Nov. 24, 1953 E. S.

MacPHERSON 2,660,449
WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR WEHICLES
Filed Jan. 27, 1949
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Nov. 24, 1953 E. S. MacPHERSON 2,660,449
WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR WEHICLES
Filed Jan. 27, 1949 3. Sheets-Sheet 2

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Nov. 24, 1953 E. s. MacPHERSON 2,660,449
WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR WEHICLES
Fied Jan. 27, 1949 3. Sheets-Sheet 3

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 Patented Nov. 24, 1953
2,660,449

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

2,660,449
WHEEL SUSPENSION FOR MOTOR, WEHICLES
Earle S. MacPherson, Detroit, Mich, assignor to
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich., a cor
poration of Delaware
Application January 27, 1949, Serial No. 73,044
6 Claims. (Cl. 280-96.2)
2
This invention relates generally to notor We structure of the unitary body and frame of the
hicles and more particularly to a Wheel Suspen vehicle. The forward portions thereof, however,
sion for motor vehicles. Will be briefly described since the independent
An object of the present invention is to provide Suspension system for the front wheels is Sup
a wheel suspension system for independently SuS 5 ported upon this structure.
pending the road wheels of a notor vehicle in Referring now more particularly to the draw
such manner as to provide improved ride char'- ings, a tubular cross member 0 extends trans
acteristics. While the features of the construc
tion are particularly adapted for the front wheel verselyline of the vehicle slightly rearwardly of the
suspension of motor vehicles of the type having O acenterhorizontal
of the two front wheels, and comprises
straight center section and up
an integral frame and body structure, many of Wardly inclined end sections 2. A pair of longi
the features may also be used with rear wheel tudinally extending channel shaped side mem
suspensions and with vehicles having the usual berS 3 and 4 extend over the end sections 2
separate frame and body assemblies. A further of the tubular cross member if and are secured
object is to provide a suspension which is lin thereto by bolts 6. The open sides of the channel
usually light in weight and in which a consider shaped side members 3 and f4 are closed by sheet
able saving in cost is made by the elimination metal side panels
of many conventional suspension parts and as and longitudinallyf ofextending the
generally vertically
vehicle and welded at
semblies. This is accomplished by coinbining a
number of the functions of the suspension Systeia, 20 their lower edges to the side members. Forwardly
Of the tubular cross member 0, the side mem
For example, a stabilizer bar is provided which
not only serves to effect transverse stability in Shaped3 front
bers and 4 are joined together by a channel
cross member 8. The front cross
the usual manner but also forms part of the member 8 faces forwardly, and the open side
wheel supporting and guiding structure, eliihinat thereof is closed by a sheet metal front panel 9
ing the need for separate assemblies therefor. 25 which is welded thereto. As best seen in Figure
Likewise, a sturdy direct acting tubular shock 1, the base or rearward flange 2 of the front
absorber forms part of the wheel Supporting and CrOSS member 8 is cut away adjacent each end
guiding structure, combining several function: as at 22, to permit the end portions 23 of the upper
into a single assembly. These and other adval and lower legs of the channel to extend above and
tageous features of the present invention result 30 below
in a simplified, light weight and economical wheel 23 are the side members 3 and 4. The flanges
Welded to the side members, and in addi
suspension having very desirable ride and per tion the front cross member 8 and the side mem
formance characteristics. bers 3 and 4 are further strengthened and
The foregoing and other advantages will be joined together by means of brackets 24 which are
made more apparent as this description proceeds, 35 bolted to the front cross member and also to the
particularly when considered in connection with side members. The brackets 24 also serve to sup
the accompanying drawings, wherein: port a portion of the suspension system for the
Figure 1 is a plan view of the forward portion Ea. wheels, and will be described more in detail
of the chassis of a motor vehicle constructed in ate,
accordance with the present invention, with cer 40 AS Will be seen from an examination of Figure
tain parts thereof broken away and in Section. 2, the front sheet metal panel 9 is located im
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the forward por mediately adjacent the rearward side of a conven
tion of the motor vehicle shown in Figure , With tional radiator 25 and is formed with an opening
part of the front fender and hood broken away, 26 therein to permit air for cooling purposes to
and With the left front wheel in phantom, to 45 be drawn through the radiator. At the rearward
illustrate a portion of the front wheel Suspellision end of the engine compartment, a transverse gen
and the integral frame and body Construction. erally vertically extending sheet metal cowl panel
Figure 3 is a transverse cross sectional view 27 is provided. The two side panels , the front
take substantially on the plane indicated by the panel 9, and the cowl panel 27 are welded or
line 3-3 of Figure 2. 50
Figures 4 and 5 are enlarged cross sectional otherwise secured to each other along their ad
views taken substantially on the planes indicated jacent edges to form a generally box-shaped en
by the lines 4-4 and 5-5 respectively of Figure 1. closure for the engine compartment of the vehicle.
