TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

AYALA BLVD., ERMITA, MANILA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ME 5L
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
DETERMINING AIR PROPERTIES
USING SLING PSYCHROMETER

SUBMITTED BY:
GAMIL, KARL JERWIN B.
BSME-4B

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. MANUEL L. EUROPEO

Instructor

DATE PERFORMED: June 2, 2018

DATE SUBMITTED: July 16, 2018
OBJECTIVE
 To learn how to use a psychrometric chart
 To be familiarized with different properties of psychrometric chart
 To be able to differentiate results from alcohol and mercury based sling
psychrometer
 To determine dry and wet bulb temperatures in different areas with different
conditions

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

 Properties of Psychrometric chart
 Difference of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb
 Using a sling psychrometer

DISCUSSION
PSYCHROMETRY
Psychrometry is the science of study of various properties of air, method of
controlling its temperature and moisture content or humidity and its effect on
various materials and human beings.
Studying Psychrometry helps understanding different constituents of air and
how they affect each other, which in turn unravels various mysteries of the
atmosphere and the nature. Some of the psychrometric properties of air that we
are going to study are: dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point
temperature, relative humidity etc.
HISTORY OF PSYCHROMETER
“Based on the investigations made by the Institute of History of Science,
psychrometer takes the meaning of "cold measurer" in Greek language and in
1818; the expression was created by a German discoverer, Ernst Ferdinand
August. Sir John Leslie (1776-1832), a famous meteorologist, who is often
credited for the invention of psychrometer. In the late 19th century, an accurate
kind of wet-dry bulb psychrometer was discovered by a German meteorologist
and physician Adolph Richard Abmann (1845–1918). This tool is generally
known as "Assmann psychrometer” in English references.”
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Psychrometric charts are graphic representations of the psychrometric
properties of air. By using psychrometric charts HVAC engineers can graphically
analyze different types of psychrometric processes and find solution to many
practical problems without having to carry out long and tedious mathematical
calculations.
 The psychrometric chart looks complicated with vast numbers of lines and
curves in it, but is very easy to understand if you know the basic properties of air.
You will also understand its worth when you actually use it considering the fact
that you won’t have to use any formulae to find the properties of air in different
conditions, all you will have to know is two parameters of air and the rest are
easily found on the chart.

PROPERTIES OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
The Dry Bulb temperature, usually referred to as "air temperature", is the
air property that is most commonly used. When people refer to the temperature
of the air they are normally referring to the dry bulb temperature. The Dry Bulb
Temperature refers basically to the ambient air temperature. It is called "Dry
Bulb" because the air temperature is indicated by a thermometer not affected
by the moisture of the air. Dry-bulb temperature - Tdb, can be measured using
a normal thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and
moisture. The temperature is usually given in degrees Celsius (oC) or degrees
Fahrenheit (oF). The SI unit is Kelvin (K). Zero Kelvin equals to -273oC.

 WET BULB TEMPERATURE

The Wet Bulb temperature is the adiabatic saturation temperature. Wet
Bulb temperature can be measured by using a thermometer with the bulb
wrapped in wet muslin. The adiabatic evaporation of water from the
thermometer bulb and the cooling effect is indicated by a "wet bulb
temperature" lower than the "dry bulb temperature" in the air. The rate of
evaporation from the wet bandage on the bulb, and the temperature difference
between the dry bulb and wet bulb, depends on the humidity of the air. The
evaporation from the wet muslin is reduced when air contains more water vapor.
The Wet Bulb temperature is always between the Dry Bulb temperature and the
Dew Point. For the wet bulb, there is a dynamic equilibrium between heat
gained because the wet bulb is cooler than the surrounding air and heat lost
because of evaporation. The wet bulb temperature is the temperature of an
object that can be achieved through evaporative cooling, assuming good air
flow and that the ambient air temperature remains the same.
 DEW POINT TEMPERATURE
The temperature where water vapor starts to condense out of the air (the
temperature at which air becomes completely saturated). Above this
temperature the moisture stays in the air. The Dew Point temperature is always
lower than the Dry Bulb temperature and will be identical with 100% relative
humidity (the air is at the saturation line). As air temperature changes the Dew
Point tends to remain constant unless water is added or removed from the air.
The Dew Point temperature can be measured by filling a metal can with water
and some ice cubes. Stir by a thermometer and watch the outside of the can.
When the vapor in the air starts to condensate on the outside of the can, the
temperature on the thermometer is pretty close to the dew point of the actual
air.
 RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest
possible absolute humidity (which depends on the current air temperature). A
reading of 100 percent relative humidity means that the air is totally saturated
with water vapor and cannot hold any more, creating the possibility of rain. This
doesn't mean that the relative humidity must be 100 percent in order for it to
rain — it must be 100 percent where the clouds are forming, but the relative
humidity near the ground could be much less

