E.T.A.

Consortium DIAL T3 Project

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

1 Design Criteria
1.1 Transformers
Transformers will be provided by Others.

1.2 Main LV Switchboards

Main LV Switchboards will be provided by Others

1.3 EMCC
EMCC for HVAC Work shall be provided by ETA Consortium. Each EMCC is receiving the
power from various switchboards (Provided by others). The power to EMCC is received by
the XLPE/LSZH cables Aluminium from 70sq mm and above sizes and Copper conductor
from 50 sq mm and below by others.

The power is fed by ETA Consortium to each HVAC equipment from respective EMCC
through starter/VFD boxes. The power is distributed through XLPE/LSZH or FS /Armoured
cables. The sizes of the cables are Aluminium from 70sq mm and above sizes and Copper
conductor from 50 sq mm and below.

1.4 Diesel Generator System

DG Sets are provided by others for DIAL T3 Project.

1.5 Uninterruptible Power Supply System

The Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system will be provided by others.

1.6 Earthing System

The Earthing system to HVAC work shall be provided by ETA Consortium. The size of
Earthing strips/wires shall be as follows

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1.7 Cabling

The cable size selection for each load is based on the following criteria:
 Sufficient current carrying capacity including 10% spare capacity, dependent upon
the method of installation. (Refer Cable Calculation Sheet)
 Maximum voltage drop will be 5% (3% absorbed by others and 2% shall be
absorbed by ETA Consortium) at the final motor load end.
 Short circuit temperature limit, dependent upon energy produced during the short
circuit condition as illustrated in cable calculation sheet (I2t).
 Load factor & diversity factor is considered 1.0 for all motor loads.
 Cable size for final equipments are based on Total connected load (KW) of the
motor & Heater (if applicable) with 10% spare capacity.

1.8 STARTER PANELS

Each motor load is having a starter box which will have an starter (VFD or DOL or
S/D starter) as per the KW ratings. The equipments for the DOL & S/D starters shall
be selected based on Type-2 Co-ordination. The over load tripping device shall be set
on the 10% overload from the Full Load Current value. The over load relay shall have
in-built Single Phasing Prevention device. Each equipment shall be protected by over
load and Short Circuit Protection. The Starter Boxes shall be wall mounted type and
located near the equipment.
These starter boxes shall be fed from

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Transformers

To be provided by Others.

2.2 Main LV Switchboards

To be provided by Others.

2.3 Power Factor Correction:

To be provided by Others.

2.4 Diesel Generator System

To be provided by Others.

2.5 Uninterruptible Power Supply System

To be provided by Others.

2.6 Cabling

The optimum cable size for each load will be selected to satisfy the requirements of current
carrying capacity, voltage drop and short circuit temperature limit as follows:

The cables from 2.5sq mm to 50 sq mm shall be XLPE/LSZH/Copper/Armoured and

XLPE/LSZH/Copper/Armoured.

The cables from 70 sq mm and above shall be XLPE/LSZH/Aluminium/Armoured.

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2.6.1 Sufficient current carrying capacity

Following points taking in consideration for selection of cable sizes.
a. Full Load current based on total connected load x25 Spare capacity
b. Voltage Drop based on 5 % at the load end, where 3% is absorbed by others
and 2% is for HVAC loads.
c. Correction factor-Ca- due to Amb.temp.-50 deg.
d. Correction factor-Cg- due to method of installation./grouping
e. 10 % Spare current capacity is considered for the cables that are feeding to all
motor loads of HVAC.
f. Correction factor –Ct- for operating temperature.
g. (Mili. Volt drop/A/M) of resistive comp.& for inductive components.
h. Correction factor –Cr-for resistive components for maximum temp. during
fault for XLPE cables ( 250 Deg)= 1.6
i. S.C. Withstanding capacity to clear the fault.

2.6.2. Maximum voltage drop

Maximum voltage drop in volts for each run of the cable shall be calculated from following
vector sum equations.

= Ct Cos ( tabulated m.V/A/M)r + Sin (tabulated m.V/A/M)x

Where,

Ct= Correcting factors for conductor operating temperature

= 230+tp-(Ca*2*xCg*2-Ib*2/It*2)(tp-30)
__________________________________
230+tp

tp= Maximum permitted normal operating temperature. 90 Deg. C.

Ca= Correction factor ambient temp. for cable current i.e. at 50 deg.
Cg= Correction factor due to group rating of cables on actual
Ib= Total load current
It= Cable current capacity at 30 Deg. Amb. & Conductor Maximum Operating temp at 90 deg
(m.V/A/M)r =Tabulated mili-volt drop per Amp. Per meter for resitive components.
(m.V/A/M)x =Tabulated mili-volt drop per Amp. Per meter for inductive components

2.6.3 Short circuit temperature limit

The selected cable conductor size will also satisfy the minimum conductor size determined
by the short circuit temperature limit, dependent upon energy produced during the short
circuit condition. The minimum conductor size (Smin in mm2) is calculated by the following
adiabatic temperature rise equation which applies to any starting temperature:

k.S
I sc.= -------
t

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Where,
Isc= Symmetrical short circuit Current .
S = Cross section area of Cu- in sq.mm.
t. = Duration of short circuit current up to 5 sec, maximum.
k. = Constant of short circuit for an initial temperature of 250 ºC=143 for Copper
and 94 for Aluminium.