For the purposes of the present invention it will This box section is further reinforced by the side
not be necessary to describe in detail the entire 55 members 3 and 4 and also by braces 28 and 29
Which extend between the side members and the
 2,660,449
3 4.
cowl panel 28 to provide further strength and arm and the lower portion of the wheel Support
rigidity. ing bracket. A rubber bumper 59 is carried at
It will be noted that the sheet metal Side panels the Outer end of the tubular cross member 0 in
not only form structural parts of the integral vertical alignment with the Suspension arm 4 to
body and frame assembly and form the outer side 5 limit the upward travel of the latter.
walls of the engine compartment, but in addition Longitudinal movement of the Outer end of the
serve as the inner walls of the wheel housings. suspension arm 47, and accordingly the lower end
The outer walls of the wheel housings, are of of the wheel Supporting bracket 43, is controlled
course formed by the fenders 30 which COOperate by means of a stabilizer bar indicated generally
with the hood 3 and the radiator grille (not 10 by the reference character 6. As best seen in
shown) to completely enclose the forward portion Figure 1, the stabilizer bar has a central trans
of the vehicle. versely, extending straight portion 62 and inte
Each longitudinally extending sheet metal side gral thrust arms 63 extending diagonally rear
panel 7 is bowed in Wardly in transverse align Wardly therefrom and terminating in short longi
ment with the center line of the front wheels to 5 tudinally "extending end portions 64. Each end
form a vertically extending OutWardly facing portion is threaded and extends through a pair
pocket 32 to provide clearance for a portion of of rubber bushings 55 mounted in a bore 66 .
the front wheel suspension and to strengthen the formed in the boss 53 of the transverse Suspen
side panel. As best shown in Figure 3, at its upper sion arm, and is rigidly clamped thereto by means
edge the side panel 7 is bent outwardly to form 20 of nuts 6 provided at opposite sides of the boSS
a generally horizontally extending flarge 33 53.
secured at its forward and rearward ends. to the Means are provided for mounting the stabilizer
front-panel 9. and the cowl panel 28 respectively, bar 6 for pivotal movement about the trans
In the region of the pocket. 32, the horizontal verse axis of the.straight central portion 62 of
flange 33 is provided with a circular opening 34. the bar. As previously mentioned, the front CrOSS
to receive an inverted cup-shaped member 36 member 8 and the side frame members 3 and
suitably Supported therein. Additional Support 4 are tied together by brackets 24. Referring to
is. provided by bolting the portion of the member Figures 1, 2 and 4, each bracket 24 is generally U-.
36 protruding upwardly through the opening 34 to shaped with its open side facing forwardly and
a horizontal reinforcing plate 37. In addition, the 30 With its outer side wall 68 secured to the adjacent
outer portion of the member 36 is Supported and channel shaped side member by means of bolts
tied into the Side panel 7 by means of a U-shaped 69 and nuts f. The bolts 69 extend through
sheet metal bracket 38 enclosing the upper por spacers 2 separating and strengthening the box
tion of the pocket 32 formed in the side panel. section formed by the channel shaped side mem
Having now briefly described the for Ward pore ber 4 and the side panel 7. A gasket 3 Sepa
tion of the integral frame and body construc rates the side wall of the bracket from the side
tion, the front wheel suspension System mounted member 4 to eliminate noise.