 HUMIDITY RATIO
The proportion of mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air at the given
conditions (DBT, WBT, DPT, RH, etc.). It is also known as the moisture
content or mixing ratio. It is typically plotted as the ordinate (vertical axis) of
the graph. For a given DBT there will be a particular humidity ratio for which
the air sample is at 100% relative humidity: the relationship reflects the physics
of water and air and must be determined by measurement. The dimensionless
humidity ratio is typically expressed as grams of water per kilogram of dry air,
or grains of water per pound of air

 SPECIFIC ENTHALPY
The total energy in a system due to pressure and temperature per unit of
mass in that system. Specific enthalpy is used in thermodynamic equations
when one wants to know the energy for a given single unit mass of a substance.
The SI units for specific enthalpy are kJ/kg (kilojoules per kilogram). Specific
enthalpy is calculated by taking the total enthalpy of the system and dividing it
by the total mass of the system.
  SPECIFIC VOLUME
A measurement of a material related to its volume and mass. It relates to
solids, liquids, and gasses, and it quantifies the amount of space a certain mass
of material occupies. Specific volumes are measured for different materials at
standard temperature and pressure, which is defined as 0 degrees Celsius and 1
atm (or atmosphere). So you can refer to a table of specific volumes and figure
out the specific volumes for air, water, or methane, for example. Because
materials expand when temperatures go up and contract when pressure
increases, the value will change if your material is at a higher temperature or
under pressure.

LOCATING PARAMETERS ON CHART

 Dry bulb temperature: These lines are drawn straight, not always parallel to each
other, and slightly inclined from the vertical position. This is the t–axis, the abscissa
(horizontal) axis. Each line represents a constant temperature.
 Dew point temperature: From the state point follow the horizontal line of constant
humidity ratio to the intercept of 100% RH, also known as the saturation curve. The
dew point temperature is equal to the fully saturated dry bulb or wet bulb
temperatures.
 Wet bulb temperature: These lines are oblique lines that differ slightly from the
enthalpy lines. They are identically straight but are not exactly parallel to each other.
These intersect the saturation curve at DBT point.
 Relative humidity: These hyperbolic lines are shown in intervals of 10%. The
saturation curve is at 100% RH, while dry air is at 0% RH.
 Humidity ratio: These are the horizontal lines on the chart. Humidity ratio is usually
expressed as mass of moisture per mass of dry air (pounds or kilograms of moisture
per pound or kilogram of dry air, respectively). The range is from 0 for dry air up to
0.03 (lbmw/lbma) on the right hand ω-axis, the ordinate or vertical axis of the chart.
 Specific enthalpy: These are oblique lines drawn diagonally downward from left to
right across the chart that are parallel to each other. These are not parallel to wet
bulb temperature lines.
 Specific volume: These are a family of equally spaced straight lines that are nearly
parallel.
 The region above the saturation curve is a two-phase region that represents a mixture
of saturated moist air and liquid water, in thermal equilibrium.
 The protractor on the upper left of the chart has two scales. The inner scale
represents sensible-total heat ratio (SHF). The outer scale gives the ratio of enthalpy
difference to humidity difference. This is used to establish the slope of a condition
line between two processes. The horizontal component of the condition line is the
change in sensible heat while the vertical component is the change in latent heat
 SLING PSYCHROMETER
Sling Psychrometer is used to measure both the dry bulb and wet bulb
temperatures at time. These temperatures are a measure of humidity content in air.
One mercury in glass thermometer whose sensing bulb is bare to directly contact the
air and to measure the temperature which is called as the dry-bulb temperature.
One mercury in glass thermometer whose sensing bulb is covered with a cotton or
muslin wick made wet with pure water. This sensing bulb covered with the cotton
wick moistened is made to contact the air and the temperature indicated by this
thermometer is called as the wet bulb-thermometer.