It shall be ensure that for above value of short circuit ,disconnecting time for devices
shall be minimum for 0.2 Sec.

 Short circuit temperature limit, dependent upon energy produced during the short
circuit condition.

3.0 CALCULATION & ABBREVIATIONS USED IN EXCELL

SPARE SHEET

1. TCL : Total Connected Load in KW – (Input KW)

2. I – Load = (KVA / 3 x 415) X 1000

3. I – Load x1.25 = I-load x 1.25 ( 25 % Spare Capacity)

4. L = Calculated length x 5% loop of cable

5. Ca= Derating of cable rating due to ambient temp. at 50 deg.

6. Cg= Derating of cable due to method of installations on actual grouping factor

7. De-rated cable – Amp/run = Cable rating at 30o C ambient temperature x Ca x Cg.

8. Nos of run required = I x 1.10

De-rated Amp

9. Ca*2 x Cg*2 ( Part of Ct calculation)

10. Ib*2/It*2 ( Part Of Ct Calculation) Where Ib = load current & It= Cable rated current
at 30 deg.

11. (Ca*2 x Cg*2-(Ib*2/It*2))x (tp-30) = (Part of Ct Calculation)

12. Ct :Correction for operating temperature for calculating voltage drop

= 230+tp- (Ca*2 x Cg*2-(Ib*2/It*2))x (tp-30)

230+tp
Where tp =90 Deg.

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13. Z-ohms cable of individual runs of the

= Length in mtrs x Z at Fault Temp / Km

1000 x Nos. of runs

14. % VD1 to VD4 = % Voltage drop of each individual run /circuit of cable

15. Total % Voltage drop at receiving end : Sum of VD1 to VD4 for main ,submain &
final equipments.

16. Short circuit with standing capacity of cable - KA

1 Sec : Derived from cable manufacturer data.

17. Z1 to Z4 = Impedance at source & Impedance for each run of cables.

18. Total Zt / Phase at sending end : Total Zt at sending end of distribution system.

19. Total Zt / Phase at receiving end of distribution system = sum of Z1 to Z4.

20. ISC – Calculated Symetrical fault current at sending end-in Amp

= (415 / 3 x Zt-sending)

21. ISC – Calculated Symmetrical at receiving end in Amp

= (415 / 3 X Zt – Receiving end)

22. Earth conductor sending end

= Zero sequence current at sending end
159
23. Earth conductor receiving end
= Zero sequence current at receiving end
159

24. = [K2 S2] where K is a constant and S is area in sq mm of cable.

25. Duration sec =

(S)2 = (K2 S2)/ KA2 = Cable withstanding capacity in sec for calculated fault
current to ensure it will withstand minimum 0.2 Sec.

26. Disconnecting time of protective device in sec for fault current (discrimination
time) : 0.2 Sec.

27. I2t = (Fault current)2 x disconnecting time= Energy through

28. K2 S2 > I2t – Logic true to ensure proper tripping of protective device.

29. I-load < Cable Amp= Logic stating that I Current x1.25 is less than Cable derated
Amps x Nos .of run.

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30. Total voltage drop at receiving end < 5%. (3% absorbed by others, 2% for HVAC).

31. C B Minimum Rating at source: (I-load x 1.10) X 1.15

32. C B Selected Amp : Selected standard size of CB . based on above

33. Calculated length = calculated length from architectural drawing.

34. Loop 5% = Extra 5% Loop for each run of cable (Final cable lengths shall be derived
from all B level approved Drawings).

35. Cos  (Power factor) = 0.8 lag (Considered)

36. Sin  = 1-cos2

37. Actual cable - rating – Amp @ 30 oC Ambient & 90oC conductor

operating temperature.

38. V(mV)r = mV drop / A / Mtr of resistive component at 90oC Conductor

operating temperature.

39. V(mV)x = mV drop / A / Mtr of inductive components.

40. Vr – Resi. Comp in volts = [(mV/A/m) x Load current x Cos ] x Length in Mtr.
Nos. of runs x 1000

41. Vx – React.Comp.Volts = [(mV/A/m) x Load current x Sin ] x Length in Mtr.

Nos. of Runs X 1000

42. Drops in Volts : Vector sum of Resistive & Inductive Components.

= (Temp.Corr.factor or V drop. Resi)2 + (V.drop Inductive comp)2

= (Cr. Cos V drop Resi)2 + (Sin  X V.drop Inductive)2

43. % Voltage drop individual =(Drop In volts X 100) / 415

44. Correction factor (Cr) of Resistance at Fault temperature = 1+((250-90) ( 0.004)

Where,

250 = Temp during fault for XLPE Cable

90= Maximum conductor operating temp.
0.004=Temp. coefficient of 0.004 per deg. C. at 20 deg.cenigragde.

45. R-Corr Corrected= Resistance at 20oC x Cr.

46. X – Inductance at 20oC

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47. Z-Corrected in Ohms/K.M. =  Rcorre.+X

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