thereon will now be described, and since the two In a similar manner the rear wall 74 of the
sides of the vehicle are symmetrical insofar as bracket 24 is Secured to the front cross member
the wheel suspension is concerned, Only the SuS 40 8 by means of bolts 6 and nuts . The lower
pension for the left front wheel will be described portions of the side Walls of the channel shaped
in detail. bracket 24 are apertured at 8 to receive a sleeve
Referring now to Figure 3, it will be seen that 9 Which is Welded therein. A pair of flanged
each front wheel 4 is generally of conventional rubber bushings 8 are received within the sleeve
construction and is journaled upon a wheel spin 45 9 and a stub Shaft 82 extends through the rub
dle 42. A wheel supporting bracket 43 is bolted ber bushings, the latter being clamped together
to the inner fange of the wheel Spindle, and is in between the enlarged fange 83 of the shaft and
the form of a relatively heavy vertically extend a washer 84 by means of a nut 86 threaded upon
ing plate having side and bottom flanges 44 and the end of the shaft. A swinging arm 8 is car
46 integrally formed thereWith. 50 ried at the extending end of the stub shaft 82
Each front wheel is independently suspended between the flange 83 and the peened over end
for rising and falling movement with respect to 88 of the shaft. It Will be apparent that the
the vehicle and is also mounted for pivotal nove Swinging arm 87 is thus mounted for pivotal
ment about a generally vertical axis to permit movement about the axis of the Stub shaft 82.
the front wheels to be turned to steer the vehicle. 55 As best seen in Figures 2 and 5, the Swinging
Each front wheel is provided with a transverse arm 8 extends rearwardly and is formed with a
suspension arm 47. The inner end of each trans groove 89 for receiving the thrust arm 63 of the
verse suspension arm is universally mounted up stabilizer bar 6. A rib 9 is provided opposite
on the tubular cross member 0 by means of a the groove 89 to strengthen the Swinging arm.
conventional ball and socket joint 48, the Socket 6) A pair of U-shaped shackle bolts 92 encircle the
49 thereof being provided at the end of the Suis arm 63 of the stabilizer bar and camp the latter
pension arm and the ball 5f being integrally rigidly to the swinging arm 87, nuts 93 being
formed at the forward end of a bolt 52 extending used for this purpose.
through and secured to the tubular cross member From the foregoing it will be seen that the
0. Near its outer end the suspension arm 47 is 65 transverse suspension arm 47 and the thrust arm
provided with an enlarged boss 53 merging into a 63 of the stabilizer bar cooperate to guide and
short integral fiange 54 forming an extension of support the lower end of the wheel supporting
the suspension arm. This flange is provided with bracket 43. It will be noted that the transverse
a vertical bore through which extends a bolt 56 axis of the Straight Central portion 62 of the
formed with a ball at its lower extremity for co 70 stabilizer bar is axially aligned with the stub
operation with a socket 57 carried by the bottom shafts 82 carried by the brackets 24 so that the
fiange 4S of the wheel supporting bracket 43. stabilizer bar is mounted for pivotal movement
This ball and socket joint, indicated generally by about this axis. During rising and falling move
the reference character 58, provides a universal ment of the front wheel, the outer end of the
connection between the transverse Suspension 75 transverse suspension arml. 47 necessarily moves
 2,660,449
5
in an arc about the axis of the central portion of end of the boot is held between the upper spring
the stabilizer bar. The resulting fore and aft pan 2 and a bell shaped retainer 27. Just
movement of the Outer end of the Suspension arm above the point of connection of the boot to the
47, as well as its vertical Swinging movement, is reservoir tube 97, the latter is provided with a
permitted by the ball and socket joint 8 at the port or Spring 28 for the passage of fluid be
inner end of the suspension arm. The ball and tWeen the interior of the reservoir tube and the
socket joint 58 between the outer end of the interior of the boot.
suspension arm and the botton flange 46 of the The Steering linkage for the front wheels is
wheel supporting bracket 43 accommodate the generally conventional, with the exception of the
vertical wheel movement, and also permit the method of attaching the steering arms to the
wheel to be turned about a generally vertical axis front wheel Supporting brackets. As shown in
to steer the vehicle. Figure 1, the pitman arm 3 from the steering
Figures 2 and 3 best illustrate the telescoping gear (not shown) is joined to an idler arm 32
strut, assembly extending vertically from the top by a tie rod i33. Drag links 34 are universally
of the wheel supporting bracket 43 and Serving Connected at their inner ends to intermediate
not only to guide and support the latter but also points On the tie rod 33 and at their outer ends
to provide for turning the front wheel to steer the are pivotally connected to the rearward end of
vehicle. This assembly also includes a coil Spring Steering arms 36. The Shanks 37 of the steer
and shock absorber to control the Wheel move ing arms are tapered and are received in aligned
ment. 20 holes formed in the opposite side flanges 44 of
Reference character 96 indicates a direct act the Wheel Supporting brackets 43. The tapered
ing tubular type shock absorber which is gener Shanks of the Steering arms are then welded to
ally similar in construction and operation to con the bracket flanges. -
ventional shock absorbel's now in Connon llSe It Will be seen that the lower portion of each
on motor vehicles. The present shock absorber Wheel Supporting bracket 43 is guided in its ver
is, however, of considerably heavier and Sturdier tical movement relative to the vehicle by means
construction since in addition to performing the of the transverse Suspension arm 57 and the rear
usual functions of a shock abSOrber it Serves as a Wardly extending thrust arm 63 of the stabilizer
telescoping strut supporting and guiding the bar is . The transverse suspension arm takes
wheel. The shock absorber includes an outer 30 the transverse loads from the front wheel while
reservoir tube 97 and a concentric inner preS the trust arm 63 takes the longitudinal loads.
