‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﯾﺔ‬

‫درﺳﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﯿﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ اﻻﺳﻤﺎء واﻟﺼﻔﺎت واﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ واﻻدوات واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻧﻮاﻋﮫ ‪،‬‬
‫واﻻن ﺟﺎء دور ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﯿﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ اﺧﺬه‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻻﺛﺎر ‪.‬‬

‫وﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﯾﺔ ھﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪ A = in‬وﺗﻌﻨﻲ )ﻓﻲ(‬

‫= ‪E = at , on , upon‬ﻋﻠﻰ او ﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ‬

‫= ) ‪Ra = to , for (for person , god‬اﻟﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻼﺷﺨﺎص واﻻﻟﮭﺔ ‪ ،‬اي ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬

‫= ) ‪S,e3 = to , for , towards , ( for thing , animals‬اﻟﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻼﺷﯿﺎء واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ‪ ،‬اي‬

‫ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬

‫= ‪Da = with , against , side , by‬ﻣﻊ او ﺿﺪ او ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ او ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬

‫= ‪Ta = from , in addition to‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ،‬اوﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﺣﯿﺎن ﺗﺪاﺧﻼ اوﺗﺸﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﯾﺼﻌﺐ ﻣﻌﮫ اﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ اول ﺣﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻓﯿﻦ اﻟﺮا و اﻟﺶ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻛﻠﯿﮭﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﻨﯿﺎن اﻟﻰ ‪،‬‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻄﻌﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻻﺧﺮ ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‪،‬‬
‫اﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﮭﻮ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪In the stronghold .= bad3 – a = bad – da .‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ‪ ،‬اي ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿﺒﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬وﺣﺴﺐ اﺳﺒﻘﯿﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﯾﻜﻮن اﺧﺮ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪In Ur . = urimki – a = urim –ma‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻻول ارﺗﺒﻂ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﺤﺮف اﻟﺪال ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮر ﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺪا ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ارﺗﺒﻂ ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﺤﺮف اﻟﻤﯿﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اور ﻟﺘﺸﻜﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ھﻮ اﻟﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪On the plain. = edin – e = edin -ne .‬‬

‫‪In the heaven = an – a = an na .‬‬

‫‪In the heart = sag -a =sag – ga .‬‬

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 ‫ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬، ‫ ﻓﺎن اﻏﻠﺐ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ‬، ‫ اذا ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﻨﺘﮭﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف ﻋﻠﺔ‬: ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
. ‫ﺷﻮاذ‬

In the city = uru – (a )= uru .

In Girsu = girsuki – a = girsu .

In the earth = ki –a= ki .

In Umma = umma –a= umma .

On the wide plain =plain , wide , on .= edin – dagal – a = edin – dagal –

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﮭﻞ اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ‬la.=

house , plain , his , of , in . = e2 – edin -(a)ni In the house of his plain .=

– a(k) –a.

. ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ )اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد( ﻓﻲ ﺳﮭﻠﮫ‬E – edin – na – na -ka . =

In the house of Ningirsu = house , ningirsuk, of , in . = e – nin.gir .su-

(k)- ak –e .

. ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﯿﺖ )ﻣﻌﺒﺪ(اﻻﻟﮫ ﻧﻨﺠﺮﺳﻮ‬e-ningirsu- ka- ke4 =

dumu – sag – dingir – gal – d. Nans,e- ra.

dumu – sag – dingir – gal – d. Nans,e –(ka)-ra.= son, first, god ,great ,
Nansh , of , for .

. ‫ ﻧﺎﻧﺸﮫ‬، ‫اﻟﻰ اﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺮ ﻟﻼﻟﮫ اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ‬For the first son of the great god , Nanshe. =

: ‫ﻛﺘﻤﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

‫ﺳﯿﺪة‬Lady = nin=

‫ﯾﺪ‬Hand = su =

‫= ﺣﻘﻞ‬Field = a.sa

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 ‫ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬، ‫ = ﻛﻞ‬All = ene

‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء واﻻرض‬Heaven and earth= ki-an-bi- da =

‫ = ﻣﻮﻇﻒ‬Officer = ugula

=‫رﺟﻞ‬Man = lu

‫ = ﺳﻮر او ﺣﺼﻦ‬Stronghold = bad

=‫ﻣﺎ ء‬Water = a

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬Word = inim =

‫= اﻣﺮاة‬Women= mi

‫= ﻧﮭﺮ‬River = id

‫ﺟﺒﻞ‬Mountain = kur =

‫= ﺑﻄﻞ‬Hero = ur.sag

‫ اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ‬A.kur.gal =

‫اﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ‬Ur.nanshe =

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