The instrument frame carrying the thermometer is covered by a glass casing. A

swivel handle is attached to frame-glass casing – thermometer arrangement to ensure
that the air at the wet bulb always in immediate contact with the wet wick. When a
thermometer bulb is directly exposed to an air-water vapor mixture, the temperature
indicated by the thermometer is the dry-bulb temperature. When a thermometer bulb is
covered by a constantly wet wick and if the bulb covered by the wet wick is exposed
to air water vapor mixture, the temperature indicated by the thermometer is the wet
bulb temperature.

MATERIALS NEEDED
 Water
 Mercury-based Sling Psychrometer
 Alcohol-based Sling Psychrometer

PROCEDURES
1. Prepare all the needed materials
2. Choose a location to perform the experiment
3. Slightly wet the cloth covering the wet bulb thermometer
4. Record the time and conditions in the location
5. Start spinning the sling above the head to avoid hitting objects, continue for two
minutes
6. Immediately record the presented result on the thermometers
7. Choose another location with different conditions (up to 10 locations) and repeat
steps 3-6
8. Analyze results and data gathered, then formulate observations and conclusions
 DATA
BY ANDROID APPLICATION
LOCATION CONDITION TIME MERCURY ALCOHOL
1. COE 13 - AIR- 12:55 tdb = 23.5°C tdb = 25°C
Laboratory CONDITIONED PM twb = 20.5°C twb = 19. 5°C
Room AT TEMPERATURE tdp = 19.13°C tdp = 16.75°C
17° 𝑘𝑗
h = 59.01𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 55.53𝑘𝑔
RH = 76.49% RH = 60.19%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01391 𝑣 SH = 0.01194
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8593 𝑘𝑔 𝑣 = 0.8610 𝑘𝑔
2. COE 33 - VENTILATED BY 12:58 tdb = 30°C tdb = 33°C
FOUR ELECTRIC PM twb = 26°C twb = 26.5°C
FANS tdp = 24.64°C tdp = 24.31°C
- CROWDED 𝑘𝑗
h = 80.38𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 82.48𝑘𝑔
- HOT WEATHER
RH = 73.06% RH = 60.40%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01965 𝑣 SH = 0.1925
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8861 𝑣= 0.8943
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
3. COE 3RD Floor - - HOT WEATHER 1:01 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 34°C
Fire Exit - OPEN-FIELD twb = 28°C twb = 28.5°C
- SHADY tdp = 27.40°C tdp = 26.85°C
- WINDY 𝑘𝑗
h = 89.61𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 91.86𝑘𝑔
RH = 86% RH = 66.42%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH =0.2326 𝑘𝑔𝑣 SH = 0.0225𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎 𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 =0.8911 𝑘𝑔 𝑣 = 0.9018 𝑘𝑔
4. Outside of IRTC - HOT WEATHER 1:11 PM tdb = 34.5°C tdb = 33°C
Building - DIRECT twb = 27.5°C twb = 27°C
SUNLIGHT tdp = 25.26°C tdp = 25.04°C
- SLIGHTLY WINDY 𝑘𝑗
h = 87.02𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 84.76𝑘𝑔
- OPEN FIELD
RH = 58.79% RH = 63.10%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.02041 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎
SH = 0.2014𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.9003 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8955 𝑘𝑔
5. IRTC 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:14 PM tdb = 31.5°C tdb = 32°C
Lobby - VENTILATED twb = 28°C twb = 28°C
- CLOSED FIELD tdp = 26.94°C tdp = 26.78°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 89.55𝑘𝑔 h = 89.51𝑘𝑔
RH = 76.84% RH = 73.99%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.02262 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎
SH = 0.0224𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8946 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8958 𝑘𝑔
 BY ANDROID APPLICATION
LOCATION CONDITION TIME MERCURY ALCOHOL