sure tube 98 forming a fluid reservoir therebe The stabilizer bar 6 thus not only forms part of
tween. A valved piston 99 carried at the lower the Supporting and guiding means for the wheel
end of a piston rod it is slideably mounted in but in addition functions as a torsion stabilizer
the pressure tube 98 and valves the fluid between 35 bar to transmit vertical movement of one wheel
the fluid chambers above and below the piston to through the bar to the wheel on the opposite side
dampen shocks in the usual manner. At the of the vehicle. During stabilization the thrust
lower end of the pressure tube a conventional armS Serve as lever arms for the straight central
relief valve (not shown) permits flow of fluid be portion 62 of the stabilizer bar to place the cen
tween the pressure tube and the reservoir tube 40 tral portion in torsion. The need for a separate
to accommodate the displacement of fluid by the Stabilizer bar is thus eliminated, resulting in a
piston rod and to replenish lost fluid. Simplification of the wheel suspension system
The lower end of the shock absorber is mounted and reducing the cost thereof.
in a tubular support 92, preferably in the form The upper portion of each wheel supporting
of a casting, which has an integral flange 03 bracket 43 is guided and supported by the ver
rigidly bolted to the upper portion of the wheel tical strut assembly previously described. The
supporting bracket 43. The upper ends of the shock absorber 96 is constructed sufficiently
reservoir and pressure tubes 97 and 98 are so Strong to perform not only the usual function of
shaped as to cooperate with each other to form a shock absorber but also to serve as part of the
a spherical housing (4 for the spherical bear Wheel Supporting structure. Since the reservoir
ing 16. A bushing 0 is mounted within the and pressure tubes 37 and 98 are rigidly mounted
spherical bearing and slideably receives the pis upon the wheel Supporting bracket 43 while the
ton rod O. The spherical bearing is thus Self piston rod G is operatively connected to the
aligning to accommodate for manufacturing integral frame and body assembly, a vertically
variations and to provide a Smooth running fit. extensible and contractible strut is provided
A collar (8 is welded to the reservoir tube 97 Which guides and Supports the wheel, while at
near its upper end and in turn Supports the lower the same tine performing the functions of the
spring pan 9. A coil spring if f extends be conventional shock absorber. This dual function
tween the lower spring pan 9 and an upper is accomplished Without the necessity of provid
spring pan 2 which is clamped between a shoul 60 ing additional parts and hence results in a sav
der 3 on the piston rod and the inner race 4 ing of labor and materials. -
of a thrust bearing f6. A nut is threaded The thrust bearing 6 rotatably connects the
on the upper end of the piston rod if to clamp Upper end of the piston rod to the unitary frame
the parts together. The outer race 8 of the and body assembly to take vertical thrust, while
thrust bearing is received within an annular rub permitting turning of the wheel to steer the ve
ber mounting 9 of the shear type. The rub hicle. Transmission of excessive vibration and
ber mounting is bonded to the outer race and also Sound from the road wheels to the body is pre
to a sleeve 2 pressed within the upper cap 22, vented by the rubber shear mounting 9 which
the latter in turn being bolted to the upper wall also serves to accorn modate slight angular move
of the cap 36 and to the horizontal plate 32 of ment of the strut assembly. In addition, the
the body by means of bolts 23. thrust arms 3 of the stabilizer bar are also in
Mounted concentrically within the coil spring Suiated from the frame and body by the rubber
is a boot 24 of oil resistant Synthetic rub bushings in the pivotal connection between the
ber. The lower end of the boot is secured by a bracketS 24 and the swinging arms 81 which
clamp 26 to the reservoir tube while the upper 75 carry the thrust arms 83.
