THAPAR UNIVERITY,PATIALA

PHYSICS PROJECT
•Topic: Laser Security Alarm System.
•Submitted To : Ms Rajni .
•Submitted By : Dipin Preet Singh, Divyanshu Yadav, Divyansh Bhardwaj,
Digant Gupta.
•Group : C-3.
•Roll No. : 401706008, 401706010, 401706009,.
•Date of Submission :
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that our group (1st Semester B-tech)
have successfully completed this physics project
entitled " Laser Security Alarm System " under my
guidance and supervision in the academic year 2017-
2018,Ms Rajni.

Teacher Signature
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we heartily thank our physics Teacher ,
Ms.Rajni for her highly valuable efforts, support
and constant cooperation indeed towards us in the
completion of this project.She has also been the vital
source of encouragement for us through the working
of this project. Finally we will also be grateful to our
friends and parents who devoted their auspicious
time in completion of this project.

Thanking You
 PREFACE
"Our project provides complete information on the
topic "Laser Security Alarm System " and maximum
efforts have been taken to make the project more
comprehensive and lucid to understand. Our project
covers a variety of sub topics like it's working, setup,
uses in life and different aspects of Laser Security
Alarm System . “
 INDEX
• Introduction.
• Components / Material Required.
• Circuit Diagram.
• Working.
• Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System .
• Advantages Of Laser Security Alarm
System .
• Conclusion.
 Components / Material
breadboard also known as
1)Breadboard: A breadboard also called protoboard is a type of solderless
electronic circuit building base.
We can build a electronic circuit on a breadboard without
any soldering ! Best of all it is reusable.

2)LDR: A photoresistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-

controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with
increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
 3)Resistor :A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of
electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a
specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

4) NPN Transistor(BC-547 ): NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors that
consists of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the base") between two N-doped layers. A
small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter
current.
5)Laser Pointer: A laser pointer or laser pen is a small handheld device with a power
source (usually a battery) and a laser diode emitting a very narrow coherent low-
powered laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to highlight something of
interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot of colored light.

6)LED : A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible light
when an electric current passes through it.
 7) Battery (9-V) :A container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is
converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

8) Wire : Metal drawn out into the form of a thin flexible thread or rod. That connects
different components in a circuit .
9)Buzzer : An electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling.

10)Battery Clip: It is the thing with two studs on it, it provides an electrical
connection to the battery.
 INTRODUCTION
 Security is a most important factor today.
 Technology develops day by day inthe world.
 The crime gang also improves their technology to perform their operation by making
the security dysfunctional/malfunctional.
 So technology of security should be modern with time in order to protect us from crime
hence we had decided to make alaser security system as our project.
 In this project we have used laser light to cover a large area.
 We know laser light goes through long distance without scattering effect. It’s
also visible only at source and incident point, otherwise invisible.
 These two properties of lasers help us to build up a modern security system,which may

be named as “laser security”.

 When any personal object crosses over the laser line the security alarm will start
ringing and also the focus light will “on” to focus the entrance of unauthorized person.

 We can make a security boundary of single laser light by keeping the laser pointer at a
fixed location with its light focussing straight on LDR (Light Dependent resistor).
 Working
1) This circuit is based on LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), a variable resistor in which the
resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
2) The LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential divider network, which is the main part of
our security alarm circuit.
3) We have already discussed about how transistor acts as a switch, the same principle is
used here.
4) The voltage drop across the LDR is used to drive the transistor switch. When the
voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.9V), the transistor is turned ON.
5) LDR has low resistance (mΩ range) in the presence of light and high resistance (MΩ
range) in the absence of light.
6) In our security alarm, a LASER light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously using laser
torch.
7) Light from other sources should not be allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the LDR in
a box with a single hole to pass LASER.
8) In this situation, the resistance offered by LDR is too low, since the LASER light is
continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
9) Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR (Ohm’s law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains in OFF state.
10) When a person (eg: thief) makes a block to the continuous flow of LASER beam, then
the light falling on the LDR gets blocked. Thus its resistance increases to a high value
in the order of MΩ range (According to Ohm’s law V=IR).
11) While resistance increases the voltage drop also increases, when this voltage drop
exceeds the cut in voltage of the silicon NPN transistor (BC-547), it will turn ON.
12) Then current from Vcc starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor, which
makes the beep sound.
13) The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of some security failures
 Uses Of Laser Security Alarm System
1) Laser Security System Locks Working : Laser door alarm is based on
the interruption of Laser beam.
The laser pointer is used as the source of light beam.
• If somebody tries to break the laser path, then an alarm will be generated in
a few seconds. Normally laser door alarm circuit will have two sections.
• First one, laser transmitter is a laser pointer readily available. This is
powered with 3 volt DC supply and fixed on one side of the door frame.
• The receiver will have a Photo transistor at the front end. We use BC-547
NPN transistor as a laser sensor.
 2) Laser System : Laser technology products will calculate distance by
measuring the time of flight of very short pulses of infrared light. It is
different from the traditional surveying instrument method of measuring
phase shifts by comparing the incoming wavelength with the phase of the
outgoing light pulse.
• Solid objects will reflect back a certain percentage of the emitted light
energy. It only needs to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector to
pick it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser pulse to travel to the
target and back with a reflection. By knowing the constant speed of light
we can calculate the distance traveled. It calculate accurate area of house
and protects it from thiefs .
 3) Theft Detection by Laser Sytem : It can be designed as a simple
electronic project for demonstration in science exhibitions. It can also be made
as a mini or major project for electrical or electronic students.
• When making this laser security system one can know all about laser beams and
their installation. While preparing a laser security system, we need to
concentrate on the microcontroller program and installed with the laser beam
device.
• When using traditional photo resistors for preparing security systems one has
to consider the natural light phenomena. Laser are strong in beam width and can
be focused on the perfect target.
• By using laser security system one can be safe in the case of harmful effects
to the body. As the beam width used in the laser security systems are not strong
beam widths. Which are used in the cutting devices.
4)Other Uses Of Laser Security Systems : The Laser security systems
are high tech innovations that have gained popularity in home and office
security systems. These are used to be expensive solutions for security
needs. Depending on cost and fast technological advancements laser
security systems becoming more adoptable.
 Conclusion
• Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new &
improved burglar alarms popping up everyday.
• With rapid advancement of technology the field is turning out
to be an area full of scope and new changes can be made to make
it’s more efficient.
• It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to
one and all.

Thank you