6. Covered Court - HOT WEATHER 1:22 PM tdb = 32°C tdb = 33.5°C
- HUMID twb = 27.5°C twb = 27°C
tdp = 26.08°C tdp = 24.86°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 87.13𝑘𝑔 h = 84.72𝑘𝑔
RH = 71.02% RH = 60.71%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.02147 𝑣 SH = 0.01992
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8945 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8967 𝑘𝑔
7. CIT 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:29 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 31°C
Lobby - HUMID twb = 25°C twb = 26.5°C
- CLOSED FIELD tdp = 23.19°C tdp = 25.01°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 76.06 h = 82.58
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
RH = 66.95% RH = 70.53%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.1796 𝑣 SH = 0.0201 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣= 0.8838 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8896 𝑘𝑔
8. CAFA 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:35 tdb = 30°C tdb = 31.5°C
Lobby - HUMID PM twb = 26°C twb = 27°C
- OPEN FIELD tdp = 24.64°C tdp = 25.54°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 80.38𝑘𝑔 h = 84.81𝑘𝑔
RH = 73.06% RH = 70.76%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01965 𝑣 SH = 0.02077
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8861 𝑣= 0.8920
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
9. CLA 2ND Floor – - AIR- 1:42 PM tdb = 28.5°C tdb = 28°C
Room 216 CONDITIONED twb = 22°C twb = 23°C
AT TEMPERATURE tdp = 19.16°C tdp = 20.97°C
17° 𝑘𝑗
h = 64.24𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 68.04𝑘𝑔
RH = 57.02% RH = 65.65%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01394 𝑣 SH = 0.01563
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8739 𝑘𝑔 𝑣 = 0.8747 𝑘𝑔
10. COS Hallway - HOT WEATHER 1:49 PM tdb = 31°C tdb = 32°C
- DRY twb = 28°C twb = 25°C
tdp = 27.09°C tdp = 22.41°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 89.56𝑘𝑔 h = 75.96𝑘𝑔
RH = 79.77% RH = 56.99%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.02283 𝑣 SH = 0.01711
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8934 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8884 𝑘𝑔
 BY PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
LOCATION CONDITION TIME MERCURY ALCOHOL
1. COE 13 - AIR- 12:55 PM tdb = 23.5°C tdb = 25°C
Laboratory CONDITIONED twb = 20.5°C twb = 19. 5°C
Room AT TEMPERATURE tdp = 18.5°C tdp = 16.5°C
17° h = 58𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 55𝑘𝑔
RH = 75% RH = 60%
𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH =
𝑘𝑔
0.01387 𝑣 SH =0.01178
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3
𝑚3 𝑣= 0.8540 𝑘𝑔
𝑣 = 0.8657
𝑘𝑔
2. COE 33 - VENTILATED BY 12:58 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 33°C
FOUR ELECTRIC twb = 26°C twb = 26°C
FANS tdp = 24°C tdp = 24°C
- CROWDED 𝑘𝑗
h = 80𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 82.5𝑘𝑔
- HOT WEATHER
RH = 72% RH = 60.5%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01856 𝑣 SH = 0.1912
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8849 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8958 𝑘𝑔
3. COE 3RD Floor - - HOT WEATHER 1:01 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 34°C
Fire Exit - OPEN-FIELD twb = 28°C twb = 28.5°C
- SHADY tdp = 27°C tdp = 26°C
- WINDY 𝑘𝑗
h = 89𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 90𝑘𝑔
RH = 85% RH = 65%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH =0.2310 𝑘𝑔𝑣 SH =0.0210𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎 𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 =0.8955 𝑣= 0.9005
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔

4. Outside of IRTC - HOT WEATHER 1:11 PM tdb = 34.5°C tdb = 33°C

Building - DIRECT twb = 27.5°C twb = 27°C
SUNLIGHT tdp = 25°C tdp = 25°C
- SLIGHTLY WINDY 𝑘𝑗
h = 87𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 85𝑘𝑔
- OPEN FIELD
RH = 60% RH = 62%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.02052 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎
SH =0.2008𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.9000 𝑣= 0.8922
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
5. IRTC 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:14 PM tdb = 31.5°C tdb = 32°C
Lobby - VENTILATED twb = 28°C twb = 28°C
- CLOSED FIELD tdp = 27°C tdp = 26°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 90𝑘𝑔 h = 89.5𝑘𝑔
RH = 76% RH = 74%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.02254 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎
SH =0.0230𝑘𝑔𝑣
𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8923 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8960 𝑘𝑔
 BY PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
LOCATION CONDITION TIME MERCURY ALCOHOL
6. Covered Court - HOT WEATHER 1:22 PM tdb = 32°C tdb = 27°C
- HUMID twb = 27.5°C twb = 33.5°C
tdp = 26°C tdp = 25°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 87𝑘𝑔 h = 85𝑘𝑔
RH = 70% RH = 60%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.02150 𝑣 SH =0.01958
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8963 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8912 𝑘𝑔
7. CIT 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:29 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 31°C
Lobby - HUMID twb = 25°C twb = 26.5°C
- CLOSED FIELD tdp = 23°C tdp = 25°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 76 h = 83
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
RH = 67% RH = 71%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
SH = 0.1751 𝑣 SH=0.02053 𝑣
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣= 0.8862 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8901 𝑘𝑔
8. CAFA 1ST Floor – - HOT WEATHER 1:35 PM tdb = 30°C tdb = 31.5°C
Lobby - HUMID twb = 26°C twb = 27°C
- OPEN FIELD tdp = 25°C tdp = 26°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 80𝑘𝑔 h = 85𝑘𝑔
RH = 72% RH = 71%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01946 𝑣 SH =0.02036
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8823 𝑣= 0.8907
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
9. CLA 2ND Floor – - AIR- 1:42 PM tdb = 28.5°C tdb = 28°C
Room 216 CONDITIONED twb = 22°C twb = 23°C
AT TEMPERATURE tdp = 19°C tdp = 21°C
17° 𝑘𝑗
h = 63𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑗
h = 68𝑘𝑔
RH = 56% RH = 66%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.01386 𝑣 SH =0.01525
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8732 𝑘𝑔 𝑣 = 0.8769 𝑘𝑔
10. COS Hallway - HOT WEATHER 1:49 PM tdb = 31°C tdb = 32°C
- DRY twb = 28°C twb = 25°C
tdp = 27°C tdp = 22°C
𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑗
h = 90𝑘𝑔 h = 76𝑘𝑔
RH = 80% RH = 57%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑣
SH = 0.02281 𝑣 SH =0.01704
𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝑘𝑔𝑎
𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑣 = 0.8929 𝑘𝑔 𝑣= 0.8853 𝑘𝑔
MERCURY (PSYCHROMETRIC CHART)
ALCOHOL (PSYCHROMETRIC CHART)
 CONCLUSION
Having used the psychrometric chart and the sling psychrometer, I therefore conclude that

CONCLUSION
Psychrometric Chart is very useful in Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning-
Refrigeration(HVAC-R) field because it can show many properties of air.

ANALYSIS
 The temperature reading of Wet-bulb is lower than the reading of Dry-bulb.

RECOMMENDATION
For the next experiment, those who are conducting it must assure that they are spinning the
psychometer faster and with consistency for better result.

OBSERVATION
If there are more heat source around you like people or light, reading from the
thermometer will rise. Reading in alcohol thermometer is a bit higher than the mercury
thermometer