 2,669,449
7. 8
due to the fact that the thrust bearing is lo Sion means connected between said frame and
eated in a relatively high position, the change in said road wheels to guide the latter in a gen
caster and camber during vertical movement of erally vertical direction, said suspension means
the front wheels is minimized. being connected to said road wheels above the
it will be understood that the invention is not points of connection of said suspension arms to
to be limited to the exact construction shown and Said road wheels and being connected to said
described, but that various changes and modi frame at a point above the connection to said
fications may be made without departing from wheel assemblies.
the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined 3. In a vehicle having a pair of laterally spaced
in the appended claims. 10 wheel assemblies upon which a frame is spring
The word "frame' as used in the appended Supported, a pair of Suspension arms each unie
claims refers to any structural part or parts of versally mounted at their inner ends and extend
the sprung portion of a motor vehicle, whether ing transversely outwardly to a corresponding
the latter be of the type having a unitary frame Wheel assembly, a pair of downwardly depending
and body structure or a separate frame and body 5 brackets Secured at transversely spaced points to
joined together after being sub-assembled. Said frame, a Swinging arm pivotally mounted
What is claimed is: upon the lower portion of each of said down
1. In a vehicle having a pair of laterally Spaced Wardly depending brackets, and a stabilizer bar.
Wheel assenholies upon which a frame is Spring having a transversely extending straight central
supported, said frame having longitudinally side 20 portion axially aligned with the axis of the pivotal
frame members interconnected by a croSS frame connections between said swinging arms and
member located in the zone of Said Wheel aS Said brackets, said stabilizer bar having side
semblies and a front croSS frame member Spaced thrust arms integrally formed with said central
longitudinally forwardly of said first mentioned portion and extending diagonally therefrom,
cross fiane member, a pair of Suspension allins 25 means clamping said thrust arms to said swinging
each universally mounted upon Said first Inen arms, means Connecting the free ends of said
tioned cross frame member at Spaced points in thrust arms to said Suspension arms at points
termediate said side frame members and each closely adjacent the points of connection of said
extending transversely out Wardly to a wheel as Suspension arms to said wheel assembly, and
sembly, a pair of downwardly depending brackets 30 Suspension means connected between said frame
each located at the junction between said front and Said wheel assemblies to support said frame
cross flane member and One of Said frare neial and guide Said wheels in a generally vertical di
bers and rigidly Secured thereto, a Swinging arm rection, Said suspension means being connected
pivotally mounted upon the lower polition of each to Said Wheel assemblies above the points of con
of said downwardly depending brackets, aid a nection of Said suspension arms to said wheel
stabilizer bar having a transversely extending assemblies and being connected to said frame at
straight central portion axially aligned With the a point above the connection to said wheel as
axes of the pivotal connections yetween Said semblies.
Swinging arms and said bracketS, Said Stabilizer 4. In a vehicle having a pair of laterally spaced
bar having side thrust arms integrally fornied 40 Wheel assemblies upon which a frame is spring
with said central portion and extending diagonal Supported, a pair of generally transversely ex
ly rearwardly therefron, means clanping Said tending Suspension arms each connected at its
thrust arms to said Swinging arms, means Con Outer end to a wheel assembly, a pair of ball joints
necting the rearward ends of said thrust arms each having one element thereof connected to
to said Suspension arms at points immediately 45 Said frame and the other element thereof con
adjacent the points of connection of said sus nected to the inner end of one of said suspension
pension arms to Said wheel assemblies, and sus arms, and a one piece stabilizer hair mounted
pension means Connected between said frame and upon said frame for pivotal movement about a
said Wheel assemblies to Support Said frame and transverse horizontal axis longitudinally spaced
guide said wheels in a generally vertical di 50 from Said Suspension arms, said stabilizer bar
rection, Said Suspension means being connected having integral thrust arms at opposite sides of
to said wheel assemblies above the points of con the vehicle extending generally diagonally with
nection of said Suspension arms to said wheel as respect to Said transverse horizontal axis and
semblies and being connected to Said frame at a each directly connected to one of said wheel as
point above the connection to said wheel as 55 Semblies to take substantially the entire longi
Semblies. tudinal thrust from said wheel assemblies.
