the vmrun
command to start, suspend, snapshot and clone VMs
from the command line.

Special Instructions
Use the following values in the exercise:
(none)

Duration: ? min.

lab
machine

Lab Notes:

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

LAB 1-2: Make Two Copies of a

Cloned VM
Summary: In this exercise, you make two copies of a
cloned VM.

Special Instructions
Use the following values in the exercise:
(none)

Duration: ? min.

lab
machine

Lab Notes:

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

LAB 1-3: Virtual Network

Manipulation
Summary: In this exercise, you forward network ports
in to a VM and restart individual virtual networks.

Special Instructions
Use the following values in the exercise:
(none)

Duration: ? min.

lab
machine

Lab Notes:

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

LAB 1-4: VM Remote Control Basics

Summary: In this exercise, you view an entire VMware

Workstation instace with all of its VMs as well as a
single VM's screen.

Special Instructions
Use the following values in the exercise:
(none)

Duration: ? min.

lab
machine

Lab Notes:

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

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 SUS08: Advanced VMware Workstation and VM Remote Control

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