2. In a vehicle having a frame, a pair of road 5. In a vehicle having a frame, a pair of road
wheels on opposite sides of Said frame, a pair wheels mounted on wheel spindles at opposite
of generally transversely extending Suspension sides of said frame, a generally vertically extend
arms each supporting one road wheel at its Outer 60 ing Wheel Supporting bracket carried by each of
end and having its inner end universally con Said wheel Spindles, a pair of vertically extend
nected at a single point to said frame to control ing direct acting tubular shock absorbers each
the transverse location of the Wheel during its connected at one end to the adjacent wheel sup
rising and falling movement, the connection be porting bracket and at its opposite end to said
tween each of said arms and Said frame compris 65 frame and transmitting vertical thrust from the
ing a ball joint having One element thereof Con adjacent road wheel to the frame as well as
nected to Said frame and the other element guiding the adjacent wheel in a predetermined
thereof connected to the inner end of said arm, vertical path, a pair of suspension arms each ex
a stabilizer bar extending generally transversely tending transversely outwardly from said frame
of said frame and mounted thereon for pivotal 70 to one of Said road wheels and having a uni
movement about a transverse horizontal axis, the versal connection at its inner end with said frame
opposite ends of said stabilizer bar being oper and a universal connection at its outer end with
atively connected to said road wheels to control the adjacent wheel supporting bracket, and a
the longitudinal position of said wheels during stabilizer bar mounted on said frame for pivotal
their rising and falling movements, and suspen movement about a transverse horizontal axis,
 9 2,660,449
Said stabilizer bar having integral thrust arms 10
extending generally longitudinally of the vehicle the longitudinal positions of said wheel assem
and each Connected at its free end to the ad blies during their rising and falling movements
jacent suspension arm adjacent the universal relative to said frame and to take substantially
connection of the latter to the adjacent wheel the entire longitudinal thrust from said wheel
Supporting bracket to transmit longitudinal assemblies.
thrust from said road wheel to said frame, the E. S. MACPHERSON.
connection between each thrust arm of the sta
bilizer bar and the adjacent suspension arm in References Cited in the file of this patent
cluding a resilient bushing to accommodate rela 0. UNITED STATES PATENTS
tive angular movement between said arms. Number Nane Date
6. In a vehicle having a pair of laterally spaced 1711,881 Fornaca ------------- May 7, 1929
Wheel assemblies upon which a frame is spring 2,027,577 Crane ------------ Jan. 14, 1936
Supported, a pair of generally transversely ex 2,085,738 Coleman ---------- July 6, 1937
tending Suspension arms each universally con 5 2,124,087 Smith ------------- July 19, 1938
nected at its inner end to said frame and uni 2,138,114 Nelson ------------ Nov. 29, 1938
versally connected at its outer end to a wheel as 2,190,298 Slack -------------- Feb. 13, 1940
Sembly to take lateral thrust from said wheel 2,241,827 Rabe -------------- May 13, 1941
assembly without taking any of the longitudinal 2,253,645 Paton ------------ Aug. 26, 194
thrust therefrom, and a stabilizer bar having a 20 2,254,325 Slack et al. --------- Sept. 2, 1941
transversely extending straight central portion 2,290,923 Wahlberg ---------- July 28, 1942
and integral thrust arms at opposite ends of the 2,305,795 Schieferstein -...--- Dec. 22, 1942
straight central portion extending generally di 2,322,879 Piron ------------- June 29, 1943
agonally rearwardly With respect to said straight 2,403,145 Ulrich -------------- July 2, 1946
portion, said stabilizer bar being mounted upon 2,409,500 Krotz -------------- Oct. 15, 1946
Said frame for pivotal movement about a trans 2,483,974 Hicks et al. --------- Oct. 4, 1949
verse horizontal axis longitudinally spaced for 2,517,611 Utz ---------------- Aug. 8, 1950
Wardly from said suspension arms and substan 2,523,473 Leighton ---------- Sept. 26, 1950
tially coinciding with the axis of the straight 2,567,144 Butterfield -------- Sept. 4, 1951
central portion of the bar, the free ends of the 30 2,624,592 MacPherson -------- Jan. 6, 1953
diagonally extending thrust arms of the stabi
lizer bar being fixed longitudinally with respect FOREIGN PATENTS
to the Suspension arms adjacent the connections Number Country Date
of the latter to said wheel assemblies to control 858,747 France ------------- May 20, 1940